Objective To evaluate the dissolution effects of pediatric ammonium urate stones in solutions with different pH values, so as to provide reference for the clinical treatment of this type of stones. Methods Eight pure ammonium urate stones(ammonium urate content ≥90%)of similar size and mass(median mass 4.6 g)were obtained from 8 children(＜14 years)undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The stones were placed in sodium chloride solutions with pH values of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.5 and artificial urine with pH values of 4. 6, 5.0, 7.0, and 8.5 at a constant temperature of 37 ℃. The mass of the stones was recorded before placement and at 24, 48, and 72 h after placement. The dissolution rates of the stones were calculated. Results The pediatric ammonium urate stones could be dissolved in sodium chloride solution, and the total dissolution rate was the highest(94.6%)after 72 hours when the pH value was 6.0. The total dissolution rate of ammonium urate stones in artificial urine after 72 hours were all over 50%, and the total dissolution rate was the highest(79.7%)when the pH value was 4.6. Conclusion Pediatric ammonium urate stones are soluble in sodium chloride solution and artificial urine, and the total dissolution rate is higher in acidic environment.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of blue laser vaporization in the treatment of large-volume (＞80 mL) benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 149 BPH patients with prostate volume＞80 mL who underwent blue laser vaporization at our hospital during Aug. 2023 and Aug. 2025. The 1-month postoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and international prostate symptom score (IPSS), operation time, postoperative hemoglobin drop, bladder irrigation volume, catheter indwelling time, and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Results All operations were successfully completed, without conversion to other approaches. The operation time was (41.47±11.05) minutes, postoperative hemoglobin drop (2.78±1.19) g/L, bladder irrigation volume (9.97±1.49) bags, and catheter indwelling time (3.30±1.85) days. One month after surgery, the Qmax was significantly higher than the preoperative value [(20.19±3.39) mL/s vs. (2.39±2.17) mL/s], while the IPSS was significantly lower [(4.46±0.87) vs. (27.69±2.06)], with statistically significant differences (P＜0.001). Postoperative complications included 1 case of incontinence (0.67%), 2 cases of urethral stricture/bladder neck contracture (1.34%), and 1 case of secondary bleeding (0.67%), all of which improved with symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Blue laser vaporization is effective for treating large-volume BPH, with advantages such as minimal bleeding risk, short operation time, fast recovery and safety.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective To explore changes of topological properties and functional connectivity(FC)of global brain network in breast cancer(BC)patients accompanied by emotional disorders.Methods Forty-three female BC patients(BC group)and 43 age-and education-matched healthy controls(HC group)were prospectively enrolled.The scores of fear of cancer recurrence-total(FCR-total),fear of cancer recurrence inventory(FCRI),general anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7)and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)for 43 patients in BC group,as well as of anxiety sensitivity index-3(ASI-3),meta-cognitions about health questionnaire(MCQ-HA)and EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L)for 40 patients in BC group were obtained to evaluate emotional disorders.Meanwhile,the scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were obtained in HC group to exclude for anxiety and depression.Using resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI),topological attributes and FC of global brain network were analyzed,and the topological attribute indicators of global brain network were compared between groups.Based on voxel-wise analysis,the regions in global brain related to FC strength(FCS)correlated with each clinical scale score in BC group were analyzed,and spatial similarity analysis of FCS was performed.The correlations of FCS at brain region level and clinical scale scores in BC group were observed.Results All patients in BC group were accompanied by emotional disorders.The clustering coefficient in BC group was lower than that in HC group(t=-2.261,P=0.027).Brain regions related to FCS values correlated with each clinical scale score in BC group were widely distributed in sensorimotor network and higher-order brain network,etc.,and their FCS values were correlated.FCS of ventrolateral nucleus of right thalamus and caudate nucleus were positively correlated with FCR-total(r=0.459,P=0.004)and FCRI(r=0.488,P=0.005).Conclusion BC patients with emotions disorders had dysfunction of brain functional segregation,as well as enhanced FCS in brain regions such as ventrolateral nucleus of right thalamus and caudate nucleus.