Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory systemic disease in dermatology. Its high prevalence， recurrence rate， and numerous comorbidities impose a significant physical and mental burden on patients. With the continuous advancement of modern medicine， the emergence of biological agents has improved clinical efficacy， making it possible to overcome psoriasis， in addition to classical treatments. However， in clinical practice， adverse reactions， drug resistance， recurrence rates， and immune drift cannot be ignored. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a history of thousands of years in treating psoriasis， demonstrating good efficacy， high safety， and a low recurrence rate， but a standardized management system is lacking. Therefore， the 25^th Clinical Diseases Responding Specially to TCM Treatment Series （Psoriasis） Youth Salon， hosted by the Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine and organized by the Youth Committee of the Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine， invited 29 experts and scholars from TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields to actively discuss the "Advantages， Challenges， and Clinical Transformation of TCM and Western Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Psoriasis". The experts at the meeting concluded that the advantages of TCM in the treatment of psoriasis are as follows. Firstly， in the TCM-led treatment plan， TCM's understanding of psoriasis follows the principle of combining the differentiation of disease and syndrome. This approach distinguishes the basic contradiction from the current main contradiction and enables a clear grasp of the dynamic process of psoriasis development. Based on the system of syndrome differentiation and treatment， TCM intervention is applied to address the current main contradiction， and the optimal TCM treatment plan is formulated by combining internal and external treatments. Adhering to the principle of "what is visible outside must be addressed inside"， TCM can prevent and treat psoriasis comorbidities early by differentiating syndrome types. Secondly， in the integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment plan， the combination of both methods not only enhances efficacy but also reduces the adverse reactions of immunosuppressants and biological agents， lowering the recurrence rate. This conference provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis using TCM and integrated TCM and Western medicine， opening up new ideas for clinical and basic research and guiding future research directions.

The lacrimal gland organoids are innovative in vitro cultured tissue model that mimics the lacrimal gland, retaining its original histological and molecular biological properties. This model can more accurately reproduce the physiological environment of the lacrimal gland, including its ductal system and tear film protein secretion. It offers a new platform for studying the physiopathological basis of the lacrimal gland, establishing disease models, conducting regenerative medicine applications, and performing drug screening. Currently, organoids technology is continuously evolving, with ongoing updates to the methods for in vitro culturing of the lacrimal gland. These advancements gradually address challenges related to cultivation complexity, cost, and time, demonstrating a wide range of application potential. In this paper, we summarize the latest progress in lacrimal gland organoids research both domestically and internationally, exploring the development of lacrimal gland organoids, 3D construction technologies, and their potential for clinical applications, in order to provide new insights for clinical research on lacrimal gland-related diseases and to promote broader application of lacrimal gland organoids in drug development and personalized diagnosis and treatment.

The lacrimal gland organoids are innovative in vitro cultured tissue model that mimics the lacrimal gland, retaining its original histological and molecular biological properties. This model can more accurately reproduce the physiological environment of the lacrimal gland, including its ductal system and tear film protein secretion. It offers a new platform for studying the physiopathological basis of the lacrimal gland, establishing disease models, conducting regenerative medicine applications, and performing drug screening. Currently, organoids technology is continuously evolving, with ongoing updates to the methods for in vitro culturing of the lacrimal gland. These advancements gradually address challenges related to cultivation complexity, cost, and time, demonstrating a wide range of application potential. In this paper, we summarize the latest progress in lacrimal gland organoids research both domestically and internationally, exploring the development of lacrimal gland organoids, 3D construction technologies, and their potential for clinical applications, in order to provide new insights for clinical research on lacrimal gland-related diseases and to promote broader application of lacrimal gland organoids in drug development and personalized diagnosis and treatment.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a difficult and critical disease with rapid progression and limited treatment methods in the field of liver disease， and it is urgently needed to make breakthroughs in its pathogenesis. Selection of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies is of great importance in delaying disease progression and reducing the incidence and mortality rates. This article reviews the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis” and related prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy in traditional Chinese medicine/Zhuang medicine， proposes a new theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， analyzes the scientific connotations of “turbid”， “toxin”， and the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， and constructs the “four-step” prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy， thereby establishing the new clinical prevention and treatment regimen for hepatic encephalopathy represented by “four prescriptions and two techniques” and clarifying the effect mechanism and biological basis of core prescriptions and techniques in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy， in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

