Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of ABO and Rh blood group antigen phenotypes among blood donors in the Yantai, Shandong. Methods: Blood samples from 310 180 voluntary blood donors in Yantai collected from January 2019 to December 2023 were tested for ABO and Rh blood group antigens using standard serological methods. RhD-negative samples were further typed for C, c, E, and e antigens. Population genetic analysis of blood groups was performed: allele frequencies were inferred from ABO phenotypes, and Rh allele/haplotype frequencies were estimated based on the proportion of RhD-negative donors and CcEe antigen typing, followed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium testing. Results: The phenotypic distribution frequency of ABO blood groups was B(32.72%)>O(28.93%)>A(27.65%)>AB(10.70%). The inferred allele frequencies were r(53.74%)>q(24.78%)>p(21.48%), consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). A total of 1 872 Rh-negative donors (0.603%) were identified. The most common Rh phenotypes were ccdee (59.56%) and Ccdee (30.18%). The distribution of Rh antigen phenotypes deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ =37.15, P<0.001), with the cde haplotype showing the highest frequency. There was no statistically significant difference in ABO blood group distribution between RhD-positive and RhD-negative donors (P>0.05). Conclusion: The ABO blood group distribution among voluntary blood donors in Yantai is generally stable and consistent with population genetic equilibrium, whereas the Rh antigen phenotype distribution deviates from equilibrium, indicating potential underlying genetic structural differences.

Objective To summarize the clinical efficacy of modified Morrow surgery in the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy treated with modified Morrow surgery at Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from 2020 to 2023. Results A total of 318 patients were enrolled, including 156 males and 162 females, with an average age of (55.6±13.1) years. Preoperative echocardiography showed a mean interventricular septal thickness of (18.1±3.8) mm, peak left ventricular outflow tract pressure difference of (86.4±24.9) mm Hg. The surgery time was (162.3±51.0) min, extracorporeal circulation time was (80.9±31.0) min, and aortic occlusion time was (44.8±20.8) min. After the surgery, transesophageal echocardiography showed that the interventricular septal thickness was (11.0±1.8) mm and left ventricular outflow tract peak pressure difference was (9.4±5.1) mm Hg. The incidence rate of postoperative complete left bundle branch block was 45.3%, Ⅲ° atrioventricular block was 3.8%, and postoperative newly developed atrial fibrillation was 3.1%. The postoperative hospital stay was (6.6±4.9) days, and one perioperative death occurred, with a mortality rate of 0.3%. The follow-up time was (10.3±9.4) months, during which the transthoracic echocardiography revealed a ventricular septal thickness of (12.9±2.9) mm and a peak left ventricular outflow tract pressure difference of (13.9±10.0) mm Hg. Conclusion The modified Morrow procedure for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is safe and effective, with good results in the short and medium term.

ObjectiveTaking the cuproptosis/oxidative stress pathway as the entry point， this study investigated the effect and mechanism of Liangyi Paste on hepatic lipid deposition in naturally aged mice fed with a high-fat diet. MethodsAfter adaptive feeding， 80 ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used. Thirty of them were randomly divided into three groups （10 mice per group）： The 12-month-old control group （12MCON）， the 15-month-old control group （15MCON）， and the 15-month-old group with a high-fat diet （15MHFD）. The 12MCON and 15MCON groups were continuously fed a standard diet， while the 15MHFD group started receiving a high-fat diet at 12 months of age. Tissue samples were collected at the corresponding time points for each group. The remaining 50 mice were randomly divided into five groups （10 mice per group）： the 20-month-old control group （20MCON）， the model group， and the low-， medium-， and high-dose Liangyi Paste groups （2.91 ， 5.82 ， 11.64 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively）. The 20MCON group was continuously fed a standard diet， while the other groups started receiving a high-fat diet at 15 months of age. At 18 months of age， the Liangyi Paste groups were administered the corresponding doses of Liangyi Paste by gavage， while the 20MCON and model groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage. After 8 weeks of continuous gavage （when the mice reached 20 months of age）， tissue samples were collected. Hepatic TG levels were measured using assay kits； liver histology and lipid deposition were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and oil red O staining； reactive oxygen species （ROS） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）； Cu²⁺， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） levels were measured by colorimetry； mRNA and protein expression of genes related to cuproptosis and oxidative stress pathways were analyzed by Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Wes automated protein expression system. ResultsCompared with 12MCON， the 15MCON group showed significantly increased hepatic TG， Cu²⁺， ROS， and MDA levels （P<0.01）， decreased SOD （P<0.01）， hepatocyte swelling， and disordered arrangement. The mRNA and protein levels of ferredoxin 1 （FDX1）， dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase （DLAT）， heat shock protein 70 （HSP70）， dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase （DLD）， pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit-β （PDHB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） were significantly elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with 15MCON group， the 15MHFD and 20MCON groups exhibited further increases in TG， Cu²⁺， ROS， and MDA （P<0.01）， reduced SOD （P<0.01）， and aggravated hepatocyte swelling and disorder. There were increased lipid droplets with mild vacuolization in the 15MHFD group， and no significant lipid deposition was observed in the 20MCON group. FDX1， DLAT， HSP70， DLD， PDHB， Nrf2， and PPARγ mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with 20MCON group， the model group demonstrated markedly elevated TG， Cu²⁺， ROS， and MDA （P<0.01）， reduced SOD （P<0.01）， severe hepatic steatosis， and upregulated expression of FDX1， DLAT， HSP70， DLD， PDHB， Nrf2， and PPARγ mRNA and proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. All abnormalities were significantly reversed after Liangyi Paste treatment. ConclusionLiangyi paste can ameliorate hepatic lipid deposition in naturally aged mice with a high-fat diet by modulating the cuproptosis/oxidative stress pathway.

