Background: Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by palmoplantar keratosis, aggressive periodontitis and premature edentulous primary and permanent dentition at a very young age. Additional symptoms and findings associated with PLS may include frequent pyogenic skin infections, abnormalities of the nails, and excessive perspiration. Case report The patient, who visited in the Central dental hospital was 3.6 years old. Pediatric dentist confirmed the diagnosis “PLS and chronic traumatic tongue ulcer” based on anamnesis and objective examination. Dental and tongue ulcer treatment was done once a week for 2 months. The recall system was carried out by 3 month intervals oral examination and 6 month intervals radiographic examinations under team of pediatric dentist, pediatrician and immunologist.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for 90-95% of oral cancer, arises from the uncontrolled and disordered growth of keratinocyte cells in the mucous of lip and oral cavity. It occupies 2-3% of all cancers and 38% of head and neck cancers. Aim: To study recurrence and prognosis of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma Materials and Мethods: Our study, based on retrospective cohort method was conducted from medical reports of 207 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cancer and at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Radio and Chemotherapy of the National Cancer Center of Mongolia between 2009-2019 years. All statistical analysis were carried out using STATA version 15.0 and we performed survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier method. All statistical tests were two sided, and P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences on June 08, 2021 (№ 2021/3-07). Results: A total of 207 oral cancer cases were registered during the study period. The most common site of oral cancer was the tongue (47.3%, 98/207). Of these, cases 69.4% (68) presented in males and 30.6% (30) in females. At the time of diagnosis, 77 patients (78.5%) were in late stage (III, IV) and 76 cases (77.6%) were well-differentiated. During the study period, 20 patients (20.4%) experienced tongue cancer recurrence; female patients (18.8%, 3/20) had significantly less chance of recurrence compared to men (81.2%, 17/20), (p=0.033). Patients over 61 years old had higher oral cancer recurrence than patients under 60 years, but there was no significant difference in age groups. 90.6% (18/20) of tongue cancer recurrence had with lymph node metastasis; compared to patients without lymph node metastasis (9.4%, 2/20), tongue cancer recurrence was significantly higher (p=0.025). And there was a statistical difference in tongue cancer recurrence percentage among clinical stages (p=0.003). Thirteen (69.4%) patients diagnosed in stage IV had oral cancer recurrence. Pathological grading, and tumor size did not significantly influence cancer recurrence. Conclusion 1. The gender, advanced stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with tongue cancer were significantly associated with the presence of tongue cancer recurrence. (p=0.033, p=0.025, p=0.003). 2. The 5-year survival rate for tongue cancer was the lowest among the oral cancer, which we consider to be due to factors such as late-stage diagnosis, and anatomical characteristics of tongue.

Velopharyngeal function: a comparison result of primary palatoplasty by various techniques Introduction: The main purpose of primary cleft palate repair is to reconstruct anatomical structure with minimal impairment of maxillary growth and normalize velopharyngeal function and feeding process. One of the most common complications after the primary cleft palate repair is velopharyngeal insufficiency, which leads to the subsequent surgery. The velopharyngeal function assessment characterizes speech development in children. Researches noted that velopharyngeal insufficiency causes in 5-86% after primary cleft palate repair. Therefore, it is essential to choose an adequate primary surgical method for each particular type of cleft palate. To compare velopharyngeal function using nasopharyngoscopy after primary CP repair Materials and methods: The patients who with congenital cleft palate and, underwent primary cleft palate repair in the Department of Maxillofacial surgery of the National Centre for Maternal and Child Health and had velopharyngeal function assessment were recruited to the study. Patients with wound dehiscence and oronasal fistula postoperatively were excluded from the study. Cleft palate was classified according to the Veau system and Golding-Kushner scale of nasopharyngoscopy was used to assess patient’s velopharyngeal function in order to associate with cleft types and the primary palatoplasty techniques. Pearson’s chi-squared analysis and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 335 patients were included in the study. The mean age at primary palate repair was 22.9±13.6 months. There were 56, 42, 177, and 60 patients with Veau-I type, Veau-II type, Veau-III type and Veau- IV type respectively, whereas for primary palatoplasty 65 patients underwent Furlow technique, 148 patients – Mongolian technique, 108 patients – Two flap technique, 34 patients – Von Langenbeck technique. Nasopharyngoscopy assessment of adequate velopharyngeal function was as followed as by “Furlow” technique in 89.4% cases, ”Mongolian” technique in 62.2% cases but by “Two flap” technique only in 48.1% and Von Langenbeck technique in 47.1% cases. Conclusions: The Furlow and Mongolian techniques were superior for maintaining velopharyngeal function after primary palatoplasty.