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between lung ultrasound score(LUS)and oxygenation index(OI),and between it and the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2)to fraction of inspired oxygen(PaO2/FiO2)in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods:The documents of 168 ARDS patients who admitted to ICU of People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from June 2023 to June 2024 were retrospectively selected.According to the patients'prognosis,they were divided into survival group(114 cases)and death group(54 cases).The clinical documents,laboratory indexes including PaO2/FiO2 and LUS results of patients in the surviving group and the death group were collected and compared,and the effects of LUS and PaO2/FiO2 on the prognosis of ARDS patients were analyzed by logistic regression.The predictive value of LUS and PaO2/FiO2 on the prognosis of ARDS patients was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve.Finally,the correlation between LUS and PaO2/FiO2 of patients was analyzed by using Pearson analysis.Results:There were significant differences in age,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II)score,mean arterial pressure(MAP),ratio of E peak to A peak of mitral valve velocity,positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP),tidal volume(VT),PaO2/FiO2,and LUS between the death group and the survival group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=8.456,2.073,6.780,3.361,3.204,2.925,7.801,12.210,P<0.05),respectively,in which the PaO2/FiO2 level[(180.67±25.61)mmHg]of the death group was significantly lower than that[(217.87±34.70)mmHg]of the survival group,and the LUS score[(21.00±3.97)point]was higher than that[(13.63±3.50)point]of the survival group.The PaO2/FiO2 was a protective factor for the prognosis of ARDS patients(OR=0.943,P<0.05),while LUS was a risk factor(OR=2.729,P<0.05).The area under curve(AUC)values of PaO2/FiO2 and LUS were respectively 0.802 and 0.919 in predicting the prognosis of ARDS patients.LUS and PaO2/FiO2 levels showed a negative correlation(R=-0.707,P<0.001).Conclusion:Both LUS and PaO2/FiO2 have better predictive effect for the prognosis of ARDS patients,and LUS can be used in the early prediction for the oxygenation status and the assessment about prognosis of ARDS patients,and the subsequent guideline for formulating therapeutic measures in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:The use of assistive devices and technologies for blindness is a common intervention for people with visual impairment today,improving participation in activities of daily living and work-learning abilities,and facilitating return to family and society.The forms,technologies and functions of assistive devices for blindness in the age of digital information and intelligence vary,and their classification has not yet been effectively discussed and evaluated in a uniform manner.OBJECTIVE:To classify and evaluate the compensation function of intelligent guide devices for the people with visual impairment in China based on the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF).METHODS:CNKI,CQVIP and WanFang databases were searched for relevant literature.The time frame for the search was from January 1,2013 to December 31,2023.Based on the ICF theoretical model and framework structure,the terminology structure and coding procedure were applied to summarize the relevant visual impairment assessment categories,collate and analyze the research and classification of the compensation function of intelligent assistive devices for the people with visual impairment in China.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 197 articles were finally included.There was 1 article on body function,containing b2(b210);1 article on body structure,containing s2(s220);119 articles addressing activity and participation,containing d1(10 articles involving d110,d115,d120,d140,and d166,)d3(4 articles involving d315,d325,d345,and d360),d4(102 articles involving d465,d470),and d8(3 articles involving d820,d825);76 articles addressing environmental factors,including e1(72 articles involving e115,e120,e125,e130,e140,e150,e155,e160)and e2(4 articles involving e210 and e240).(2)The ICF-based research classification of the compensation function of intelligent guide devices for the people with visual impairment contains 4 parts,8 classifications and 25 categories,with areas related to physical compensation,daily necessities,education and learning,traveling and blindness guidance,and layout planning.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of enteric-coated metformin hydrochloride capsules(Junlida?)in patients with T2DM and poor glycemic control under lifestyle interventions.Methods In this study,419 patients with T2DM were recruited from 15 research centers from July 2020 to March 2022,and randomly divided into observation(Obs)group(n=209)and control group(Con,n=210)using a multicenter,randomized,double-blind,non-inferiority trial design.Patients in the Obs group were treated with enteric-coated Metformin hydrochloride capsules(Junlida?),and patients in the Con group were treated with Metformin hydrochloride tablets(Glucophage?).The optimal effective dose of 2 g/d was achieved within 4 weeks,and the reasonable dose was maintained until the end of treatment.The treatment period was 24 weeks.HbA1c and its compliance rate,FPG,and body weight were compared between the two groups in full analysis set(FAS)and protocol set(PPS).Safety and adverse events(AE)were evaluated in safety set(SS).Results A total of 414 participants were randomized(207 cases in Obs group and 207 cases in Con group).414 cases in FAS population(207 cases in Obs group and 207 cases in Con group),and 328 cases in PPS population(164 cases in Obs group and 164 cases in Con group),and 414 cases in SS population(207 cases in Obs group and 207 cases in Con group).After treatment,HbA1c,FPG and body weight were lower in both groups(P<0.05)in FAS and PPS.HbA1c compliance rate was not significantly different between the two groups in FAS and PPS(P>0.05).The results of non-inferiority test showed that the lower limit was>-0.4%in both FAS(-0.154,95%CI-0.384～0.069)and PPS(-0.139,95%CI-0.390～0.112),and the Obs group reached non-inferiority end point.The achievement rate,compliance rate,safety index and incidence of AE were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Junlida? demonstrated non-inferiority to Glucophage? in glycemic control and can be safely and effectively used in patients with diabetes.

