OBJECTIVES: To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels. METHODS: The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT). RESULTS: The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and ACS (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (r = -0.31, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.
Humans ; Adult ; Male ; Attention/physiology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Young Adult ; Psychometrics

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Critically ill children often present with anemia and have a higher demand for transfusions compared to other pediatric patients. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in cases of general critical illness, septic shock, acute brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, non-life-threatening bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock. This article interprets the background and evidence of the blood transfusion provisions for critically ill and severely bleeding children in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to enhance understanding and implementation of this aspect of the guidelines. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(4): 395-403.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Hemorrhage/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices in pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk of bleeding, and the causes of perioperative anemia and coagulation disorders in neonates and children are complex and varied, often necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood components. This guideline provides direction and recommendations for specific measures in blood management for children undergoing cardiac surgery before, during, and after surgery. This article interprets the background and evidence for the formulation of the blood transfusion provisions for children undergoing cardiac surgery, hoping to facilitate the understanding and implementation of this guideline.
Humans ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To investigate the causal relationship between abnormal placental lipid metabolism and trophoblast dysfunction in patients with preeclampsia(PE),and to explore the regulatory effects of PPARγ on trophoblast function under hypoxic conditions.Methods Placental tissues were collected from 30 patients with PE and 30 individuals with normal pregnancies at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between October 2020 and November 2021 for the analysis of lipid deposition.A rat model of PE was established,comprising a sham-operated(Sham)group and a reduced uterine perfusion pressure(Rupp)group,with six rats in each group(n=12 total).Human trophoblast cells(HTR-8/SVneo)were cultured in vitro and randomly assigned to four experimental groups:normoxic control,hypoxia,hypoxia+PPARγ agonist(Rosiglitazone),and hypoxia+PPARγ antagonist(T0070907).The expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and transcription factors(FASN,FABP4,PPARγ,LXRα)were assessed using RT-qPCR.Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression levels of PPARγ.Cell migration and invasion capacities were evaluated using scratch wound healing and Transwell assays,respectively.Results Placental lipid deposition in the PE group was significantly higher than that in the control group,particularly in the Rupp model mice(P<0.001).Under hypoxic conditions,the expression levels of FASN and FABP4 were upregulated in trophoblast cells(P<0.001),whereas the expression of PPARγ and LXRα was downregulated(P<0.001).Furthermore,treatment with the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 exacerbated the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on cell function(P<0.001),significantly reducing cell invasion and migration capacity(P<0.001).Additional siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments confirmed that PPARγ deficiency further aggravated hypoxia-induced impairments in cell migration and invasion,and this detrimental effect could not be reversed by Rosiglitazone.Conclusions Abnormal placental lipid metabolism in PE is closely linked to PPARγ-mediated enhancement of lipid synthesis and metabolic dysregulation under hypoxic conditions,which may subsequently impair trophoblast invasion and migration.

Objective To explore the association between rs750064,rs1078761 loci polymorphisms of BPI fold containing family A member 1(BPIFA1)gene and susceptibility to asthma in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods A total of 136 cases of AR admitted to Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from March 2021 to May 2024,aged 2～10 years old,were selected as the observation group,including 70 cases of asthma with AR,the control group was 66 cases with AR alone.The laboratory indicators of the children were collected,the rs750064 and rs1078761 loci of BPIFA1 gene were genotyped by MassArray System.The differences in genotype distribution and allele frequency between the two groups were compared.The correlation between rs750064 and rs1078761 loci of BPIFA1 gene and susceptibility to asthma in children with AR was analyzed by unconditional Logistic regression.Results Compared with the control group,interleukin-6(IL-6),fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)and immunoglobulin E(IgE)levels in the observation group were significantly increased,while forced vital capacity(FVC)levels were significantly decreased,with statistical significance(t=-22.648～4.879,all P<0.05).The genotypes of rs750064 and rs1078761 of BPIFA1 gene in control group and observation group were in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law(χ2=1.492～5.549,all P>0.05),indicating population representation.The distribution frequencies of allele T and genotype TT at rs750064 of BPIFA1 gene and allele A and genotype AA at rs1078761 locus in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=8.251～10.273,all P<0.05).The results of unconditional Logistic regression showed that in the co-dominant model(CC vs CT)of rs750064,the risk of CC genotype carriers was lower than that of TT genotype carriers(OR=0.537,95%CI:0.276～1.804).In the dominant model(CT+CC vs TT)and the recessive model(CT+TT vs CC),rs750064 polymorphism was associated with the risk of AR with asthma(all P<0.05).In the co-dominant model(GG vs AG),the risk of rs1078761 in GG genotype carriers was lower than that in AA genotype carriers(OR=0.498,95%CI:0.176～1.205).Under the dominant model(AG+GG vs AA)and recessive model(AG+AA vs GG),rs1078761 polymorphism was associated with the risk of AR combined asthma with statistical significance(all P<0.05).After adjusting various factors,rs750064 and rs1078761 were associated with the risk of AR combined with asthma under the three genetic models,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The polymorphism of BPIFA1 gene is significantly related to the susceptibility of asthma in children with AR.TT carriers of rs750064 locus and AA carriers of rs1078761 locus are more likely to develop asthma in children with AR.

