BACKGROUND : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness. However, Indonesia lacks a comprehensive screening program. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted screening in primary health care (PHC) is a promising solution. Patient satisfaction is crucial for ensuring the participation and sustainability of such programs. This study aimed to adapt Indonesian version of evaluate client satisfaction questionnaire-18 (CSQ-18) and evaluate its acceptability. METHODS : This study was conducted from August 5–29, 2024 at 2 public PHCs in Jakarta. Patients with diabetes underwent DR screening, which included fundus photography and an AI-based grading system (RADR). Referable cases were graded secondarily by ophthalmologists. Satisfaction was assessed from November 10–20, 2024 using the Indonesian-translated CSQ-18, adapted through forward-backward translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, validity was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation, and satisfaction scores were summarized as descriptive statistics. RESULTS : Of 300 selected participants, 216 completed telephone or in-person interviews. The Indonesian CSQ-18 demonstrated a strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.886). All items showed acceptable item-total correlations. The mean (SD) satisfaction score was 60.19 (5.50) of 72, with a median of 59, indicating high patient satisfaction. Most participants expressed positive perceptions of screening duration, accessibility, and provider competence, although awareness-related items scored slightly lower. Potential interviewer bias and nonresponse may have affected the findings. CONCLUSIONS The Indonesian CSQ-18 is a reliable tool for assessing patient satisfaction with DR screening. These findings confirm the feasibility and acceptability of AI-assisted DR screening at the PHC level, supporting its potential for broader implementation in Indonesia.
artificial intelligence ; diabetic retinopathy ; patient satisfaction ; primary health care ; surveys and questionnaires

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype of three most associated SNP with nAMD of 80 patients in Indonesia. Methods: All patients underwent standard ophthalmic tests including fundoscopy and optical coherence tomography. Genomic DNA was extracted using commercially available DNA isolation kits. Genotyping of rs11200638, rs1061170 and del443ins54 used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. The acquired genotype data were analyzed using Haploview and R package software. Results: Linkage Disequilibrium analyses showed high LD value in the 10q26 region of 80 patients with AMD and 85 controls. The PCR-RFLP showed TTA was the most frequent haplotype while GTG was the most associated haplotype in the study sample. Conclusion: There was a high LD in the 10q26 region and strong association in GTG haplotype of Indonesian patients with AMD.