Objective The content of the relevant safety items in the instructions of Chinese patent medicines is"Not Clear"to provide a reliable reference for improving the safety and effectiveness of Chinese patent medicines.Methods Search the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020,National Essential Medicines List,Handbook of Selected Chinese Patent Drugs in Various Clinical Subjects,and Handbook of Modern Chinese Patent Drugs.Conduct random sampling according to Chinese patent medicines'different efficacy and dosage forms and collect complete basic information and versions.There are a total of 105 latest drug instructions.The safety information in each drug instruction is extracted and entered into Excel 2019.The annotations are summarized and statistically analyzed one by one.Results After summarizing,most instructions are marked with safety item information such as adverse e-vents,contraindications,pharmacology,and toxicology.Howe ver,the degree of detail of each content varies greatly.Common problems include non-standard terminology description,content"avoiding the important and light,passing it off"or inconsistent content with the labeling,and insufficient clinical data research.Conclusions There is a severe lack of research content in the package insert of Chinese patent medicines,and it is still necessary to further strengthen the discussion and research on the mechanism of action of medicines to revise and improve the safety information of the instructions and ensure the safety of clinical use.

Objective:To analyze the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in community population in Shanghai.Methods:Using baseline and follow-up data from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, individuals with ASCVD (including coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease) at baseline were excluded. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between RC and ASCVD risk and the association under different LDL-C levels.Results:A total of 57 281 participants were included, with a median follow-up of 5.61 person-years. During the follow-up, 1 436 ASCVD events (2.51%) were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals with moderate ( HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) or high RC levels ( HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.51) had an increased risk of ASCVD. The association was stronger in participants younger than 60 years-old (interaction P=0.048). Participants with RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C <3.40 mmol/L demonstrated a 19% ( HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35) increased risk of ASCVD. When RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C ≥3.40 mmol/L, ASCVD risk increased by 42% ( HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.67). Conclusions:Elevated RC increases ASCVD risk, regardless of LDL-C levels. RC can serve as a valuable predictor and intervention target for ASCVD.

Objective:To analyze the mediating effect of cardiovascular health status (CVH) on the association between educational level and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:The participants were from Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, and questionnaire survey, physical examination, blood biochemistry were conducted from 2016 to 2020 for baseline information collection, and follow up was conducted until March 31, 2024 based on the medical data, CVD incidence data and death surveillance data at different levels. The associations of educational level, CVH and time to CVD onset of the study population were analyzed using the accelerated failure time model to analyze the mediating effects of CVH, health behaviors, and health factors in the association of educational level and time to CVD onset. The mediating effects of educational level, gender, and age moderated associations were also analyzed.Results:A total of 57 312 participants were included, with 2 780 new cases of CVD during a median follow-up of 6.71 (6.71-6.72) years, and a mean incidence density of 7.77/1 000 person-years (95% CI: 7.48/1 000 person-years -8.06/1 000 person-years). In total, the less educational level and the lower CVH, the higher CVD incidence density ( P<0.05). The results of accelerated failure time models showed that the time ratio for CVD-free survival was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.06-1.24) and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.10-1.60) for moderate and high educational level, respectively. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that the association between moderate and high educational level and time to CVD onset was 29.60% (20.50%-50.00%) and 36.10% (23.80%-59.00%), 9.97% (5.07%-20.00%) and 13.84% (6.84%-29.00%), 15.24% (9.64%-27.00%) and 17.55% (11.58%-33.00%) of mediators mediated by CVH, health behaviors, health factors, respectively. Among them, there was an exposure-mediated interaction of educational level and a positive moderating effect of age. Conclusion:CVH, health behaviors and health factors had a proportionate mediating effect in the association between educational level and risk of CVD development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the recurrence of ischemic stroke (IS) and to analyze the association between four indices of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) and the risk of IS recurrence by analyzing the follow-up data related to IS in the community-based natural population of Songjiang District, Shanghai, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the prognosis of stroke patients in the community and controlling IS recurrence. MethodsA prospective follow-up study was conducted among the IS patients in the community-based cohort population, collecting data about patient’s age, gender, disease history, biochemical indicators, and etc. Cox regression model and restricted cubic spline model were used to analyze the relationship between different levels of plasma lipids and the recurrence of IS in these patients. ResultsA total of 1 368 patients with IS were included. The total follow-up duration was 7 171.46 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 6.24 years. There were 420 cases of IS recurrence, resulting in a cumulative recurrence rate of 30.70%. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the recurrence risk of IS was reduced when the baseline TC and LDL-C levels of IS patients were in the ranges of 4.65‒5.67 mmol·L^-1 and 2.52‒3.46 mmol·L^-1, respectively. The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between baseline TC and LDL-C levels and the recurrence risk in IS patients. ConclusionThe cumulative recurrence rate of patients with IS in the community of Songjiang District in Shanghai is high, and the levels of TC and LDL-C at baseline survey are correlated with the recurrence of IS in these patients. It is suggested to pay more attention to the levels of LDL-C and TC in patients with IS, so as to improve the prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in community population in Shanghai.Methods:Using baseline and follow-up data from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, individuals with ASCVD (including coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease) at baseline were excluded. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between RC and ASCVD risk and the association under different LDL-C levels.Results:A total of 57 281 participants were included, with a median follow-up of 5.61 person-years. During the follow-up, 1 436 ASCVD events (2.51%) were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals with moderate ( HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) or high RC levels ( HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.51) had an increased risk of ASCVD. The association was stronger in participants younger than 60 years-old (interaction P=0.048). Participants with RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C <3.40 mmol/L demonstrated a 19% ( HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35) increased risk of ASCVD. When RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C ≥3.40 mmol/L, ASCVD risk increased by 42% ( HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.67). Conclusions:Elevated RC increases ASCVD risk, regardless of LDL-C levels. RC can serve as a valuable predictor and intervention target for ASCVD.

