As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y₁₂, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [¹⁸F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [¹⁸F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y₁₂ antagonist. Furthermore, [¹⁸F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y₁₂ in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [¹⁸F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [¹⁸F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y₁₂ overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.

Objective To explore the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Methods From January to December 2024,450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were surveyed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hospital.A self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data.The Erectile Hardness Scale(EHS)was employed to investigate the current status of their penile erection hardness,and a self-made questionnaire was utilized to explore the influencing factors.Results Among the 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia,during sexual intercourse,35.3%of the patients reported that their penile erection hardness could reach grade 4(normal state),54.5%reported that it only reached grade 3(sub-optimal state),9.3%reported that it only reached grade 2(slight penile erection),and 0.9%reported that it only reached grade 1(inability to achieve an erection).In the survey of satisfaction with sexual life quality,among the 450 patients,only 24.9%were very satisfied with their sexual life quality;57.3%were basically satisfied;9.6%considered it average;4.0%were dissatisfied;3.1%were very dissatisfied;and 1.1%had no sexual life.alcohol consumption(OR=2.393,95%CI:1.493～3.836),satisfaction with the quality of sexual life(OR=1.455,95%CI:1.118～1.894),educational attainment(OR=0.709,95%CI:0.549～0.917),and the sleep quality in the past month(OR=0.641,95%CI:0.452～0.907).Conclusions Clinical studies have shown that factors such as drinking habits,sexual life satisfaction,sleep quality,and educational attainment collectively influence the penile erection hardness in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Therefore,the medical team needs to customize personalized intervention plans and educational materials based on individual differences among patients.Through psychological counseling and lifestyle guidance,they can improve erectile function and the quality of sexual life,promote harmonious marital relationships,and enhance the overall life experience of the patients.

On the occasion of the 110th Anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association, the third conference of the Fourth Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, and the Second Elite Group of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, was successfully held in Kunming on July 4, 2025. This conference systematically summarizes the development experience of the journal over the past 20 years from three aspects: the role of ecological construction of thought in the discipline construction of digestive surgery, the display of the latest academic achievements in the field of digestive surgery, the development difficulties, and breakthrough paths of the discipline, and strategically plans the path of discipline construction in the new era.

Objective To explore the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Methods From January to December 2024,450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were surveyed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hospital.A self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data.The Erectile Hardness Scale(EHS)was employed to investigate the current status of their penile erection hardness,and a self-made questionnaire was utilized to explore the influencing factors.Results Among the 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia,during sexual intercourse,35.3%of the patients reported that their penile erection hardness could reach grade 4(normal state),54.5%reported that it only reached grade 3(sub-optimal state),9.3%reported that it only reached grade 2(slight penile erection),and 0.9%reported that it only reached grade 1(inability to achieve an erection).In the survey of satisfaction with sexual life quality,among the 450 patients,only 24.9%were very satisfied with their sexual life quality;57.3%were basically satisfied;9.6%considered it average;4.0%were dissatisfied;3.1%were very dissatisfied;and 1.1%had no sexual life.alcohol consumption(OR=2.393,95%CI:1.493～3.836),satisfaction with the quality of sexual life(OR=1.455,95%CI:1.118～1.894),educational attainment(OR=0.709,95%CI:0.549～0.917),and the sleep quality in the past month(OR=0.641,95%CI:0.452～0.907).Conclusions Clinical studies have shown that factors such as drinking habits,sexual life satisfaction,sleep quality,and educational attainment collectively influence the penile erection hardness in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Therefore,the medical team needs to customize personalized intervention plans and educational materials based on individual differences among patients.Through psychological counseling and lifestyle guidance,they can improve erectile function and the quality of sexual life,promote harmonious marital relationships,and enhance the overall life experience of the patients.

