Objective To observe the depressive behavior and neuronal damage induced by different doses of corticosterone(CORT)in mice,and to explore the optimal dose for a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice.Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into four groups:control group and low,medium,and high CORT groups(20,40,and 60 mg/kg,respectively),treated with the corresponding drug dose by subcutaneous injection for 4 weeks.Behavioral c hanges in mice after corticosterone administration for 3 and 4 weeks were detected by sugar water preference,forced swimming,tail suspension,and open field tests.Morphological changes in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area and forebrain cortex area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Nissl staining.Serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Depression-related behavioral changes induced by different doses of corticosterone were compared.Results The bodyweights of mice in all three CORT groups(20,40,and 60 mg/kg)decreased(P＜0.05)and the preference for sucrose solution decreased(P＜0.01)compared with the findings in the control group.The immobility time in the forced swimming test was prolonged in the CORT 20 and 40 mg/kg groups(P＜0.01)and the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test was prolonged in the CORT 40 mg/kg group(P＜0.05).The total distance,the length of time spent in the peripheral area was prolonged and the time entering the central area in the open-field experiment were decreased in the CORT 40 and 60 mg/kg groups(P＜0.05),and average speed were decreased in the CORT 40 mg/kg group(P＜0.05).In addition,CORT injection result ed in abnormal neuronal cell morphology,cell deformation,and nuclear condensation in the hippocampal CA1 and forebrain cortex areas,to different degrees.Serum 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were reduced in the CORT 40 and 60 mg/kg groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions CORT 20,40,and 60 mg/kg can induce depression-like behavioral changes and neuronal damage in mice to varying degrees,with the most notable effect at 40 mg/kg.Under experimental conditions,we consider that 40 mg/kg is the best dose for replicating corticosterone-induced depression in model mice.

Objective:To revise the quality standards for pharmaceutical excipients such as medicinal brown sugar.Methods:This article combines the production and application of medicinal brown sugar,and refers to the requirements of GB/T35885-2018 brown sugar,the fourth general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition,and other relevant requirements,and conducts research on its characteristics,identification,inspection,and assay.Results:A quality standard for medicinal brown sugar was established,and 10 batches of samples were tested according to the proposed quality standard.Conclusion:The establishment of this standard will provide quality assurance for the application of brown sugar in the pharmaceutical field.

Objective:To revise the quality standards for pharmaceutical excipients such as medicinal brown sugar.Methods:This article combines the production and application of medicinal brown sugar,and refers to the requirements of GB/T35885-2018 brown sugar,the fourth general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition,and other relevant requirements,and conducts research on its characteristics,identification,inspection,and assay.Results:A quality standard for medicinal brown sugar was established,and 10 batches of samples were tested according to the proposed quality standard.Conclusion:The establishment of this standard will provide quality assurance for the application of brown sugar in the pharmaceutical field.

