Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

Bronchial asthma （BA） is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. Lung macrophages （LMs）， as important effector cells of the innate immune system， play an important role in recognizing and engulfing pathogens， clearing harmful particles， and regulating immune responses. LMs can be polarized to M1 （pro-inflammatory） or M2 （anti-inflammatory） in different immune environments and participate in promoting or inhibiting inflammatory response， as well as lung parenchyma injury and repair （airway remodeling）， playing a key role in the BA occurrence and development. Regulating the polarization balance of macrophages can not only inhibit the inflammatory response in the airway and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness， but also improve airway remodeling and immune regulation， reduce airway mucus secretion， and alleviate the clinical BA symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， especially polysaccharides and saponins， can regulate the polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds can balance the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors by staging treatment and targeting the polarization state of M1/M2 macrophages， inhibit inflammatory response in the airway， reduce airway remodeling， and improve the BA symptoms. This paper summarized the research progress on the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， aiming to provide scientific evidence for the precise targeted therapy of BA.

ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating chronic gastritis （CG） in China. By analyzing their variety characteristics and prescription patterns， it seeks to provide references for clinical syndrome differentiation-based drug selection， treatment method optimization， and the design of high-quality clinical research. MethodsInformation on marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG was collected. Microsoft Excel software was used to collate and statistically analyze representative drugs for each pathological stage， market status， syndrome types， and other contents. The Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform （V2.3.9） was employed to analyze the formula composition patterns of standardized prescriptions. ResultsA total of 141 marketed traditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG in China were included. Based on the disease's pathological progression， they can be classified into drugs for non-atrophic gastritis， atrophic gastritis， and precancerous lesions. Post-marketing research reveals that relevant evaluation is only conducted on 17 drugs， of which 2 involve pharmacoeconomic studies and 14 possess standardized evidence-based evidence. The primary dosage forms were capsules， granules， and tablets. From the 100 prescriptions screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria， the varieties indicated for the stomach collateral stasis syndrome in atrophic gastritis accounted for the highest proportion. The main efficacy distributions were clearing heat， detoxifying， and relieving pain by promoting Qi circulation. Core drugs included Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome， Paeoniae Radix Alba， and Aucklandiae Radix. Medicinal properties were predominantly warm and neutral. Flavors were mainly bitter， pungent， and sweet. The drugs primarily entered the spleen and stomach meridians. Analysis of the package inserts reveals that 67 products list "contraindications"， 110 include "precautions"， and 23 explicitly state "adverse reactions". ConclusionTraditional Chinese patent medicines for treating CG hold unique value in clinical practice. However， currently there are challenges such as insufficient clarity in syndrome type descriptions within package inserts and a relative lack of high-level evidence-based medical evidence， as well as pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Future efforts should focus on addressing these shortcomings by advancing research on syndrome characteristics and medication patterns based on syndrome differentiation， systematically conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations， strengthening the accumulation of high-level evidence-based evidence， and， on this basis， improving patient medication adherence. This will comprehensively enhance the clinical application value and scientific connotation of this category of drugs.

Background As a traditional labor-intensive industry, the wooden furniture manufacturing sector has been facing significant occupational health hazards, notably noise exposure. Objective To understand the current status of occupational health management and workplace noise monitoring in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry in Foshan City of Guangzhou Province over the past five years (2020−2024), to clarify the exposure level of occupational noise hazards in this industry, the implementation of prevention and control measures, and their dynamic changing trends, and to provid a reference basis for formulating and optimizing targeted occupational health supervision strategies. Methods By judgment sampling method, 381 wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Foshan City from 2020 to 2024 were selected. Through document review, on-site investigation, and on-site testing, the basic information of the enterprise, key indicators of occupational health management (declaration of projects with occupational disease hazards, occupational health training, the setting and effect of occupational disease prevention facilities, the allocation and use of personal protective equipment, occupational health examinations, etc.) and monitoring data of noise intensity in the workplace were systematically collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was adopted to present the characteristics of enterprises and various indicators, and trend tests were used for dynamic changes of occupational health management indicators and noise intensity monitoring results between each year. Results Among the 381 enterprises, small and micro enterprises accounted for 94.0% (358/381), the overall occupational hazard exposure rate of workers was 56.7% (15199/26798), and the noise exposure rate was 45.6% (12221/26798). The report rate of projects with occupational disease hazards was 100%, the occupational health training rate of exposed workers was 69.6%, the setting rate and effectiveness rate of noise prevention facilities were 24.9% and 95.8% respectively, the distribution rate and effective wearing rate of noise protection earplugs/earmuffs were 77.6% and 87.1% respectively, and the rate of occupational health examinations for noise-exposed workers and the abnormal rate were 55.4% and 2.5% respectively. The trend analysis results showed that the rates of occupational health training, setting and effectiveness of noise prevention facilities, distribution and effective wearing of noise protection earplugs/earmuffs, occupational health examinations for noise-exposed workers, and abnormal health examination results all showed an overall upward trend (P values were all<0.05). The proportion of workplace noise intensity greater than 85 dB(A) and the rate of noise exceeding standards at work positions both showed an overall upward trend (P values were both<0.01). Conclusion During the period from 2020 to 2024, the occupational health management in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry in Foshan City has achieved certain positive progress, particularly in areas such as the installation of protective facilities, the use of personal protective equipment, and the implementation of occupational health examinations. However, workplace noise hazards have not been effectively controlled. Moving forward, regulatory efforts must consolidate existing management achievements while strengthening mandatory requirements and support for the technical transformation of high-noise processes and the widespread adoption of noise reduction facilities. This approach is essential to fundamentally curb occupational noise hazards.