This study was aimed at analyzing the biotypes and genetic diversity characteristics of five non-major Brucella species,to provide a scientific basis for understanding the species diversity of Brucella and strengthening pathogen monitoring and control.According to the biotypes(species,hosts,isolation locations,and time)and MLVA-16 genotypes(MLVA-16 lo-cus data,MLVA-11 genotypes)of five non-major pathogenic Brucella in the international MLVA database,we used Bionu-merics 8.0 software and PHYLOVIZ2.0 online software to analyze the geographical origin and genetic diversity characteristics of strains.A total of 227 strains were studied,including 121 Brucella ceti,47 B.pinnipedialis,37 Brucella ovis,11 B.mi-croti,and Brucella neotomae.The greatest host diversity was observed for B.ceti,followed by B.pinnipedialis and B.mi-croti.B.ceti was distributed in European and South American countries;B.pinnipedialiswas distributed in Europe;and B.microti.was distributed in the Czech Republic,Austria,and Hungary in Central Europe.B.ovis was widely distributed in Af-rica,Argentina,Australia,Brazil,Greece,the United States,Spain,and France.The MLVA-11 genotypes of different types of Brucella showed high polymorphism and large differences,thus suggesting that the strains have different geographical ori-gins.MST analysis indicated that the studied strains were divided into four branches(BCⅠ-Ⅳ),among which B.ceti was di-vided into two different branches(BC-Ⅰ and BC-Ⅱ),the strains of other types formed different branches(or sub-branches),and the strains of different types showed clear regional and dominant host characteristics.Genetic correlation analysis of strains of the Brucella genus revealed that non-major pathogenic Brucella had clear genetic,distribution,and host spectrum differ-ences with respect to four classical pathogenic Brucella species.Five non-major pathogenic Brucella strains presented unique genetic evolutionary patterns,geographical distributions,and host tropism characteristics,thereby providing new insight for understanding the biological and genetic diversity of those Brucella strains.

Objective To explore changes of topological properties and functional connectivity(FC)of global brain network in breast cancer(BC)patients accompanied by emotional disorders.Methods Forty-three female BC patients(BC group)and 43 age-and education-matched healthy controls(HC group)were prospectively enrolled.The scores of fear of cancer recurrence-total(FCR-total),fear of cancer recurrence inventory(FCRI),general anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7)and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)for 43 patients in BC group,as well as of anxiety sensitivity index-3(ASI-3),meta-cognitions about health questionnaire(MCQ-HA)and EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L)for 40 patients in BC group were obtained to evaluate emotional disorders.Meanwhile,the scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were obtained in HC group to exclude for anxiety and depression.Using resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI),topological attributes and FC of global brain network were analyzed,and the topological attribute indicators of global brain network were compared between groups.Based on voxel-wise analysis,the regions in global brain related to FC strength(FCS)correlated with each clinical scale score in BC group were analyzed,and spatial similarity analysis of FCS was performed.The correlations of FCS at brain region level and clinical scale scores in BC group were observed.Results All patients in BC group were accompanied by emotional disorders.The clustering coefficient in BC group was lower than that in HC group(t=-2.261,P=0.027).Brain regions related to FCS values correlated with each clinical scale score in BC group were widely distributed in sensorimotor network and higher-order brain network,etc.,and their FCS values were correlated.FCS of ventrolateral nucleus of right thalamus and caudate nucleus were positively correlated with FCR-total(r=0.459,P=0.004)and FCRI(r=0.488,P=0.005).Conclusion BC patients with emotions disorders had dysfunction of brain functional segregation,as well as enhanced FCS in brain regions such as ventrolateral nucleus of right thalamus and caudate nucleus.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between lung ultrasound score(LUS)and oxygenation index(OI),and between it and the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2)to fraction of inspired oxygen(PaO2/FiO2)in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods:The documents of 168 ARDS patients who admitted to ICU of People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from June 2023 to June 2024 were retrospectively selected.According to the patients'prognosis,they were divided into survival group(114 cases)and death group(54 cases).The clinical documents,laboratory indexes including PaO2/FiO2 and LUS results of patients in the surviving group and the death group were collected and compared,and the effects of LUS and PaO2/FiO2 on the prognosis of ARDS patients were analyzed by logistic regression.The predictive value of LUS and PaO2/FiO2 on the prognosis of ARDS patients was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve.Finally,the correlation between LUS and PaO2/FiO2 of patients was analyzed by using Pearson analysis.Results:There were significant differences in age,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II)score,mean arterial pressure(MAP),ratio of E peak to A peak of mitral valve velocity,positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP),tidal volume(VT),PaO2/FiO2,and LUS between the death group and the survival group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=8.456,2.073,6.780,3.361,3.204,2.925,7.801,12.210,P<0.05),respectively,in which the PaO2/FiO2 level[(180.67±25.61)mmHg]of the death group was significantly lower than that[(217.87±34.70)mmHg]of the survival group,and the LUS score[(21.00±3.97)point]was higher than that[(13.63±3.50)point]of the survival group.The PaO2/FiO2 was a protective factor for the prognosis of ARDS patients(OR=0.943,P<0.05),while LUS was a risk factor(OR=2.729,P<0.05).The area under curve(AUC)values of PaO2/FiO2 and LUS were respectively 0.802 and 0.919 in predicting the prognosis of ARDS patients.LUS and PaO2/FiO2 levels showed a negative correlation(R=-0.707,P<0.001).Conclusion:Both LUS and PaO2/FiO2 have better predictive effect for the prognosis of ARDS patients,and LUS can be used in the early prediction for the oxygenation status and the assessment about prognosis of ARDS patients,and the subsequent guideline for formulating therapeutic measures in clinical practice.