Introduction: The disregard for hip flexion force when designing foot-operated equipment poses a potential threat to non-compliance with ergonomics principles, ultimately impacting occupational health. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable lack of studies focusing on the hip flexion strength of Malaysian adults in a standing position. This paper aimed to measure the maximum force of hip flexion strength and formulate a regression model for Malaysian young adults in a standing posture. Materials and methods: The experiment invited sixty Malaysian adults aged 20 to 26 years old. A digital force gauge (Mark-10, USA) was used to measure the hip flexion force. A regression model was developed to determine the influence of gender, body mass, body height, thigh length, and thigh circumference on the hip flexion force. Results: The results of this study found that the means of hip flexion force for the male and female participants were 192.8 N and 126.0 N, respectively. The regression model concluded that gender is the most significant factor influencing hip flexion force (p<0.01). The body mass, body height, thigh length, and thigh circumference positively correlate to hip flexion force. However, these correlations were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the relationship between anthropometric parameters and hip flexion force is not always straightforward and can be influenced by various factors. To gain a more comprehensive picture of hip flexion, it is essential to consider other potential factors such as muscle mass, neuromuscular control, and joint mechanics.

Environmental Factors Contributing to Stunting among Under Six Years Old Children: A Scoping Review IntroductionStunting among young children is a serious public health issue worldwide. Stunting is also one of the major risk factors for poor physical and mental development of these children. It is known that children’s health and wellbeing are a result of exposure to unhealthy environment and a lack of stimulating activities especially in the low- and middle-income countries ultimately leading to the increase in the number of stunted children. This scoping review aims to identify environmental factors that contribute to stunting less than six years old children.MethodsIn this review, PRISMA-ScR checklist to search Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. We included all original articles published between 2018 and 2022 and written in the English Language using combination of primary keyword (child*) and its MeSH and synonyms for population, and two secondary keywords (environ*) for exposure and (stunt*) for outcome as searching strategy. By using PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, 65 articles were reviewed and finally 25 eligible studies were included.ResultsThe included studies showed that lack of cleanwater access, poor sanitation, and poor hygiene practice were associated with higher risk of stunting among these children. Improper solid waste management, area of residence and type of housing, poor quality of cooking fuels and poor air quality, presence of intestinal parasitic infection and increased blood lead levels, were also noted as potential environmental factors that affect stunting.ConclusionsInvestment in infrastructure to provide safe and clean water and adequate sanitation facilities in communities with expanded health promotion activities focusing on hygiene practices and waste management may thus stunting and improve children’s health outcome.

Kimia Obesogen dan Obesiti Kanak-kanak sebagai Ancaman Kesihatan Awam: Satu Ulasan Naratif PengenalanObesiti dalam kalangan kanak-kanak ialah isu kesihatan global yang semakin meningkat dengan prevalens yang tinggi, termasuk di Malaysia. Faktor persekitaran seperti pendedahan kepada bahan kimia obesogen dipercayai menyumbang kepada peningkatan risiko obesiti. Ulasan naratif ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara bahan kimia obesogenik dan obesiti kanak-kanak secara mendalam bagi menyokong pembangunan strategi pencegahan yang lebih berkesan.MetodologiUlasan naratif ini dijalankan menggunakan pangkalan data PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, dan Scopus untuk menyiasat hubungan antara bahan kimia obesogenik dan obesiti kanak-kanak. Kata kunci yang relevan digunakan untuk mengenal pasti artikel yang memenuhi skop kajian. Artikel tambahan diperoleh melalui rujukan silang daripada artikel yang dipilih dalam carian awal.Hasil KajianObesogen ialah bahan kimia eksogen yang mengganggu fungsi metabolik, mempromosikan pengumpulan lemak, dan meningkatkan risiko obesiti dalam kalangan kanak-kanak, terutamanya melalui mekanisme seperti gangguan adipogenesis, penurunan kadar metabolik basal, dan perubahan kawalan selera makan. Kajian menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara pendedahan pranatal kepada bahan kimia seperti phthalate dan PFAS dengan peningkatan indeks jisim badan (BMI) dan risiko obesiti kanak-kanak. Kajian eksperimen turut mengesahkan bahawa obesogen seperti BPA dan phthalate mempromosikan adipogenesis dan gangguan metabolik dalam model haiwan dan sel manusia, memberikan bukti kukuh tentang peranan obesogen terhadap obesiti kanak-kanak.KesimpulanPendedahan kepada obesogen kimia memberi kesan negatif terhadap obesiti kanak-kanak. Oleh itu, tindakan segera melalui kawalan bahan kimia dan pendidikan awam amat diperlukan. Penyelidikan lanjutan dan perubahan polisi global juga perlu dilaksanakan bagi memastikan masa depan yang lebih sihat untuk generasi akan datang.