Objective To observe the depressive behavior and neuronal damage induced by different doses of corticosterone(CORT)in mice,and to explore the optimal dose for a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice.Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into four groups:control group and low,medium,and high CORT groups(20,40,and 60 mg/kg,respectively),treated with the corresponding drug dose by subcutaneous injection for 4 weeks.Behavioral c hanges in mice after corticosterone administration for 3 and 4 weeks were detected by sugar water preference,forced swimming,tail suspension,and open field tests.Morphological changes in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area and forebrain cortex area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Nissl staining.Serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Depression-related behavioral changes induced by different doses of corticosterone were compared.Results The bodyweights of mice in all three CORT groups(20,40,and 60 mg/kg)decreased(P＜0.05)and the preference for sucrose solution decreased(P＜0.01)compared with the findings in the control group.The immobility time in the forced swimming test was prolonged in the CORT 20 and 40 mg/kg groups(P＜0.01)and the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test was prolonged in the CORT 40 mg/kg group(P＜0.05).The total distance,the length of time spent in the peripheral area was prolonged and the time entering the central area in the open-field experiment were decreased in the CORT 40 and 60 mg/kg groups(P＜0.05),and average speed were decreased in the CORT 40 mg/kg group(P＜0.05).In addition,CORT injection result ed in abnormal neuronal cell morphology,cell deformation,and nuclear condensation in the hippocampal CA1 and forebrain cortex areas,to different degrees.Serum 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were reduced in the CORT 40 and 60 mg/kg groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions CORT 20,40,and 60 mg/kg can induce depression-like behavioral changes and neuronal damage in mice to varying degrees,with the most notable effect at 40 mg/kg.Under experimental conditions,we consider that 40 mg/kg is the best dose for replicating corticosterone-induced depression in model mice.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of translocation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1 )to the cytoplasm after glucose starvation and the effects of increased cytoplasmic translocation of hnRNPA2B1 on the survival of prostate cancer PC3 cells. Methods Human prostate cancer PC3 cells were divided into normal control group (cultured conventionally with glucose-containing medium,RPMI 1640 Medium)and glucose starvation group (cultured with glucose-free medium,RPMI 1640 Medium).The 2 types of cells were treated with deacetylase inhibitor,trichostatin A (TSA ) combined with nicotinamide (NAM),AKT inhibitor BEZ235,si-NC transfection,and si-hnRNPA2B1 transfection,respectively.Cytoplasmic and nuclear protein separation,immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to detect changes in hnRNPA2B1 acetylation,total AKT protein and its phosphorylation level,and expression levels of hnRNPA2B1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus.CCK-8 assay was employed to observe cell survival in each group.Results After 3～5 h of glucose starvation treatment,the acetylation of hnRNPA2B1 protein was reduced (P<0.01 ),and its cytoplasmic translocation was increased in PC3 cells (P<0.01 ),which was accompanied by enhanced AKT phosphorylation and activation of the AKT signaling pathway.TSA/NAM treatment,BEZ235 treatment,and si-hnRNPA2B1 transfection all resulted in obvious increase in acetylation of hnRNPA2B1 protein when compared with glucose starvation treated cells (P<0.01 ),which could inhibit the glucose starvation-mediated cytoplasmic translocation of hnRNPA2B1,suppress AKT phosphorylation,and consequently decrease the cell survival rate after glucose starvation (P<0.01).Conclusion Glucose starvation can maintain the survival of PC3 cells by inducing the activation of the Ac-hnRNPA2B1-AKT signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo ascertain the causes of a food poisoning incident and provide references for the prevention of similar incidents in the future. MethodsCase investigation was conducted through field epidemiological investigation methods， and suspicious meals and foods were searched by the analytical epidemiological method. A food hygiene investigation was conducted in the establishment involved and samples of suspicious food， processing steps， and cases were collected for laboratory testing. ResultsA total of 91 individuals meeting the case definition were identified， resulting in an attack rate of 14.97% （91/608）. The main clinical manifestations included abdominal pain （97.80%）， diarrhea （84.62%）， nausea （62.64%）， vomiting （72.53%）， fever （12.09%）， and increased white blood cells （90.11%）. The peak incidence occurred from 16：00 to 18：00 on June 15. The epidemic curve showed a point-source exposure pattern， with an incubation period of 1 h minimum and 10 h maximum， and an average of 5 h. Analytical epidemiological studies indicated that lunch on June 15 was the suspicious meal （χ²=38.78， P<0.001）， and those who consumed cold-dressed tofu with preserved eggs had a significantly higher risk of falling ill compared to non-consumers （χ²=105.21， P<0.001）. Laboratory testing results revealed Vibrio parahaemolyticus detected in 1 employee’s anal swab and 18 cases’ anal swabs. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 1 food ingredient and 1 case’s anal swab. The remaining samples tested negative. ConclusionThe cause of this food poisoning incident is Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The cause is the canteen’s supply of cold-dressed tofu with preserved eggs beyond its permissible business scope， potentially leading to cross-contamination during food processing. Regulatory authorities should strengthen routine law enforcement inspections and monitoring. Food service establishments should strengthen food safety awareness， standardize operational procedures in strict accordance with relevant national laws and regulations and food safety standards， and strive to reduce the occurrence of foodborne disease incidents at their source.