On the occasion of the 110th Anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Medical Association, the third conference of the Fourth Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, and the Second Elite Group of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, was successfully held in Kunming on July 4, 2025. This conference systematically summarizes the development experience of the journal over the past 20 years from three aspects: the role of ecological construction of thought in the discipline construction of digestive surgery, the display of the latest academic achievements in the field of digestive surgery, the development difficulties, and breakthrough paths of the discipline, and strategically plans the path of discipline construction in the new era.

Objective To study the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics about ictal facial dystonia of medial temporal lobe epilepsy.Method Data was collected from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy originating from unilateral temporal lobe structures through preoperative evaluation at the Functional Neurology Department of the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen between July 1,2019 and September 1,2023.All patients did not have seizures for at least 1 year after operation.The ictal symptoms of each patient were analyzed and the patients with ictal facial dystonia were selected and the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of ictal facial dystonia were summarized.Results Nineteen of 47 patients diagnosed as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy had ictal facial dystonia,of which the electroencephalogram starting at the right side in 11 cases and at the left side in 8 cases.Fifteen patients had the symptom in the first 1/3 period of seizure.Fifteen patients had bilateral symmetrical muscle contraction.Thirteen patients showed with negative expression,5 with neutral expression,and 1 with negative or positive expression in different seizures.None of the patient had the drop of the corners of the mouth.Five patients underwent stereotactic-electroencephalogram(SEEG),including 3 patients with bilateral implantation and 2 patients with unilateral implantation.SEEG showed that the medial temporal structure,insula and orbital lobes were all involved in the onset of ictal facial dystonia.Conclusion The medial temporal lobe epilepsy often present ictal facial dystonia in the first 1/3 period of seizure,with bilaterally symmetrically facial contraction,often accompanied by negative expression,but without drop of the corners of the mouth.The lateralization value of ictal facial dystonia is limited and this symptom involves a wide brain network structure.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of intestinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours(IMT)in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods The clinical,pathologi-cal morphology,immunophenotype and follow-up results of 5 cases of intestinal IMT in middle-aged and elderly patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results 4 cases of IMT occurred in the right half colon and 1 in the ileum.Most patients(3/5)had a history of intestinal injury,starting the digestive tract symptoms and increased leukocytes.The tumor tissue was composed of fusiform myofibroblasts and fibroblasts arranged in storiform pattern,with an infiltrative growth pattern,accompanied by a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration,collagen formation and myxedema.One case was atypically large and deformed.Immunophenotype:vimentin(5cases),SMA(5 cases),desmin(3 cases),ALK(3 cases),CK(2 cases)were positive.Caldesmon,CD34,β-catenin,MC,CD117,DOG1,S-100,BCL-2,CD99,CD68 were negative,and Ki-67 proliferation index was 1.28%to 10.01%.All the 5 cases underwent complete tumor resection and were followed up for 48.5 to 133 months.Among them,1 patient aged 83 was considered to have tumor recurrence 27 months after surgery.The other patient survived 122 months without tumor and died of other causes.All the others survived without tumor and were in good condition.Conclusion(1)Intestinal IMT in the middle-aged and elderly people in this group was more common in the right half colon,and most of them had a history of intestinal injury,first gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated white blood cells;(2)Vimentin and SMA were positive at the same time,and ALK was more positive;(3)4/5 patients had good surgical resection,and 1/5 patients could relapse 2～3 years after surgery;old age,ALK-positive,Ki67 up to 10%,atypia may be an important risk factor for intestinal IMT recurrence in the elderly,of which ALK-positive patients may have a recurrence risk of 1/3.