Impact of Compensation on Job Satisfaction Among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review Introduction Job satisfaction among healthcare workers is crucial for workforce retention, organizational stability, and healthcare delivery. Compensation, including salary, incentives, and fringe benefits, is a key driver of job satisfaction. This systematic review examines the impact of compensation on the job satisfaction of healthcare workers, providing actionable insights for improving healthcare organizations. Methods This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies published between 2015 and January 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on research examining the relationship between compensation and job satisfaction among healthcare workers. 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted, synthesized, and analyzed to identify themes related to compensation and job satisfaction. Results The review identified compensation as a key predictor of job satisfaction among healthcare workers. Despite its significance, widespread dissatisfaction and low satisfaction with compensation were reported across studies. Salary emerged as a critical factor, influencing satisfaction through its role in recognition of value and perceived equity. Incentives, particularly performance-based financing, demonstrated the potential to improve satisfaction by linking monetary rewards to performance metrics, although their effectiveness depended on robust organizational support. Fringe benefits, particularly opportunities for professional development, were found to enhance job satisfaction. Geographic and occupational differences were observed, with higher dissatisfaction in resource-limited settings and variations by location, nationality, and role. These findings highlight the multifaceted impact of compensation on satisfaction. Conclusions Equitable compensation strategies must address salary, incentives, and fringe benefits. Regular evaluations, stakeholder engagement, and benchmarking against sector standards are essential steps to enhance job satisfaction, retention, and care quality across diverse healthcare settings.

Introduction: The industrial park in the district of Parit Raja, Batu Pahat resulted in rapid growth of the town during the last 20 years and has been a reason of concern that this park also has contributed greatly to the problem of air pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between industrial air pollution and respiratory symptoms in adults living in the Parit Raja. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was undertaken among residents in the district of Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 110 residents aged between 19 and 65 years were randomly selected and information on personal characteristics and respiratory symptoms was obtained through a validated questionnaire. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was compared between residents recruited from the areas situated about 5km radius of the industrial park (exposed) and >5km radius from the industrial park (comparative). Results: A total of 34.5% and 25.5% of adults from the exposed group reported experiencing coughing for the last 3 months and chest tightness for the last 3 years. The logistic regression models showed that symptoms of coughing was associated with the exposed group (aOR=6.34, 95% CI=2.08-19.35), male respondents (aOR=3.18, 95% CI=1.10-9.16) and who stay in Part Raja for more than 14 years (aOR=3.16, 95% CI=1.14-8.79). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that long-term air pollution exposures are consistently associated with respiratory symptoms in residents living in the proximity of industrial parks. Therefore, public health initiatives that aim to provide more conducive environment are needed, especially for residents living near industrial parks.

and Relevance: This review highlights the list of parasites infecting rodents in Malaysia, provides information on the molecular and pathological findings from previous studies, and identifies some of the limitations and knowledge gaps that suggest future research to address the issues, including the paucity of information on blood parasites, molecular, and histopathological studies of parasites in rodents.

and Relevance: This review highlights the list of parasites infecting rodents in Malaysia, provides information on the molecular and pathological findings from previous studies, and identifies some of the limitations and knowledge gaps that suggest future research to address the issues, including the paucity of information on blood parasites, molecular, and histopathological studies of parasites in rodents.

and Relevance: This review highlights the list of parasites infecting rodents in Malaysia, provides information on the molecular and pathological findings from previous studies, and identifies some of the limitations and knowledge gaps that suggest future research to address the issues, including the paucity of information on blood parasites, molecular, and histopathological studies of parasites in rodents.

and Relevance: This review highlights the list of parasites infecting rodents in Malaysia, provides information on the molecular and pathological findings from previous studies, and identifies some of the limitations and knowledge gaps that suggest future research to address the issues, including the paucity of information on blood parasites, molecular, and histopathological studies of parasites in rodents.