Cerebrovascular disease is uncommon in patients with HIV, occurring in up to 1.9% of patients, 0.2% were presenting with transient ischemic attacks. The central nervous system is the first part of the body to be affected by the human immunodeficiency virus. This case report is a unique presentation of a 33-year-old male who presented with focal neurologic deficits that lasted for one hour with a background of promiscuous history. The patient was positive for HIV screening test and CD4 count and was started on a combination of antiretroviral therapy. This is the first documented case report in the Philippines. This case report demonstrates the need for a high index of suspicion for early detection of the cause in HIV-positive patients with recurrent transient ischemic attacks, given the high morbidity and mortality that is associated with this condition if delayed or undiagnosed.

We performed a revisionary open reduction and internal fixation for treating nonunion of the mid-shaft of the left clavicle with an autogenous cancellous bone graft. On postoperative day 4, the patient presented with neurologic deficits in the left upper extremity. We removed the implant and made a superior angulation to decompress the brachial plexus. At 6 months postoperatively, callus bridging and consolidation were visible and all hand and elbow functions were fully recovered. Our case suggests that brachial plexus neuropathy may be caused by stretching and compression after reduction and straightening of the nonunion site around adhesions or scar tissue. Therefore, care should be taken whether there are the risk factors that can cause brachial plexus neuropathy when revision surgery is performed for treating nonunion of a clavicle shaft fracture.
Bony Callus ; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies ; Brachial Plexus ; Cicatrix ; Clavicle ; Elbow ; Hand ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Risk Factors ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND: Although kidney transplantation outcomes have improved dramatically after using calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), CNI toxicity continues to be reported and the mechanism remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the neurotoxicity of CNIs by focusing on the viability of glioma cells.METHODS: Glioma cells were treated with several concentrations of CNIs for 24 hours at 37℃ and their cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.RESULTS: Exposure to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mM concentrations respectively showed 100%, 64.3%, 61.3%, 68.1%, 62.4%, and 68.6% cell viability for cyclosporine and 100%, 38.6%, 40.8%, 43.7%, 37.8%, and 43.0% for tacrolimus. The direct toxic effect of tacrolimus on glioma cell viability was stronger than that of cyclosporine at the same concentration.CONCLUSION: CNIs can cause neurological side effects by directly exerting cytotoxic effects on brain cells. Therefore, we should carefully monitor the neurologic symptoms and level of CNIs in kidney transplant patients.
Animals ; Brain ; Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Calcineurin ; Cell Survival ; Cyclosporine ; Glioma ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Rats ; Tacrolimus

Lying on the side while falling asleep deeply after drinking or taking a sleeping pill can cause compressive neuropathy. We report a 70-year-old male patient of medial cord of left brachial plexus injury (BPI) after deep sleep. The mechanism of the injury might be compression and stretching of brachial plexus. The electrodiagnostic study was performed and the medial cord lesion of BPI was suggested. The ultrasonography image of compression site revealed the nerve swelling of medial cord of brachial plexus and median nerve at the mid-arm level. Pharmacologic treatment including oral prednisolone and exercise training were prescribed. On 6 months after initial visit, neurologic symptom and pain were improved but mild sequelae was remained.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Brachial Plexus ; Deception ; Drinking ; Electrodiagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prednisolone ; Ultrasonography

Torticollis is an abnormal, asymmetric head or neck position which usually caused by imbalance of paracervical muscles. The traumatic torticollis can be caused by following events; atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, atlantoaxial dislocation, cervical vertebral fractures, and injury to the cervical musculature. Especially, acute traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation usually presents limitation of cervical range of motion without pain or neurologic deficit. We report a case of a 58 year-old man who developed the acute atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation right after the chiropractic therapy, which induced the limitation of cervical range of motion to 52.5% of normal range. The magnetic resonance image revealed the facture of the odontoid process and the partial injury in transverse ligaments of the atlas. He underwent intramuscular botulinum toxin injection and 10 days of continuous cervical traction 15 hours a day using a 5 kg weight. The range of the cervical motion restored up to 90.2% of normal range.
Atlanto-Axial Joint ; Botulinum Toxins ; Chiropractic ; Dislocations ; Head ; Ligaments ; Muscles ; Neck ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Odontoid Process ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Torticollis ; Traction

