Modified Initial Era Checklist for Screening Ergonomics Risk Factors in Diagnosing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Introduction Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are known to affect a diverse range of occupations around the world. One major factor for their occurrence is the presence of ergonomics risk factors in the workplace; as such, steps to minimize WRMSDs in Malaysia include the development of the Initial Ergonomics Risk Assessment (ERA) checklist for on-site assessors. The checklist, however, may not be useful for medical doctors who diagnose WRMSDs in hospitals or clinics. Moreover, there is no tool to assist medical doctors in considering the role of ergonomics risk factors when diagnosing WRMSDs, which can hamper the overall management of occupational diseases. This study was therefore carried out to modify the Initial ERA checklist so that medical doctors can use it to consider the role of ergonomics risk factors when diagnosing WRMSDs. Methods In Phase I, document analysis was performed to construct the tool by integrating elements that were relevant for use in hospitals or clinics from the Initial ERA checklist and similar tools published overseas. In Phase II, the tool was reviewed by medical doctors and nurses and was found to have excellent content validity (I-CVI = 1.00). In Phase III, the tool underwent further improvement after trailing its application in two role-play sessions involving various healthcare professionals. Results The resulting Modified Initial ERA Checklist can assist medical doctors screen for various ergonomics risk factors when diagnosing WRMSDs in hospitals or clinics. Conclusions Future studies could further examine its application in the field to validate its actual use in hospitals or clinics

Introduction: Numerous factors contributed to the susceptibility of university students to develop mental health issues. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health problems among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) students and their relationships with diet quality and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 students. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess students’ depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (M-HEI) was used to assess diet quality. Spearman Rho was used to determine the relationships between variables. Results: Approximately 69.4% (n = 34), 71.4% (n = 35), and 48.9% (n = 34) of male students experienced moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In contrast, 85.4% (n = 47), 89.1% (n = 49), and 54.6% (n = 30) of female students had moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. No correlations were found between diet quality and BMI with students’ mental health problems. For male students, there were negative significant associations reported between fat-rich foods (r = -0.447, p-value = 0.001) and sugar-rich foods (r = -0.332, p-value = 0.020) intake with depression; a positive significant relationship between fruit intake and anxiety (r = 0.284, p-value = 0.048); a positive relationship between fruit intake and stress (r = 0.300, p-value = 0.036); and a negative relationship between fat-rich foods and stress (r = -0.293, p-value = 0.041). Female students only had a significant negative correlation between fish intake and anxiety (r = -0.376, p-value = 0.005). Conclusion: No associations were found between diet quality, BMI, and mental health problems. A more profound comprehension of the connections between risk factors and mental health could lead to new intervention strategies.