1.Determinants of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Among Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Case-Control Study Protocol
Shazana Rifham Abdullah ; Nur Zati Iwani Ahmad Kamil ; Siti Sarah Hamzah ; Norhashimah Abu Seman ; Farah Huda Mohkiar ; Nur Azlin Zainal Abidin ; Ezarul Faradianna Lokman ; Azahadi Omar ; Liyana Ahmad Zamri ; Fatin Saparuddin ; Syarifah Nortasya Sayed Muhamad Kamarudin ; Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat Kamaruddin ; B. Vimala A/P R.M.T. Balasubramaniam ; Fazliana Mansor ; Nur Azurah Abdul Ghani ; Abqariyah Yahya ; Rahima Dahlan @Mohd Shafie ; Ahmad Ali Zainuddin ; Kimberly Yuin Y&rsquo ; ng Wong ; Janet Yeow Hua Hong ; Nik Sumayyah Nik Mhd Nor ; Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh ; Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2026;41(S1):61-
Introduction:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex
endocrine disorder that significantly affects adolescent
girls, particularly those with overweight or obesity.
However, data examining the determinants and metabolic
profiles of PCOS among adolescents with overweight
and obesity remain limited, especially in Malaysia. This
protocol describes a case-control study investigating the
cardiometabolic, dietary, and psychosocial determinants of
PCOS among adolescents with overweight and obesity.
Methodology:
This study is designed as a case-control study involving
adolescent girls aged 13–16 years with a body mass
index z-score >+1 standard deviation. Cases are defined as adolescent girls with a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS
based on the recommendations of the 2017 International
Consortium of Paediatric Endocrinology (ICPE), while
controls are those who do not meet the diagnostic criteria
for PCOS. A total sample size of 440 participants is required.
Participants will be recruited from 22 secondary schools
selected from a list of schools in Kuala Lumpur. Data on
sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial health,
physical activity, and dietary intake will be collected using
structured questionnaires. Blood samples will be obtained
and analyzed for diagnostic testing (free testosterone),
exclusion tests (thyroid-stimulating hormone, folliclestimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol,
prolactin, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), and
biochemical parameters (liver function tests, lipid profile,
hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and
inflammatory markers).
Results:
The study is expected to generate comprehensive data on
the cardiometabolic, dietary, and psychosocial determinants of PCOS among adolescents with overweight and
obesity. The findings will inform early screening strategies
and targeted interventions aimed at reducing long-term
reproductive and cardiometabolic complications.
Conclusion
This protocol outlines a structured approach to investigating PCOS in adolescence and addresses current gaps
in early identification and risk stratification among highrisk populations.
Adolescent
;
Humans
;
Case-Control Studies
;
Overweight
;
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
;
Obesity
Result Analysis
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