[摘 要] 甲状腺癌是内分泌系统中最为常见的恶性肿瘤，近年来其发病率呈现出显著的上升趋势。乙酰化修饰作为一种重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰，参与调控各个类型甲状腺癌相关基因的转录表达、细胞周期进程及侵袭能力。组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）抑制剂在甲状腺癌治疗中显示出潜在的应用前景。本文通过调研近年来相关文献，系统回顾了乙酰化修饰在参与甲状腺癌发生发展过程中的生物学功能及其调控机制，进一步探讨HDAC抑制剂在临床治疗中的应用前景，为甲状腺癌的靶向治疗提供坚实的理论依据和提出可行的治疗策略。

AIM: To observe the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and radial peripheral capillary(RPC)density in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), and further analyze the correlation between RPC density and RNFL thickness.METHODS: Observational study. Totally 37 patients with unilateral BRVO diagnosed at the ophthalmology department of First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from October 2020 to January 2022 were selected, the 37 affected eyes were the unilateral BRVO group, and 37 fellow healthy eyes were the contralateral unaffected group, and 35 healthy individuals(35 right eyes were selected)without ocular diseases during the same period were selected as the normal control group. The best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment, fundus and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)were examined in both eyes of all BRVO patients and healthy individuals. The central macular thickness(CMT), the RNFL thickness, and the optic disc-AV crossing distance(DAVD)were measured by built-in software of the OCTA equipment. The optimized U-net algorithm was used to eliminate the large blood vessels, and then the RPC density was calculated. The CMT, RNFL thickness and RPC density were compared among the three groups. And the correlations of the RPC density with the CMT, RNFL thickness, and the DAVD were investigated.RESULTS: Compared with the contralateral unaffected group and the normal control group, the CMT and the RNFL thickness were significantly thickened in the unilateral BRVO group(all P<0.05); there were no statistical differences in the CMT and the RNFL thickness between the contralateral unaffected group and the normal control group(all P>0.05). The RPC density in the unilateral BRVO group increased compared with the contralateral unaffected group and decreased compared with the normal control group, but there was no statistically difference(all P>0.05). However, the RPC density in the contralateral unaffected group decreased compared with the normal control group(P<0.05). The RPC density in the unilateral BRVO group was not correlated with the CMT(P=0.960), but positively correlated with the RNFL thickness(r=0.401, P=0.014)and negatively correlated with the DAVD(r=-0.339, P=0.040).CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickened significantly and the RPC density did not change significantly in the optic disc area of BRVO patients. The RPC density is positively correlated with the RNFL thickness, indicating that the RNFL thickness can be used as a monitoring indicator to analyze and study the damage degree of the RPC density.

Objective: To explore the association between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students, so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and obesity prevention for students. Methods: Students from 11 primary and middle schools in Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipality, were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method. Demographic information was collected through a general questionnaire, and dietary intake types and frequencies over the past week were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis, and the dietary pattern factor scores were divided into Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups based on quartiles. Height and weight were collected through physical examinations, and Z-scores of body mass index adjusted for gender and age were calculated to assess overweight and obesity. The association between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 485 students were surveyed, including 745 males (50.17%) and 740 females (49.83%). The mean age was (12.87±2.86) years. Three dietary patterns were identified: animal and plant protein dietary pattern, high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern, and vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 42.57%, 48.42%, and 34.75%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern, the animal and plant protein dietary pattern (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.084-1.823) and the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern (OR=2.137, 95%CI: 1.643-2.779) were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students. Compared with the Q1 group of dietary pattern factor scores, the Q3 group (OR=1.631, 95%CI: 1.206-2.208) and Q4 group (OR=1.965, 95%CI: 1.446-2.671) of the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern had an increased risk of overweight and obesity, while the Q4 group of the vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern (OR=0.551, 95%CI: 0.406-0.747) had a reduced risk of overweight and obesity. There was no statistical association between factor scores of animal and plant protein dietary pattern and overweight and obesity (all P>0.05). Conclusions The animal and plant protein dietary pattern and the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students. Within the same dietary pattern, the more inclined students are to the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern, the higher their risk of overweight and obesity, while the more inclined they are to the vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern, the lower their risk of overweight and obesity.

The impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis remains uncertain. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who underwent a pneumococcal urinary antigen (PUA) test to assess its clinical utility. Results showed that PUA-positive patients required more oxygen support, high-flow nasal cannula, and dexamethasone compared to PUA-negative patients.Furthermore, the significantly higher incidence of a National Early Warning Score ≥5 in the PUA-positive group (P<0.001) suggests that a positive PUA test is associated with a severe disease course. However, no significant difference in mortality was observed between the two groups, and antibiotics were used in almost all patients (96.2%). While the PUA test may help guide antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients, its interpretation should be approached with caution.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on chronic diarrhea in the Chinese population are lacking, and the association between obesity and chronic diarrhea in East Asian populations remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronic diarrhea and its association with obesity in a representative community-dwelling Chinese population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a multistage, randomized cluster sampling involving 3503 residents aged 20-69 years from representative urban and rural communities in Beijing. Chronic diarrhea was assessed using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and obesity was determined based on body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the relationship between obesity and chronic diarrhea. RESULTS: The standardized prevalence of chronic diarrhea in the study population was 12.88%. The average BMI was 24.67 kg/m 2 . Of all the participants, 35.17% (1232/3503) of participants were classified as overweight and 16.13% (565/3503) as obese. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with obesity had an increased risk of chronic diarrhea as compared to normal weight individuals (odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-2.06). A nonlinear association between BMI and the risk of chronic diarrhea was observed in community residents of males and the overall participant group ( P  = 0.026 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study presents initial findings on the prevalence of chronic diarrhea among residents of Chinese communities while offering substantiated evidence regarding the significant association between obesity and chronic diarrhea. These findings offer a novel perspective on gastrointestinal health management.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diarrhea/epidemiology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Prevalence ; East Asian People/statistics & numerical data*

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism by which gypenoside L （Gyp-L） promotes apoptosis and inhibits ovarian cancer （OC） through the FK506-binding protein （FKBP） prolyl isomerase 8 （FKBP8）/B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） axis， with the piR-hsa-2804461 pathway as a breakthrough point. MethodsThe effects of different concentrations of Gyp-L and cis-platinum on the proliferation of OVCAR3 cells were determined by the cell count kit-8 method to identify the appropriate intervention concentration for subsequent experiments. OVCAR3 cells were allocated into blank， low-dose Gyp-L （Gyp-L-L， 50 µmol·L^-1）， high-dose Gyp-L （Gyp-L-H， 100 µmol·L^-1）， and cis-platinum （15 µmol·L^-1） groups. The migration， colony formation， and apoptosis of OVCAR3 cells were detected by the cell scratch assay， colony formation assay， and flow cytometry， respectively. The mRNA levels of piR-hsa-2804461 and FKBP8/Bcl-2 axis-related genes in OVCAR3 cells were determined by Real-time PCR， and the expression levels of FKBP8/Bcl-2 axis-related proteins were determined by simple Western blot. Further， an OVCAR3 cell model with piR-hsa-2804461 knocked out was constructed. The cells were allocated into blank， NC-inhibitor， inhibitor， NC-inhibitor+Gyp-L， and inhibitor+Gyp-L groups. The colony formation of OVCAR3 cells was detected by the colony formation assay. The mRNA levels of piR-hsa-2804461 and FKBP8/Bcl-2 axis-related genes and the expression levels of FKBP8/Bcl-2 axis-related proteins were determined by Real-time PCR and simple Western blotting， respectively. ResultsGyp-L inhibited the migration and proliferation （P<0.01）， promoted the apoptosis （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA level of piR-hsa-2804461 （P<0.05）， and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of FKBP8 and Bcl-2 （P<0.05） in OVCAR3 cells. Furthermore， Gyp-L increased the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase （Caspase）-3， and Caspase-9， which are related to the FKBP8/Bcl-2 axis （P<0.05）. ConclusionGyp-L may promote apoptosis by regulating the piR-hsa-2804461/FKBP8/Bcl-2 axis， thus affecting the occurrence of ovarian cancer.