Objective:To analyze the mediating effect of cardiovascular health status (CVH) on the association between educational level and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:The participants were from Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, and questionnaire survey, physical examination, blood biochemistry were conducted from 2016 to 2020 for baseline information collection, and follow up was conducted until March 31, 2024 based on the medical data, CVD incidence data and death surveillance data at different levels. The associations of educational level, CVH and time to CVD onset of the study population were analyzed using the accelerated failure time model to analyze the mediating effects of CVH, health behaviors, and health factors in the association of educational level and time to CVD onset. The mediating effects of educational level, gender, and age moderated associations were also analyzed.Results:A total of 57 312 participants were included, with 2 780 new cases of CVD during a median follow-up of 6.71 (6.71-6.72) years, and a mean incidence density of 7.77/1 000 person-years (95% CI: 7.48/1 000 person-years -8.06/1 000 person-years). In total, the less educational level and the lower CVH, the higher CVD incidence density ( P<0.05). The results of accelerated failure time models showed that the time ratio for CVD-free survival was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.06-1.24) and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.10-1.60) for moderate and high educational level, respectively. The results of the mediation effect analysis showed that the association between moderate and high educational level and time to CVD onset was 29.60% (20.50%-50.00%) and 36.10% (23.80%-59.00%), 9.97% (5.07%-20.00%) and 13.84% (6.84%-29.00%), 15.24% (9.64%-27.00%) and 17.55% (11.58%-33.00%) of mediators mediated by CVH, health behaviors, health factors, respectively. Among them, there was an exposure-mediated interaction of educational level and a positive moderating effect of age. Conclusion:CVH, health behaviors and health factors had a proportionate mediating effect in the association between educational level and risk of CVD development.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of an integrated laparoscopic simulation training course (best essential surgical technique training, BEST) in enhancing laparoscopic peritoneal suturing techniques in surgical residents.Methods As an integrated two-stage program, the BEST course applied basic laparoscopic training system with simple molds in phase Ⅰ training, and then adopted advanced laparoscopic training system, 3D Laparoscope and ex-vivo animal models in phase Ⅱ training. The laparoscopic suturing techniques were practiced in phase Ⅱ training. From August 2021 to July 2024, surgical residents in the second year of the national standardized training program were divided into pilot and control groups based on whether they had undergone the BEST course. Two cases of laparoscopic peritoneal suture were performed by the surgical residents under supervision in the department of gastrointestinal surgery. The operative time, quality of suture, and independent completion rate were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 33 surgical residents (19 in pilot group and 14 in control group) were included in this study, and a total of 66 cases of laparoscopic peritoneal suture were performed (38 in pilot group and 28 in control group). The operative time was significantly shorter in pilot group than that in control group (15.7 min vs. 17.5 min, P=0.025). The quality of suture was significantly better in pilot group compared to control group (P=0.023). In pilot group, all peritoneal sutures were performed by residents independently, whereas in control group, 3 cases (10.7%) were assisted by the supervisor, and the independent completion rate was different significantly (P=0.039).Conclusions The BEST course can help improve surgical residents′ laparoscopic peritoneal suturing techniques and could be promoted in the national standardized training program for surgical residents.