Background Light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) has become a popular choice in prediction models due to its high efficiency and speed. However, the "black box" issues in machine learning models lead to poor model interpretability. At present, few studies have evaluated the severity of occupational injuries from the perspective of LightGBM model and model interpretability. Objective To evaluate the application value of LightGBM models and model interpretability methods in occupational injury prediction. Methods The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) occupational injury data set of mining industry workers from 1983 to 2022 was used. Injury severity (death/fatal occupational injury and permanent/partial disability) was used as the outcome variable, and the predictor variables included the month of occurrence, age, sex, time of accident, time since beginning of shift, accident time interval from shift start, total experience, total mining experience, experience at this mine, cause of injury, accident type, activity of injury, source of injury, body part of injury, work environment type, product category, and nature of injury. Feature sets were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression. A LightGBM model was then employed to predict occupational injury, with area under curve (AUC) of the model serving as the primary evaluation metric; an AUC closer to 1 indicates better predictive performance of the model. The interpretability of the model was evaluated using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). Results Through Lasso regression, 7 key influencing factors were identified, including accident time interval from shift start, experience at this mine, cause of injury, accident type, body part of injury, nature of injury, and work environment type. A LightGBM model, constructed based on feature selection via Lasso regression, demonstrated good predictive performance with an AUC value of 0.9941 (95%CI: 0.9917, 0.9966), accuracy of 0.9743, specificity of 0.9781, and sensitivity of 0.9640. The predicted probability of fatal occupational injuries showed high consistency with the actual probability of fatal occupational injuries. In the occupational injury prediction model, the importance of each indicator was analyzed through its SHAP value, and it was found that the body part of injury and the nature of injury were the two main features that affected the prediction results of the model, and the impacts of other features were relatively small. The distribution of SHAP values across body part of injury was broad, with significant impacts on the model's prediction of fatal risk, particularly for injuries to the head and neck, as well as multi-part injuries. The nature of injury also exerted influences on the model in different directions, with suffocation/drowning, crushing, and multi-part injuries having a greater impact on the risk of fatal occupational injuries. Conclusion LightGBM model is capable of efficiently processing large-scale data and providing high-precision prediction results. Research on model interpretability aids in more accurately exploring and analyzing various key risk factors for fatal occupational injuries among mining workers, and further reveals the complex interactions among these factors. This, in turn, enables better preventive intervention and protection measures, as well as optimal resource allocation for labor workers.

Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a common pruritic and chronic inflammatory dermatosis in clinical practice and is one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. With the launch of biological agents and small molecule drugs and the development and implementation of guidelines of diagnosis and treatment， clinical pathways of treatment of moderate to severe AD， and consensus on the whole-process management of AD， the clinical efficacy of moderate to severe AD has been significantly improved. However， there are still many unmet clinical needs that require more effective methods to meet. In response to the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Facilitating the Inheritance， Innovation， and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the spirit of the National Conference on TCM， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized more than 20 experts in TCM dermatology， Western medicine dermatology， interdisciplinary fields， and industries to discuss the difficulties and advantages of TCM in the treatment of AD. TCM treatment for AD can not only improve rash and relieve itching but also solve many concomitant syndromes. The abundant external treatment methods of TCM have advantages for different special populations and rash characteristics. The concept of treating disease before its onset in TCM is in line with the chronic disease management mode of prevention and treatment of atopic march and prevention of recurrence. In addition， TCM therapy can reduce the use of topical glucocorticoids and has good safety. Regarding the comorbidity of AD， equal emphasis on TCM and Western medicine and multidisciplinary joint treatment should be advocated to achieve maximum benefit for patients. The exchange of TCM and Western medicine has clarified the positioning and advantages of TCM intervention in AD， providing guidance for clinical and scientific research.

Central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)is a macular disease predominantly affecting young to middle-aged adults, characterized by serous retinal detachment in the posterior pole, leading to symptoms such as decreased central vision, visual distortion, and color changes. The disease has a certain degree of self-limitation but can recur. The pathogenesis is still uncertain and the treatment is controversial. Commonly used treatments include medication, retinal laser, photodynamic therapy(PDT)and vitreous anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy which have emerged in recent years, but the treatment of recurrent CSC is still tricky. The purpose of this article is to review the current therapeutic approaches regarding CSC, with a view to providing a reference for clinical treatment.