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), one of the most severe types of male infertility, etiology often remains unclear in most cases. Therefore, this study aimed to detect four biallelic detrimental variants (0.5%) in the minichromosome maintenance domain containing 2 ( MCMDC2 ) genes in 768 NOA patients by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) demonstrated that MCMDC2 deleterious variants caused meiotic arrest in three patients (c.1360G>T, c.1956G>T, and c.685C>T) and hypospermatogenesis in one patient (c.94G>T), as further confirmed through immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The single-cell RNA sequencing data indicated that MCMDC2 was substantially expressed during spermatogenesis. The variants were confirmed as deleterious and responsible for patient infertility through bioinformatics and in vitro experimental analyses. The results revealed four MCMDC2 variants related to NOA, which contributes to the current perception of the function of MCMDC2 in male fertility and presents new perspectives on the genetic etiology of NOA.
Humans ; Male ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Meiosis/genetics* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Adult ; Exome Sequencing ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics* ; Alleles ; Infertility, Male/genetics*

Sepsis is a common critical illness in clinical practice,characterized by rapid progression and high mortality.Its complex pathogenesis remains a major focus and challenge in the field of critical care medicine.Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)is one of the most frequent and severe complications of sepsis,featuring systemic activation of the coagulation cascade and microthrombus formation,significantly increasing the mortality.Coagulation factorⅫ(FⅫ),a serine protease,is considered to have therapeutic potential for thrombosis without impairing normal hemostasis.Study reveal that neutrophil extracellular trap(NET),web-like DNA structures released through a unique process known as NETosis,provide negatively charged scaffolds that promote FⅫ binding and activation,thus triggering the intrinsic coagulation cascade and contributing to a hypercoagulable state.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to the interaction between NET and FⅫ in sepsis complicated with DIC.These 2 factors play central roles in intravascular thrombus formation and coagulation activation.Beyond their antimicrobial function,NET can aggravate tissue injury and coagulation abnormalities by releasing proinflammatory mediators such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),neutrophil elastase(NE),and reactive oxygen species(ROS).FⅫ activation can further trigger the kallikrein-kinin system(KKS)and activate FⅪ,amplifying inflammation and thrombosis in a vicious cycle.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a key component of Chinese medical heritage,has demonstrated unique advantages in managing sepsis and its complications.Based on therapeutic principles such as"strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors"and"tonifying qi and activating blood circulation",TCM is believed to regulate immune function and correct coagulation disorders,thereby interfering with the hypercoagulable state mediated by NET and FⅫ,slowing the progression of DIC,and improving clinical outcomes.Several herbs,including Salvia miltiorrhiza,Astragalus membranaceus,Rheum officinale,Ligusticum chuanxiong,and Curcuma longa,have shown anticoagulant,antiplatelet,and anti-inflammatory properties.In addition,compound formulations such as Xuebijing injection and Qingwen Baidu decoction have demonstrated clinical efficacy in improving coagulation parameters,reducing D-dimer levels,and protecting organ function.Although current evidence on the effects of TCM on NET formation and FⅫactivation is still limited,its potential mechanisms and clinical value warrant further investigation.This review summarizes the critical roles and interplay of FⅫand NET in sepsis complicated with DIC and discusses the advances in TCM-based interventions,aiming to provide new perspectives for mechanism-oriented research and integrative therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the correlation between blood biochemical indexes and blood pressure levels among college students in Kunming City.Methods In November 2021,a cluster sampling method was used to survey 4,781 college students at a university in Yunnan Province.Data collected included height,weight and blood pressure,and blood samples were collected for blood biochemical testing.The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the distribution differences of hypertension among college students with different demographic characteristics,while a generalized linear model was used to analyze the correlation between blood biochemical indicators and blood pressure levels.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension among college students was 8.45%(404/4 781).After adjusting confounding variables,blood glucose(GLU,β=1.48,95%CI:0.75～2.20)and serum Total Protein(TP,β=0.25,95%CI:0.19～0.32)were found to be correlated with systolic blood pressure(SBP)levels(all P<0.05);blood glucose(GLU,β=1.25,95%CI:0.64～1.86)and serum total protein(TP,β=0.28,95%CI:0.23～0.34)were correlated with diastolic blood pressure(DBP)level(P<0.05).Stratified group analysis by sex showed that,after controlling for confounding factors,TP(β=0.32,95%CI:0.18～0.45)was correlated with SBP levels in male students;TP(β=0.32,95%CI:0.21～0.43)was correlated with DBP levels in male students(P<0.05).GLU(β=2.18,95%CI:1.29～3.07)and TP(β=0.23,95%CI:0.15～0.31)were correlated with SBP levels in female students;GLU(β=1.48,95%CI:0.73～2.24)and TP(β=0.26,95%CI:0.20～0.33)were correlated with DBP levels in female students(all P<0.05).Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose and serum total protein level are correlated with blood pressure levels in female college students,while serum total protein level are correlated with blood pressure levels in male college students.