Objective The content of the relevant safety items in the instructions of Chinese patent medicines is"Not Clear"to provide a reliable reference for improving the safety and effectiveness of Chinese patent medicines.Methods Search the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020,National Essential Medicines List,Handbook of Selected Chinese Patent Drugs in Various Clinical Subjects,and Handbook of Modern Chinese Patent Drugs.Conduct random sampling according to Chinese patent medicines'different efficacy and dosage forms and collect complete basic information and versions.There are a total of 105 latest drug instructions.The safety information in each drug instruction is extracted and entered into Excel 2019.The annotations are summarized and statistically analyzed one by one.Results After summarizing,most instructions are marked with safety item information such as adverse e-vents,contraindications,pharmacology,and toxicology.Howe ver,the degree of detail of each content varies greatly.Common problems include non-standard terminology description,content"avoiding the important and light,passing it off"or inconsistent content with the labeling,and insufficient clinical data research.Conclusions There is a severe lack of research content in the package insert of Chinese patent medicines,and it is still necessary to further strengthen the discussion and research on the mechanism of action of medicines to revise and improve the safety information of the instructions and ensure the safety of clinical use.

Abstract: Objective　To explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM) pulmonary disease in Hainan in recent years, and to provide data support for the prevention and treatment of NTM pulmonary disease. Methods　Medical records of patients diagnosed with NTM pulmonary disease who treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan Provincial Tuberculosis Hospital) from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected. The demographics, regional distribution, temporal distribution, distribution of mycobacterial species, clinical symptoms, and radiological imaging changes of these patients were analyzed. Results　A total of 225 confirmed cases of NMT pulmonary disease were collected in this study, with 133(59.1%) female patients outnumbering 92(40.9%) male patients. The disease predominantly affected people over 50 years old, with 192 cases (85.3%), and the major onset age range was 61-<81 years old, with a median age of 63 and an average age of 62. Farmers comprised the majority of the patients, with 112 cases (49.8%). More patients were from the western region (90 cases, 40.0%) than from the central region (76 cases, 33.8%), followed by the eastern region (59 cases, 26.2%). A total of 10 strains were detected from 225 samples, with the most common strains being Mycobacterium intracellulare (92 cases, 40.9%), Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus(80 cases, 35.6%), and Mycobacterium avium (15 cases, 6.7%), followed by Mycobacterium kansasii (5 cases, 2.2%), Mycobacterium fortuitum (4 cases, 1.8%), and Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum (3 cases, 1.3%). There were 10 cases (4.5%) of mixed infections, including Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare (8 cases, 3.6%), Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus (1 case, 0.4%), and Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus (1 case, 0.4%). The primary clinical manifestations of NTM pulmonary disease included cough and sputum (219 cases, 97.3%), hemoptysis (92 cases, 40.9%), fever (61 cases, 27.1%), dyspnea (57 cases, 25.3%), night sweats (52 cases, 23.1%), weight loss (50 cases, 22.2%), and thoracodynia (35 cases, 15.6%). There was no significant difference in symptoms between male and female patients. Pleural thickening (188 cases, 83.6%) and bronchiectasis (151 cases, 67.1%) were the most common imaging changes in NTM pulmonary disease, followed by cavities (93 cases, 41.3%), emphysema (41 cases, 18.2%), and lung damage (28 cases, 12.4%). Male patients were more likely to have lung damage and emphysema, while female patients were more likely to have bronchiectasis. Conclusions　The distribution of NTM species is diverse in Hainan area, with Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus, and Mycobacterium avium are dominant species. NTM pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis have similar clinical features, which requires attention for differentiation in clinical practice.

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that interacts computer-generated three-dimensional scenes with the user′s senses and has been gradually applied in the real medical field. Since the first time of successful attempt in 3D laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery VR living video broadcast in 2016, the authors have experienced the exploration of the application of this technology (2016-2017) as well as the in-depth research phase (2018-2019). Nowadays, the VR application in our center has entered into the application practice phase (2020 to present). With the technology iteration and more and more application experience acquisition, our current VR application mainly focuses on two practice settings, including the clinical teaching scenarios for early exposure to acute appendicitis for medical undergraduate students and the preoperative communication to give pati-ents an early sense of the process in the operating theatre, and has achieved good application results. With continuous breakthroughs and innovations in software and hardware, we believe that more clinical VR scenarios and the course audience will be expanded to a wider group. The integration of some new hotspots such as Meta-Universe and ChatGPT will make up for the shortcomings in VR content scenarios and interactivity, and its application prospects are infinite.