Objective To investigate how substrate stiffness regulates the morphology of primary cilia in chondrocytes and to illustrate how Piezo1 mediates the morphology regulation of primary cilia by substrate stiffness.Methods Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)curing agent and the main agent(Dow Corning,Beijing,China)were mixed at the ratio of 1∶10(stiff),1∶50(medium stiffness),and 1∶70(soft),respectively,to prepare substrate films with the thickness of 1 mm at different levels of stiffness,including stiff substrate of(2.21±0.12)MPa,medium-stiffness substrate of(54.47±6.06)kPa,and soft substrate of(2.13±0.10)kPa.Chondrocytes were cultured with the substrates of three different levels of stiffness.Then,the cells were treated with Tubastatin A(Tub A)to inhibit histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6),Piezo1 activator Yoda1,and inhibitor GsMTx4,respectively.The effects of HDAC6,Yoda1,and GsMTx4 on chondrocyte morphology and the length of primary cilia were analyzed through immunofluorescence staining.Results The stiff substrate increased the spread area of the chondrocytes.Immunofluorescence assays showed that the cytoskeleton and the nuclear area of the cells on the stiff substrate were significantly increased(P<0.05)and the primary cilia were significantly extended(P<0.05)compared with those on the medium-stiffness and soft substrates.However,the presence rate of primary cilia was not affected.The HDAC6 activity of chondrocytes increased with the decrease in substrate stiffness.When the activity of HDAC6 was inhibited,the cytoskeletal area,the nuclei area,and the primary cilium length were increased more significantly on the stiff substrate(P<0.05).Further testing showed that Piezo1 activator and inhibitor could regulate the activity of HDAC6 in chondrocytes,and that the length of primary cilia was significantly increased after treatment with the activator Yoda1(P<0.05).On the other hand,the length of primary cilia was significantly shortened on the stiff substrate after treatment with the inhibitor GsMTx4(P<0.05).Conclusion Both substrate stiffness and Piezo1 may affect the morphology of chondrocyte primary cilia by regulating HDAC6 activity.

Objective To explore gene expression of key cell types in IgA nephropathy(IgAN)and regulatory role of key genes ADI1,BNIP3L and SERPINE2 in occurrence and development of IgAN.Methods The gene expression omnibus(GEO)and eQTLGen consortium database were used to perform Mendelian randomization(MR)and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).Key cell types of IgAN and causal relationship between ADI1,BNIP3L,SERPINE2 and IgAN were investigated.Expression profiles and screened out low expression genes were read through Seurat package,and used differential gene expression analysis to screen TOP100 highly expressed genes.In addition,were used sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity test were used to select significant results.Results ADI1(OR=0.946,95％CI:0.900-0.994,P=0.029),BNIP3L(OR=0.820,95％CI:0.707-0.950,P=0.008),SERPINE2(OR=0.958,95％CI:0.919-0.999,P=0.045)might be associated with a lower risk of IgAN.However,KLF6(OR=1.318,95％CI:1.036-1.678,P=0.025)was associated with high risk of IgAN.Conclusion Genetic characteristics of 18 key cell types including proximal renal tubule cells were revealed.ADI1,BNIP3L and SERPINE2 are closely related to the regulation of IgAN.

Objective To explore gene expression of key cell types in IgA nephropathy(IgAN)and regulatory role of key genes ADI1,BNIP3L and SERPINE2 in occurrence and development of IgAN.Methods The gene expression omnibus(GEO)and eQTLGen consortium database were used to perform Mendelian randomization(MR)and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).Key cell types of IgAN and causal relationship between ADI1,BNIP3L,SERPINE2 and IgAN were investigated.Expression profiles and screened out low expression genes were read through Seurat package,and used differential gene expression analysis to screen TOP100 highly expressed genes.In addition,were used sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity test were used to select significant results.Results ADI1(OR=0.946,95％CI:0.900-0.994,P=0.029),BNIP3L(OR=0.820,95％CI:0.707-0.950,P=0.008),SERPINE2(OR=0.958,95％CI:0.919-0.999,P=0.045)might be associated with a lower risk of IgAN.However,KLF6(OR=1.318,95％CI:1.036-1.678,P=0.025)was associated with high risk of IgAN.Conclusion Genetic characteristics of 18 key cell types including proximal renal tubule cells were revealed.ADI1,BNIP3L and SERPINE2 are closely related to the regulation of IgAN.