Objective To analyze the distribution of occupational hazard factors (OHFs) in key enterprises in Foshan City. Methods A total of 373 enterprises from 11 key industries in Foshan City in 2022 were selected as the research subjects using the purposive sampling method. Monitoring data of OHFs in workplaces were obtained and analyzed from the "Workplace Occupational Hazards Monitoring Information System" under "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". Results Among the 373 enterprises, small and micro-sized enterprises, and large and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 85.5% and 14.5% respectively. A total of 24 137 sampling points in the workplaces were monitored for OHFs, with the national standard compliance rate of 92.1%. Among different OHFs, the compliance rates ranked from highest to lowest were chemical agents, dust, and noise (98.0% vs 89.3% vs 52.0%, P<0.01). A total of 63 131 workers were employed in 373 enterprises, among whom 29 753 were exposed to OHFs, yielding an overall exposure rate of 47.1%. Exposure rates of OHFs by enterprise scale, from highest to lowest, were micro-sized, small-sized, medium-sized, and large-sized enterprises (69.2% vs 52.7% vs 47.3% vs 39.0%, P<0.01). The proportion of workers participated in occupational medical examination was 85.1%, with re-examination proportion of 62.5% and the abnormality detection rate of 2.1%. Conclusion In key enterprises in Foshan City, the risk of noise exposure is relatively high, and the exposure rate of OHFs is highest in micro-sized enterprises. The occupational health supervision and management department needs to strengthen the governance of noise hazards in a targeted manner and urge enterprises (especially micro-sized enterprises) to fulfill their primary responsibilities in occupational disease prevention and control.

A method for the pretreatment and qualitative detection of 26 trace cathinone new psychoactive substances in wastewater was established and applied in actual wastewater cases. The effluent samples were eluted on the Oasis PRiME HLB solid phase extraction column by ultra-pure water drenching and methanol solution, then dried with nitrogen at 40 ℃, and finally re-dissolved with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile solution (95∶5), and detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, The effluent sample was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode and separated on chromatographic column UPLC BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm） at 35 ℃ with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in aqueous solution gradient elution. After methodological validation, the lower quantification of 26 cathinone new psychoactive substances could reach 1.50−3.00 ng/L. Among these, 21 analytes fell within the concentration range of 1.50−375.0 ng/L, while 5 were detected in the range of 3.00−750.0 ng/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.99, within-and between-batch precision was less than 7.71% and 13.91%, respectively, and the extraction recoveries were higher than 92.64% . The method is simple, accurate, and sensitive, and can be used for cathinone detection and abuse monitoring.

Objective: To explore the network structure of eating behaviors with anxiety, depression and perceived stress in adolescents, so as to provide a basis for effective prevention and intervention of eating behavior problems and negative emotions in adolescents. Methods: Based on the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (2021) database, the study was conducted among 3 087 adolescents. Sakata Eating Behavior Scale Short From(EBS-SF) was used to investigate their eating behaviors. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 Item(GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Questionnaire-3 Item (PSQ-3) were used to evaluate their depression, anxiety and perceived stress. Network analysis method was applied to construct a network of eating behaviors and negative emotional symptoms among adolescents, so as to evaluate the centrality, bridge strength, stability and accuracy of each item. Results: The total scores of eating behaviors, depression,anxiety and stress perception in adolescents were 17.41±4.53,6.95±6.08,4.86±5.03,9.34±3.80,respectively. The symptom with the highest intensity and expected impact was "I am only satisfied when I buy more food than I need", with a node intensity and expected impact value of 4.37. The nodes Depression and Anxiety were the most closely connected(weight=0.87). There were no statistically significant differences in the network structure( M =0.13,0.11) and network connection strength(female and male:4.16,4.06, s =0.10;urban and rural areas:4.08,4.07, s =0.01) between different sexes and residents ( P >0.05). Conclusion The negative impact of comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, perceived stress and eating behaviors among adolescents can be reduced through targeted prevention and intervention of core symptoms and bridging symptoms.