ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salt processing of Psoraleae Fructus （PF） through modern analytical techniques and biotechnology， focusing on its effects related to hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. MethodsThe zebrafish model was utilized to evaluate the impact of PF and salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus （SPF） on the hepatotoxicity （using 134.17 ， 178.89， 268.34 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 135.04， 180.06， 270.08 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively） and anti-osteoporotic activity （using 33.54 ， 67.08 and 134.17 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 33.76， 67.52， 135.04 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively）， which was using alizarin red skull staining of zebrafish as an indicator of different batches of PF. The specific dosage of a batch of PF was taken as an example. Then ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition of PF before and after salt processing， and PCA， OPLS-DA， and independent sample t-test were used to elucidating the compositional changes associated with the effects of salt processing on hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. ResultsUnder specific conditions， PF induced notable hepatotoxicity in zebrafish while simultaneously demonstrating protective effect against prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. In comparison to PF， SPF showed alleviated hepatotoxicity while retaining significant anti-osteoporosis activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that after salt processing， the overall chemical composition of PF showed a downward trend， with 69 components showing a decrease in content， represented by psoralen， and 13 components showing an increase， represented by 4′-O-methyl psoralen B. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed 11 key differential components before and after salt processing of PF， including psoralen and bakuchiol. ConclusionSalt processing effectively diminishes hepatotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis of PF， which may be related to the compositional changes before and after salt processing of PF and provides key evidence to reveal the scientific significance of salt processing of PF.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy characterized by tumor cells originating in the liver or bile ducts, exhibiting features of cholangiocyte differentiation. It poses a significant clinical challenge due to the limited diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Robust animal models are essential for advancing our understanding of CCA pathogenesis and developing effective treatments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CCA mouse models, highlighting various approaches, including chemical induction, genetically engineered models, and tumor xenografts. Each model is discussed in terms of its establishment techniques, pathological characteristics, and research significance, with a focus on intrahepatic CCA. Chemical induction models, such as diethylnitrosamine- and azoxymethane-induced models, offer insights into tumorigenesis processes, whereas genetically modified models involving alterations in key genes such as Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, tumor protein 53, and isocitrate dehydrogenase serve as important tools for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying CCA. Xenograft models, including patient-derived xenografts, bridge the gap between experimental research and clinical applications, allowing for precise therapeutic evaluations. By comparing these models, this review underscores their respective advantages and limitations, paving the way for future studies aiming to optimize and innovate CCA modeling strategies.

AIM: To explore the application effect of eyelid margin incision combined with floating bridge technique in the treatment of ptosis patients, and to analyze its effects on the margin reflex distance 1(MRD1)and the aesthetic effect of the eyes. METHODS:Prospective study. This study enrolled patients with blepharoptosis treated at the Department of Ophthalmology of the hospital between January 2023 and July 2025, who were assigned to either an observation group or a control group. The patients in the control group received levator aponeurosis shortening surgery through conventional double-eyelid incision, while the patients in the observation group underwent levator aponeurosis shortening surgery using the eyelid margin incision combined with floating bridge technique. Subsequently, the surgical-related indicators,the correction effect of ptosis, the aesthetic effect, the ocular function indicators, the postoperative complication occurrence rate, and recurrence rate were compared and analyzed between two groups.RESULTS:A total of 100 patients(100 eyes)with blepharoptosis were enrolled in this study, with 50 patients(50 eyes)in the observation group and 50 patients(50 eyes)in the control group. The observation group had a mean age of 27.33±5.32 y, including 20 males and 30 females. The control group had a mean age of 27.64±4.66 y, including 24 males and 26 females. Compared with the control group, the operative time of the observation group was longer, the postoperative swelling resolution time and natural recovery time were shorter,and the correction rate was higher(P<0.05). Three months after the surgery, the VSS score and POSAS score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, while the scores for eyelid curvature, symmetry of eyelid height, and the PFH, MRD1, palpebral fissure size, and upper eyelid levator muscle strength were all higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative complication occurrence rate and recurrence rate between two groups(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The combined use of eyelid margin incision and floating bridge technique for treating ptosis results in slightly longer operation time, but it can shorten the postoperative recovery period, effectively ameliorate the MRD1 and ocular function of patients, and enhance the correction effect and aesthetic quality of the eyes. In addition, it has a low incidence of complications and guaranteed safety.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） has become one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide， with the core pathological feature of pathological accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes， and as a key rate-limiting enzyme for triglyceride synthesis in the liver， 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 （DGAT2） plays a central role in this process. Cell and animal model studies have confirmed that inhibition of DGAT2 can effectively alleviate hepatic steatosis and delay disease progression， and subsequent clinical trials have also shown the potential clinical application value in the treatment of MAFLD. This article systematically reviews the mechanism of action of DGAT2 in the development and progression of MAFLD and comprehensively summarizes the therapeutic strategies targeting DGAT2， including the advances in both monotherapy and drug combinations， in order to provide new ideas for individualized treatment of MAFLD patients.

