Evaluation of the Impact of Enhanced Primary Health Care Intervention Programme in Malaysia: A Repeat Cross-sectional Pre-Post Quasi Experimental Study Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCD) lead to substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. Malaysia is currently experiencing an epidemic of NCDs. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) intervention in reducing the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension, and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia as well as NCD risk factors in the population after about one year of intervention. Methodology This is a repeat cross-sectional pre-post quasi-experimental study comparing intervention and control groups. The target population included adults aged 30 years and above living within the 40 selected clinics' catchment areas for at least six months. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and clinical assessments. A difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was used to determine the effect of the EnPHC intervention. Results The percentage of the population screened for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia increased from the baseline status by 8.7%, 9.9%, and 9.2%, respectively. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia decreased from the baseline status by 17.6% and 13.7% compared to the control group. However, the EnPHC intervention did not affect the prevalence of overweight, obesity and smoking. Conclusion The EnPHC intervention contributed to the reduction in the prevalence of undiagnosed NCDs. A more extended period of intervention would be required to show the effect on NCD risk factors. Further strengthening of the intervention would be needed for implementation in other localities

​An Analysis of a Survey Questionnaire on health care workers’ knowledge and practices regarding of infection control and complains them to apply universal precautions. Health care workers are at substantial risk of acquiring blood borne pathogen infections through exposure to blood or other products of patients. To assess of infection control among health care workers in Sana'a healthcare centers, Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the health center to assess knowledge and practices regarding of infection control among 237 health workers in Sana,a city. A structured self-administered questionnaires were used and data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and the associations were tested with chi-square, with p-value of < 0.05. The health care workers in public centers ware (51.1%) and (48.9%) of them works in private centers. One hundred and seventeen (49.4%) respondents had poor infection control knowledge, 113 (43.5%) had fair knowledge, and 17 (7.2%) had good knowledge. The knowledge was significantly associated with type of center (P < 0.018), such that the public center had the highest proportion with poor knowledge. And nurses and midwife having the highest proportion with fair knowledge of infection control. Eight (3.4%) respondents had a poor practice of universal precautions, 93 (39.2%) had fair practice, and 136 (57.4%) good practice. The practice was significantly associated with the profession, level of education and work experience (P < 0.001), (P < 0.006), (P < 0.001) respectively, and nurses and midwives as the profession with the highest proportion with good practice. We conclude that the practices and knowledge of universal precautions were low and that's need for intensive programmes to educate health care workers on various aspects of standard precautions and infection control programmes and policies.