Objective: To investigate the application effect of bovine pericardium in horizontal bone augmentation surgery in the aesthetic area and to assess its clinical feasibility in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee. A total of 29 patients with anterior tooth loss accompanied by labial bone defects were selected, and horizontal bone augmentation was performed using a bovine pericardium membrane combined with particulate or block bone grafts. Centered on the virtual implant in the preoperative design, labial bone thickness at the implant neck and 1-5 mm below it was measured at different time points: preoperatively (T0), immediately postoperatively (T1), and 6 months postoperatively (T2). The results were used to assess bone regeneration outcomes. Additionally, the visual analog scales (VASs) of postoperative pain and swelling were recorded, and whether any complications such as infection or wound dehiscence occurred were monitored. Results: Immediately after surgery, labial bone thickness of all implants significantly increased, with an average increase more than 3 mm. Six months after surgery, the bone augmentation was well maintained. Specifically, labial bone thickness 3-5 mm below the shoulder of the implant was greater than 3 mm. The VAS scores showed that postoperative pain and swelling peaked on the third day and then gradually decreased, with good recovery 10 days after surgery. No complications such as infection or wound dehiscence occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion Bovine pericardium shows good bone augmentation effect and biocompatibility in horizontal bone augmentation in the anterior aesthetic area, and it is suitable for various horizontal bone augmentation surgeries in the aesthetic area.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside （TWM） on renal injury in diabetic nephropathy （DN） rats through tumor protein p53/microRNA-214 （miR-214）/UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1） axis. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （n＝6） and modeling group （n＝28）； the modeling group was fed with high fat and high glucose plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish DN model. The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， valsartan group [8.33 mg/（kg·d）] and TWM group[6.25 mg/（kg·d）]， with 8 rats in each group. Rats in each group were gavaged with the corresponding medication or normal saline， once a day， for 6 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， liver and renal function indexes [24 h urinary total protein （24 h-UTP）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr）， albumin （ALB）， alanine transaminase （ALT）]， blood lipid indexes （triglycerides， total cholesterol） and blood glucose index （fasting blood glucose） in urine/blood sample of rats were detected in each group. Renal pathologic change was observed， protein and mRNA expressions of p53， ULK1， Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， and expression of miR-214 in renal tissue were also determined. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the renal tubular epithelium of rats in the model group showed obvious edema， cell swelling， accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration； the levels of 24h-UTP， BUN， SCr， ALT and glycolipid indexes， the expressions of p53 protein and mRNA， as well as the expression of miR-214 in rats in the model group and administration groups were significantly increased or up-regulated， while ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， the expressions of LC3 mRNA， the expressions of ULK1， Beclin-1 protein and mRNA were significantly decreased or down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the histopathological damage of the kidney in rats was improved in administration groups； the levels of 24 h-UTP， BUN， SCr， ALT and glycolipid indexes， the expressions of p53 protein and mRNA， as well as the expression of miR-214 were all significantly decreased or down-regulated， while ALB level， LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ， the expressions of LC3 mRNA， the expressions of ULK1 and Beclin-1 protein and mRNA were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS TG can alleviate renal damage in DN rats， and improve their liver and renal function， as well as glucose and lipid levels. These effects may be related to the regulation of the p53/miR-214/ULK1 axis and the restoration of cellular autophagy.

Objective To investigate the changes in the prevalence of Babesia microti infections, spleen morphology and proportions of splenic immune cells in BALB/c mice following intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, so as to provide insights into unraveling the immune regulatory mechanisms of Babesia infections. Methods Laboratory - maintained B. microti strains were prepared into whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection. A total of 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, including the normal control group, intravenous injection group, and intraperitoneal injection group, of 25 mice in each group. Mice in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups were administered 100 μL of whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection, with the day of injection recorded as d0, and animals in the normal control group were given no treatments. Blood was sampled from mice in each group via the tail tip on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and prepared into thin-film blood smears, and B. microti infection was observed in red blood cells. Five mice were randomly sampled from each group and sacrificed on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and spleen was collected for measurement of spleen size and weight. In addition, splenic cells were isolated, and the proportions of CD3e⁺ T cells, CD45R⁺ B cells, CD49b⁺ nature killer (NK) cells, and F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in CD45⁺ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Results The prevalence of B. microti infection in the intravenous (22.80%) and intraperitoneal injection groups (44.82%) peaked on d7 (χ² = 8.141, P < 0.01) and then rapidly decreased, and no parasites were observed on d35. The longest mouse spleen length [(32.91 ± 2.20) mm] and width [(9.82 ± 0.43) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.78 ± 0.10) g] were found on d14 in the intravenous injection group, and the longest spleen length [(32.42 ± 3.21) mm] and width [(10.25 ± 0.73) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.73 ± 0.09) g] were seen in the intra-peritoneal injection group on d21, d7 and d14, respectively. There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and the normal control group in terms of spleen length (F = 10.310, P < 0.05), width (F = 9.824, P < 0.05), and weight (F = 10.672, P < 0.05) on d21, and the mouse spleen length, width and weight were all significantly greater in the intraperitoneal injection group than in the intravenous injection group (allP values < 0.05). The proportions of splenic CD3e⁺ T cells [(60.60 ± 6.20)% and (39.68 ± 7.62)%], CD45R⁺ B cells [(43.32 ± 2.08)% and (49.53 ± 4.90)%], CD49b⁺ NK cells [(6.88 ± 1.34)% and (7.71 ± 1.59)%], and F4/80⁺ macrophages [(2.21 ± 0.29)% and (3.80 ± 0.35)%] peaked on d14, d21, d21 and d14 in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD3e⁺ T cells (F = 16.730, P < 0.05) and F4/80⁺ macrophages (F = 15.941, P < 0.05) among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d14, and a higher proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells and a lower proportion of F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (both P values < 0.01). There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d21 in terms of proportions of splenic CD3e⁺ T cells (F = 9.252, P < 0.05), CD45R⁺ B cells (F = 14.349, P < 0.05), CD49b⁺ NK cells (F = 13.436,P < 0.05), and F4/80⁺ macrophages (F = 8.180, P < 0.05), and a higher proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells and lower proportions of CD45R⁺ B cells and F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (all P values < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in the proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d28 (F = 9.772,P < 0.05), and a lower proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells was found in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (P < 0.01). Conclusions Both intraperitoneal and intravenous routes are effective to induce B. microti infections in BALB/c mice, and the prevalence of B. microti infections is higher in BALB/c mice through the intraperitoneal route than through the intravenous route. Intraperitoneal and intravenous injections with B. microti cause diverse spleen morphologies and proportions of splenic immune cells in mice, indicating routes of B. microti infections cause different impacts on immune response mechanisms in mice.