Background: Sinonasal malignancies are a rare group of head and neck cancers. We aimed to report the oncological outcomes based on histological types in patients who underwent radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution study, we retrospectively retrieved and analyzed data of patients with sinonasal carcinomas who underwent radiotherapy during 2011–2016 as part of their treatment. The 3-year rate of local, regional, and distant recurrences, and overall survival were evaluated according to the histological type. Results: A total of 28 patients were evaluated in this study, the majority of whom were male (60%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC) were found in 15 patients (53.5%), 8 (28.5%), and 5 (18%), respectively. The highest rates of local and regional recurrences were observed in ACC and SCC, respectively. Distant recurrences were numerically more common in ADC. The 3-year OS was 48%, 50%, and 73% in SCC, ADC, and ACC, respectively. Conclusion Different histopathologies of sinonasal cancer seem to have different patterns of failure, and this may be considered in the treatment approach.

OBJECTIVE: Some epidemic diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused many physical, psychological, and social challenges, despite the existence of treatment strategies. Many people are looking for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to prevent such diseases. The present study was performed to determine how some types of CAM were being used during the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. METHODS: The present study had a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. All Iranian residents above 17 years old were eligible to participate in the study. A total of 782 participants completed a demographic information questionnaire, a questionnaire about their use of CAMs and a questionnaire about their satisfaction with the CAMs they used. Web-based sampling was conducted from 20 April 2020 to 20 August 2020. RESULTS: Of the participants, 84% used at least one type of CAM during the COVID-19 outbreak. The most used CAMs were dietary supplements (61.3%), prayer (57.9%), and herbal medicines (48.8%). The majority of the participants (50%-66%) have used CAMs to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 or to reduce anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. CAM use was associated with sex, having children, place of residence, COVID-19 status, and source of gathering information about CAM (P < 0.05). All 32 participants who had been infected with COVID-19 used at least one type of CAM for treatment or alleviation of the disease symptoms. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 outbreak, some types of CAM, particularly nutritional supplements, medicinal herbs, and prayer, were commonly used to prevent COVID-19 and reduce pandemic-related anxiety.
Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Complementary Therapies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Iran ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background and aim Cholestasis-associated renal injury or cholemic nephropathy (CN) is a serious clinical problem. Previous studies mentioned that oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment play a role in CN. There is no specific pharmacological intervention for CN. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug administered for decades. On the other hand, novel pharmacological properties have emerged for this drug. The effect of metformin on oxidative stress parameters has been well-recognized in different experimental models. It has also been found that metformin positively affected mitochondrial function. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin in an animal model of CN. Methods Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and were treated with metformin (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. Two weeks after the BDL operations, urine, serum, and kidney samples were collected and analyzed. Results Markers of oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, depleted antioxidant capacity, and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels were detected in BDL animals. Moreover, mitochondrial indices, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial permeability, were impaired in the kidney of cholestatic rats. Renal histopathological alterations in cholestatic animals included tubular degeneration and interstitial inflammation, cast formation, and fibrosis. It was found that metformin significantly alleviated oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial indices in the kidney of cholestatic rats. Tissue histopathological alterations were also mitigated in metformin-treated groups. Conclusions Metformin could be a candidate for managing CN. The nephroprotective role of metformin is primarily associated with its effects on oxidative stress parameters and mitochondrial function.

Background and aim The liver is the primary organ affected by cholestasis, and complications such as renal injury, renal failure, and the need for renal transplantation are associated with cholestatic liver disease. There is substantial evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial impairment are fundamental mechanisms underlying cholestasis-induced hepatic and renal injury. Edaravone (EDV) is a potent radical scavenger and antioxidant that may prevent oxidative stress and improve impaired mitochondrial function in various diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of action of EDV on hepatic and renal injury in an animal model of cholestasis. Methods Rats subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) were treated with EDV 1 or 10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the liver and kidney were assessed in EDV-treated and untreated rats with cholestasis. Results Significant increases in tissue ROS level, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidized glutathione level were detected in rats subjected to BDL. Additionally, significant decreases in tissue glutathione level and antioxidant capacity were observed in the hepatic and renal tissues of rats with cholestasis. Markers of mitochondrial impairment, including mitochondrial depolarization, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial permeabilization, depleted adenosine triphosphate content, and decreased dehydrogenase activity, were also detected in rats subjected to BDL. Furthermore, portal inflammation, necrosis, and tissue fibrosis were detected in the liver and significant tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation, as well as fibrotic lesions, were detected in the kidneys of rats with cholestasis. EDV treatment significantly mitigated cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. Conclusions The antioxidative properties of EDV and its positive effects on the indices of mitochondrial function may be critical factors contributing to protection against cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury.