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that neurologic symptoms are dominant in patients with mitochondrial diseases, and most of these patients have seizure-related disorders. The epileptic classification of these patients as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is as high as 25%. This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, treatments, and epilepsy in LGS, which is associated with mitochondrial disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 372 patients who were diagnosed with mitochondrial disease between 2006 and 2016. Of these 372 patients, 40 patients diagnosed with LGS were selected, and they were classified into two groups based on the history of West syndrome. Patient characteristics were reviewed, and associations between clinical factors and outcomes after the treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of individuals with mitochondrial disease with LGS with a history of West syndrome was 32.5%. Among the patients with mitochondrial disease with LGS, neonatal seizure (p=0.029), seizure as the first symptom (p=0.018), and generalized paroxysmal fast activity frequency on electroencephalogram (p=0.018) in the group with a history of West syndrome were statistically significantly high. The first symptom onset (0.6±0.4 yrs vs. 1.6±0.9 yrs, p=0.003) and first seizure onset (0.9±0.7 yrs vs. 3.9±3.1 yrs, p < 0.001) were significantly faster in patients with a history of West syndrome. CONCLUSION: Close monitoring of the medical condition and early intervention might improve the prognosis of individuals with mitochondrial disease with LGS and a history of West syndrome.
Child ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mitochondrial Diseases* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Spasms, Infantile

No abstract available.
Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Nitrous Oxide*

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PURPOSE: The study was aimed at evaluating clinicoradiological factors affecting recovery of neurological deficits in cases of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) treated by lumbar microdiscectomy. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The majority of the available literature on neurological recovery following neurodeficit is limited to retrospective series. The literature is currently limited regarding variables that can help predict the recovery of neurodeficits following LDH. METHODS: A prospective analysis was performed on 70 consecutive patients who underwent lumbar microdiscectomy (L1–2 to L5–S1) owing to neurological deficits due to LDH. Patients with motor power ≤3/5 in L2–S1 myotomes were considered for analysis. Follow-up was performed at 2, 6, and 12 months to note recovery of motor deficits. Clinicoradiological parameters were compared between the recovered and nonrecovered groups. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients were available at the final follow-up: 41 (63%) had completely recovered by 2 months; four showed delayed recovery at the 6-month follow-up; and 20 (30.7%) showed no recovery at 1 year. Clinicoradiological factors, including diabetes, complete initial deficit, areflexia, multilevel disc prolapse, longer duration since initial symptoms, and ≥2 previous symptomatic episodes were associated with a significant risk of poorer recovery (p < 0.05 for all). Age, sex, occupation, smoking, level/type or location of disc herniation, primary canal stenosis, disc fragment dimensions, precipitating factors, bladder involvement, bilaterality of symptoms, and the presence or absence of anal reflex did not affect neurological recovery (p>0.05 for all). Diabetes mellitus (p=0.033) and complete initial motor deficit (p=0.028) were significantly associated with delayed recovery in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The overall neurological recovery rate in our study was 69%. Diabetes mellitus (p=0.033) and complete initial motor deficit were associated with delayed motor recovery.
Cohort Studies ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Occupations ; Precipitating Factors ; Prognosis ; Prolapse ; Prospective Studies ; Reflex ; Retrospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Urinary Bladder

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is commonly performed in patients with intracranial hypertension or brain edema due to traumatic brain injury. Infrequently, neurologic deteriorations accompanied by sunken scalp may occur after DC. We report two patients with traumatic subdural hemorrhage who had neurologic deteriorations accompanied by sunken scalp after DC. Neurologic function improved dramatically in both patients after cranioplasty. Monitoring for neurologic deterioration after craniectomy is advised. For patients showing neurologic deficit with a sunken scalp, early cranioplasty should be considered.
Brain Edema ; Brain Injuries ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Scalp ; Skin

Herein, we report a case of lung transplantation in a patient with profound preoperative hypercapnia, focusing on the cardiopulmonary bypass strategy used for brain perfusion during the operation. We applied the pH-stat method for acid-base regulation, and thereby achieved the desired outcome without any neurologic deficit.
Brain ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Lung Transplantation ; Lung ; Methods ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Perfusion