Multiple sclerosis （MS） is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. As the resident innate immune cells of the CNS， microglia exert dual regulatory effects throughout the disease course， encompassing both detrimental and reparative functions. Numerous studies have confirmed that microglia exhibit significant heterogeneity across development， aging， and pathological states， and multiple subpopulations have been identified， including proliferative region-associated microglia， disease-associated microglia， interferon-responsive microglia， and microglia inflamed in MS. This review summarizes the current state of microglial heterogeneity research and its implications in MS， with a particular focus on the mechanisms underlying their regulation of neuroinflammation and remyelination. It provides a theoretical reference for precision therapies targeting microglial subpopulations and offers novel insights for the clinical management of MS.

Multiple sclerosis （MS） is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. As the resident innate immune cells of the CNS， microglia exert dual regulatory effects throughout the disease course， encompassing both detrimental and reparative functions. Numerous studies have confirmed that microglia exhibit significant heterogeneity across development， aging， and pathological states， and multiple subpopulations have been identified， including proliferative region-associated microglia， disease-associated microglia， interferon-responsive microglia， and microglia inflamed in MS. This review summarizes the current state of microglial heterogeneity research and its implications in MS， with a particular focus on the mechanisms underlying their regulation of neuroinflammation and remyelination. It provides a theoretical reference for precision therapies targeting microglial subpopulations and offers novel insights for the clinical management of MS.