Introduction: Organizational commitment is manifested in the forms of taking pride in organization, enhanced motivation for engaging in organizational duties, staying at organization for a longer time and knowing organization as a valuable organization. So decreased organizational commitment among medical staff led researchers to investigate the organizational commitment of CCUs in Mazandaran Heart Center. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in teaching hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Heart Center. Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment questionnaire was used to collect data from 90 nurses selected by census from CCU nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Of studied cases, 19 (18.9%) were male and 73 (81.1%) were female with a mean age of 7.25±34.4. Among age, job experience and work hour variables, only age and job experience were considered to be significant. Conclusions: Supervisors and managers should promote nurses' organizational commitment through giving facilities and rewards.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in nursing are regarded as an important factor for creating tension since they may often cause discontent, leave profession, and provide incorrect services to their clients. The present study aimed to determine WMSDs and their related factors among the nursing staff in university hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Methods: In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 nurses in SUMS were selected based on systematic random sampling. To this aim, demographic information, and Nordic musculoskeletal disorder questionnaires were used for data collection. The data were analysed by descriptive and analytical tests (mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, and ANOVA) by SPSS/21 software. Results: Based on the findings of WMSDs, low back disorders (88.33%) were more prevalent. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between WMSDs in different areas of the body with age, sex, and work experience and hours (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of WMSDs among nurses, it is recommended to adopt interventional program for preventing WMSDs by reducing working hours and physical pressure control.

Caesarean section without medical indication imposes many problems to families, personnel and medical equipment causing some side effects to pregnant woman and foetus, compared to natural childbirth. The present study aimed to evaluate the interventions in reducing caesarean section in the world. This study was a systematic review using Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Magiran and SID databases and grey literature. All studies conducted during 2000–2018 were reviewed and finally the studies with inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. A total of 19 studies were selected among 5,559 studies. The interventions conducted for reducing caesarean section included training the specialists and women by using Six Sigma method, changing the guidelines, reviewing the definition of natural childbirth various stages, encouraging the natural childbirth and expanding painless childbirth. All interventions were divided into educational strategy and managerial strategy. The interventions can be implemented to change the behaviour of physicians and attitude of pregnant women in order to reduce caesarean section. In this regard, the authorities are recommended to make more efforts.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted with the aim of examines the quality of life of infertile couples and their relationship with the practical resilience of infertile couples referring to Yazd's centers of infertility. METHODS: This research is a descriptive-correlational study. The research population consisted of all infertile couples who referred to Infertility Centers in Yazd, Iran in the winter of 2016. Sampling was conducted in a non-random and accessible manner. The instrument used in the research included a) demographic information questionnaire, b) Conner and Davidson's Resilience Scale, and c) quality of life infertile couples questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 at a significant level of P < 0.05. To describe the data, descriptive statistics methods were used and the inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, independent t test, and variance analysis) were used to test the research hypotheses. RESULTS: People (202 couples) participated in this research. Three variables of resilience (β = 0.04, P = 0.04), gender (β = −0.22, P < 0.001), and education level (β = 0.21, P < 0.001) had a prediction coefficient and there was a significant relationship with quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that resilience, gender, and education predict the quality of life of infertile couples. In the infertile couples counseling program, resilience should be considered as a coping factor.
Counseling ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Infertility ; Iran ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to compare the quality of life of elderly menopause living in urban/rural areas of Abadeh, Iran. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 urban and 68 rural elderly population using the two-stage (systematic random classification) and objective-based sampling methods. Data were collected by Leiden-Padua questionnaire for assessment of quality of life in elderly menopause. SPSS software (version 21) and descriptive-analytical tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the overall quality of life was 37.5 and 34.2 in rural and urban areas, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was observed between them. However, there was statistically significant difference in the mean score of depression and anxiety, cognitive function, social function, life satisfaction, and sexual activity in urban and rural elderly menopause (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It seems necessary to pay more attention to the elderly menopause to improve their quality of life and consider proper planning for their empowerment and coping skills training.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Aged ; Anxiety ; Cognition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; Menopause ; Power (Psychology) ; Quality of Life ; Rural Population ; Sexual Behavior ; Statistics as Topic ; Urban Population

The purpose of this review study is to evaluate sexual function and its effective factors in menopause. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words of “menopause,” “postmenopause,” “postmenopausal,” “premenopause,” “pre-menopausal period,” “sexual function,” “sexual health,” “sexuality,” “sexual and gender disorders,” “sexual development,” “sexual dysfunction,” “sexual disorders,” “sexual behavior and “sexual activity” were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. After reviewing the selected articles, 27 papers were selected based on the criteria for entering the study and the goals set. The results of the reviewed articles showed that, in the physical domain, the factors affecting sexual function can be mentioned, age, hormonal changes, medical problems and reproductive history. Sexual disorders in menopause can be affected by some of the individual and social characteristics and psychological problems. Considering the fact that many psychological and social injuries occur in this period following sexual disorders; therefore, policies and programs for improving the quality of life of women in menopause should be aimed at eliminating sexual dysfunction, correcting attitudes and negative emotions and help to women for more comfortable in menopause.
Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Quality of Life ; Reproductive Health ; Reproductive History ; Sexual Behavior ; Sociological Factors