Objective To explore the association between rs750064,rs1078761 loci polymorphisms of BPI fold containing family A member 1(BPIFA1)gene and susceptibility to asthma in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods A total of 136 cases of AR admitted to Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from March 2021 to May 2024,aged 2～10 years old,were selected as the observation group,including 70 cases of asthma with AR,the control group was 66 cases with AR alone.The laboratory indicators of the children were collected,the rs750064 and rs1078761 loci of BPIFA1 gene were genotyped by MassArray System.The differences in genotype distribution and allele frequency between the two groups were compared.The correlation between rs750064 and rs1078761 loci of BPIFA1 gene and susceptibility to asthma in children with AR was analyzed by unconditional Logistic regression.Results Compared with the control group,interleukin-6(IL-6),fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)and immunoglobulin E(IgE)levels in the observation group were significantly increased,while forced vital capacity(FVC)levels were significantly decreased,with statistical significance(t=-22.648～4.879,all P<0.05).The genotypes of rs750064 and rs1078761 of BPIFA1 gene in control group and observation group were in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law(χ2=1.492～5.549,all P>0.05),indicating population representation.The distribution frequencies of allele T and genotype TT at rs750064 of BPIFA1 gene and allele A and genotype AA at rs1078761 locus in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=8.251～10.273,all P<0.05).The results of unconditional Logistic regression showed that in the co-dominant model(CC vs CT)of rs750064,the risk of CC genotype carriers was lower than that of TT genotype carriers(OR=0.537,95%CI:0.276～1.804).In the dominant model(CT+CC vs TT)and the recessive model(CT+TT vs CC),rs750064 polymorphism was associated with the risk of AR with asthma(all P<0.05).In the co-dominant model(GG vs AG),the risk of rs1078761 in GG genotype carriers was lower than that in AA genotype carriers(OR=0.498,95%CI:0.176～1.205).Under the dominant model(AG+GG vs AA)and recessive model(AG+AA vs GG),rs1078761 polymorphism was associated with the risk of AR combined asthma with statistical significance(all P<0.05).After adjusting various factors,rs750064 and rs1078761 were associated with the risk of AR combined with asthma under the three genetic models,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The polymorphism of BPIFA1 gene is significantly related to the susceptibility of asthma in children with AR.TT carriers of rs750064 locus and AA carriers of rs1078761 locus are more likely to develop asthma in children with AR.

Objective To investigate the causal relationship between abnormal placental lipid metabolism and trophoblast dysfunction in patients with preeclampsia(PE),and to explore the regulatory effects of PPARγ on trophoblast function under hypoxic conditions.Methods Placental tissues were collected from 30 patients with PE and 30 individuals with normal pregnancies at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between October 2020 and November 2021 for the analysis of lipid deposition.A rat model of PE was established,comprising a sham-operated(Sham)group and a reduced uterine perfusion pressure(Rupp)group,with six rats in each group(n=12 total).Human trophoblast cells(HTR-8/SVneo)were cultured in vitro and randomly assigned to four experimental groups:normoxic control,hypoxia,hypoxia+PPARγ agonist(Rosiglitazone),and hypoxia+PPARγ antagonist(T0070907).The expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and transcription factors(FASN,FABP4,PPARγ,LXRα)were assessed using RT-qPCR.Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression levels of PPARγ.Cell migration and invasion capacities were evaluated using scratch wound healing and Transwell assays,respectively.Results Placental lipid deposition in the PE group was significantly higher than that in the control group,particularly in the Rupp model mice(P<0.001).Under hypoxic conditions,the expression levels of FASN and FABP4 were upregulated in trophoblast cells(P<0.001),whereas the expression of PPARγ and LXRα was downregulated(P<0.001).Furthermore,treatment with the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 exacerbated the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on cell function(P<0.001),significantly reducing cell invasion and migration capacity(P<0.001).Additional siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments confirmed that PPARγ deficiency further aggravated hypoxia-induced impairments in cell migration and invasion,and this detrimental effect could not be reversed by Rosiglitazone.Conclusions Abnormal placental lipid metabolism in PE is closely linked to PPARγ-mediated enhancement of lipid synthesis and metabolic dysregulation under hypoxic conditions,which may subsequently impair trophoblast invasion and migration.

Aim To establish a stable hepatic stellate cell ( HSC ) -specific G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( GRK2 ) knockout mice and provide the important animal model for further studying the biological function of GRK2 in HSC. Methods The loxP-labeled Grk2 gene mouse (Grk2