ObjectiveFor prepubertal and urgently treated malignant tumor patients, ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation represent more appropriate fertility preservation methods. Current clinical practices often involve freezing ovarian tissue with high concentrations of cryoprotectants (CPAs) and thawing with water baths. These processes lead to varying degrees of toxicity and devitrification damage to ovarian tissue. Therefore, this paper proposes optimized methods for vitrification of ovarian tissues based on sodium alginate hydrogel encapsulation and magnetic induction nanowarming technology. MethodsFirstly, the study investigated the effects of sodium alginate concentration, the sequence of hydrogel encapsulation and CPAs loading on vitrification efficiency of encapsulated ovarian tissue. Additionally, the capability of sodium alginate hydrogel encapsulation to reduce the required concentration of CPAs was validated. Secondly, a platform combining water bath and magnetic induction nanowarming was established to rewarm ovarian tissue under various concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic field strengths. The post-warming follicle survival rate, antioxidant capacity, and ovarian tissue integrity were evaluated to assess the efficacy of the method. ResultsThe study found that ovarian tissue encapsulated with 2% sodium alginate hydrogel exhibited the highest follicle survival rate after vitrification. The method of loading CPAs prior to encapsulation proved more suitable for ovarian tissue cryopreservation, effectively reducing the required concentration of CPAs by 50%. A combination of 8 g/L Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and an alternating magnetic field of 300 Gs showed optimal warming effectiveness for ovarian tissue. Combining water bath rewarming with magnetic induction nanowarming yielded the highest follicle survival rate, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and preserved tissue morphology. ConclusionSodium alginate hydrogel encapsulation of ovarian tissue reduces the concentration of CPAs required during the freezing process. The combination of magnetic induction nanowarming with water bath provides an efficient method ovarian tissue rewarming. This study offers novel approaches to optimize ovarian tissues vitrification.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the critical role of rehabilitation medical records (including electronic records) in rehabilitation medicine's clinical practice and management, comprehensively analyzed the structure, core content and data standards of rehabilitation medical records, to develop a standardized medical record data architecture and core dataset suitable for rehabilitation medicine and to explore the application of rehabilitation data in performance evaluation and payment. MethodsBased on the regulatory documents Basic Specifications for Medical Record Writing and Basic Specifications for Electronic Medical Records (Trial) issued by National Health Commission of China, and referencing the World Health Organization (WHO) Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs) classifications, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10/ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI Beta-3), this study constructed the data architecture, core content and data standards for rehabilitation medical records. Furthermore, it explored the application of rehabilitation record summary sheets (home page) data in rehabilitation medical statistics and payment methods, including Diagnosis-related Groups (DRG), Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) and Case Mix Index. ResultsThis study proposed a systematic standard framework for rehabilitation medical records, covering key components such as patient demographics, rehabilitation diagnosis, functional assessment, rehabilitation treatment prescriptions, progress evaluations and discharge summaries. The research analyzed the systematic application methods and data standards of ICD-10/ICD-11, ICF and ICHI Beta-3 in the fields of medical record terminology, coding and assessment. Constructing a standardized data structure and data standards for rehabilitation medical records can significantly improve the quality of data reporting based on the medical record summary sheet, thereby enhancing the quality control of rehabilitation services, effectively supporting the optimization of rehabilitation medical insurance payment mechanisms, and contributing to the establishment of rehabilitation medical performance evaluation and payment based on DRG and DIP. ConclusionStructured rehabilitation records and data standardization are crucial tools for quality control in rehabilitation. Systematically applying the three reference classifications of the WHO-FICs, and aligning with national medical record and electronic health record specifications, facilitate the development of a standardized rehabilitation record architecture and core dataset. Standardizing rehabilitation care pathways based on the ICF methodology, and developing ICF- and ICD-11-based rehabilitation assessment tools, auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic systems, and supporting terminology and coding systems, can effectively enhance the quality of rehabilitation records and enable interoperability and sharing of rehabilitation data with other medical data, ultimately improving the quality and safety of rehabilitation services.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a difficult and critical disease with rapid progression and limited treatment methods in the field of liver disease， and it is urgently needed to make breakthroughs in its pathogenesis. Selection of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies is of great importance in delaying disease progression and reducing the incidence and mortality rates. This article reviews the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis” and related prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy in traditional Chinese medicine/Zhuang medicine， proposes a new theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， analyzes the scientific connotations of “turbid”， “toxin”， and the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， and constructs the “four-step” prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy， thereby establishing the new clinical prevention and treatment regimen for hepatic encephalopathy represented by “four prescriptions and two techniques” and clarifying the effect mechanism and biological basis of core prescriptions and techniques in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy， in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

Objective To investigate the effects of scutellarin(SCU)on apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and the Janus kinas 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD)model rats.Methods IVDD rats were randomly divided into IVDD group,SCU low and high dose groups(SCU-L,SCU-H groups),SCU high dose+JAK2 activator bispecific protein phosphatase 19(DUSP19)group(SCU-H+DUSP19 group)and control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was applied to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress level in intervertebral disc tissues.Eosin stai-ning(HE)staining microscopy was used to observe pathological damage of intervertebral disc tissue.Transferase mediated dUTP notch end labeling(TUNEL)staining microscopy was applied to detect apoptosis of nucleus pulpo-sus cells in intervertebral disc tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway related proteins.Results Animals in the IVDD group were suffered from partial rupture of the fibrous ring in the intervertebral disc tissue,abnormal shrinkage of the nucleus pulposus structure with reduction of nucleus pul-posus cells and blurred boundary with the fibrous ring.The level of TNF-α,IL-1β,ROS and apoptosis rate of nu-cleus pulposus cells,the expression of Bax,cleaved caspase-3,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 were all elevated and the expression of SOD,type Ⅱ collagen,and polysaccharides decreased(P＜0.05).The morphology,cell structure,density of fibrous ring and nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc tissue of the SCU-L and SCU-H groups were improved as compared to IVDD group.The degeneration was alleviated to varying degrees.The level of TNF-α,IL-1β,ROS,apoptosis rate of nucleus pulposus cells and the expression of Bax,cleaved caspase-3,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 were all reduced and the expression of SOD,type Ⅱ collagen,and polysaccha-rides significantly increased(P＜0.05).DUSP19 partially reverses the effect of SCU on apoptosis of IVDD rats.Conclusions SCU may alleviate apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells in IVDD rats.