Radicular cysts are the most common inflammatory cysts and arise from the epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament as a result of periapical periodontitis following death and necrosis of the pulp. They are usually encountered in association with permanent teeth. However, occurrence in relation to deciduous teeth seems to be very rare. In this case, we presents treatment of radicular cyst associated with mandibular primary second molar following pulp therapy and discusses the relationship between pulp therapy and the growth of the cyst. The treatment consisted of decompression of the cyst sac, extraction of the involved primary tooth and 6 months follow up of the patient. Our purpose of the study was to evaluate the bone formation after the decompression and describe the benefit of this conservative surgical treatment. Case Report: A 7 years old girl, radiographic examination showed a large, circular, well-defined unilocular radiolucent area on the left mandible and impacted #34 and #35 which had incomplete roots and open apices. Signs of root resorption were evident in the adjacent teeth. Under local anesthesia, mandibular primary left first (#74) and second molars (#75) were extracted and decompression of the cyst was performed. A tissue sample was also taken for the biopsy. Conclusion: The follow-up was performed periodically under radiographic examinations and after 6 months the impacted teeth were at the position and new bone formation was evident at the former cyst site. This surgical technique preferred in young patients to promote the bone formation and encourage the eruption of permanent teeth.

Dentigerous cyst is the most common odontogenic development cyst. If the cyst reaches a large size (>2 cm in diameter), swelling, mild sensitivity, tooth mobility, and displacement may be observed. The classic treatment for dentigerous cysts is enucleation and extraction of the involved tooth. This case report presents follicular cyst of unerupted permanent tooth. Case Report: 11-year-old girl, radiographic examination showed a radiolucent area from the mandibular right first premolar to mandibular deciduous second molar. Intraorally there was expansion of the buccal cortex to 85, 44th tooth. The mucosa over the expansion was normal. On palpation was no tender. Due to the age of the patient and cyst size, enucleation of the lesion is decided. Under local anesthesia following strict aseptic conditions, a full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was raised, an ostectomy on the crestal bone was performed. The cyst was enucleated along with extraction of mandibular deciduous second molar. The flaps were placed in its original position and sutured. Cyst was sent for histopathological examination. The follow-up was performed periodically under radiographic examinations during 8 months and it was observed successful regeneration of bone.

Background Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and recurrence is an important prognostic factor in patients with OSCC, and takes around 85-90% of all Oral Cancers and may affect any anatomical site in the mouth. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma has a low survival rate, 34 to 66% five-year survival after initial diagnosis, due to late diagnosis. Despite surgery, radiation and chemotherapy singularly or in combination, the fiveyear survival rate is poor, ultimately recurs in 25-48% of cases. Local and regional recurrences remain the most frequent recurrence types in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and its incidence depends mainly on the site of the tumor, clinical stage and pathologic characteristics. Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively all the oral squamous cell carcinoma cases, treated surgically in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea from 1991 until 2013 and clinicopathological characteristics that affect recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Result Total 308 patients with OSCC were found on medical records and selected 67 patients, 51 males and 16 females, mean age 56.7 years (range 19-76 years) diagnosed with recurrence of OSCC. Recurrence occurred at a median time of 1.8 years after the initial treatment, and more in male 51pts (16.6%), over the 60 (38%) year old than a female 16pts (5.2%). Status of nodal involvement, resection margin, perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion were identified as factor influencing recurrence of OSCC. Conclusion It is preventable, when may benefit from more radical surgery extended to selective or radical cervical lymph node dissection and more intensive surveillance during follow up and surgery, free flap application with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the best option for improving the recurrence of the cancer and total survival times of patients.