Objective To understand the status of knowledge,attitude,and practice of schistosomiasis prevention and con-trol and infection status in Armed Police Forces stationed along the Yangtze River,so as to provide the reference for formulating the schistosomiasis prevention and control measures in Armed Police Forces. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Armed Police Forces along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province,and the investigation content included social demo-graphic data,schistosomiasis prevention knowledge,attitude and behavior. All the subjects were examined for Schistosoma ja-ponicum infection. Results Totally 376 soldiers were investigated in 2 sites. The total passing rate of schistosomiasis knowl-edge was 72.87%. The passing rate among different age groups had no significant difference( χ2 =0.26,P > 0.05). The passing rate of soldiers from endemic areas was significantly higher than that of the soldiers from non-endemic areas( χ2 =4.71,P <0.05). The passing rate of officers was significantly higher than that of the soldiers(χ2 = 4.21,P <0.05). The passing rate of sol-diers with the education levels of junior school,high school,college,undergraduate and above increased gradually,with a sig-nificant difference( χ2 =8.16,P < 0.05). The soldiers with positive attitude accounted for 93.88%. Among the water contact be-haviors,training accounted for 17.55% and participating in the task(such as flood fighting and water work)accounted for 86.44%. When launching,the rate of taking protective measures was 52.93%. The rate of taking protective measures in the knowledge passing group was much higher than that in the knowledge failed group( χ2 =10.55,P < 0.05). The stool was harm-lessly treated in the two camps. Among 376 soldiers,the positive rate of blood examinations was 0.53%,but the stool examina-tions were all negative. Conclusions The overall level of knowledge and correct behavior of schistosomiasis prevention in the Armed Police Forces along the Yangtze River still should be improved. The better health education and behavior intervention are crucial to schistosomiasis prevention in the army.

Objective To analyze the Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution and the changes of snail situation in Chang-zhou City from 2013 to 2016,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis prevention and control interven-tions. Methods The data of snail monitoring in Changzhou City from 2013 to 2016 were collected and statistically analyzed. Re-sults The total area with snails was 40.17 hm2 and the newly discovered area was 30.63 hm2 in Changzhou City from 2013 to 2016. In the four years,3454 snails were dissected,and no schistosome infected snails were found. There were totally 51 spots with snails,and the areas with snails of different types of marshland,inland and mountain were 12.13(30.19％),25.54 hm2 (63.57％)and 2.51 hm2(6.24％),respectively. In the newly discovered snail environment,the areas of types of marshland and inland were 8.00 hm2(26.12％)and 22.63 hm2(73.88％),respectively. The main causes for snail existence were external input and adjacent diffusion. In the past four years,the total snail control area with molluscicides was 71.74 hm2,the consolidated snail control area with molluscicides was 155.15 hm2,and the total environmental modification areas in the current snail spots and historic snail spots were 15.90 hm2 and 11.30 hm2 respectively. Conclusion The diffusion of snails in inland rivers is the key of the newly discovered snail areas in Changzhou City in recent years,and the snail monitoring and control measures should be strengthened in the future.

Objective To understand the quality of blood smears for Plasmodium detection in Changzhou City,so as to pro?vide the technical support for malaria surveillance in the post?elimination period. Methods The blood smears of fever patients from each cities(districts)in Changzhou City in 2014,including more than 3%of the negatives and all the positives,were se?lected. The quality of the blood smear making,dyeing,cleanliness and results were reviewed by the experts from the municipal malaria microscopy station,and the data were analyzed statistically. Results Totally 996 negative blood smears were reviewed in 2014,with a review rate of 4.52%. The qualified rates of blood smear making,dyeing and cleanliness were 92.87%,93.27%and 94.48%,respectively. A total of 34 positive blood smears were reviewed,and there were no false detections and leak detec?tions. The qualified rates of blood smear making and dyeing were more than 90%in all the seven cities(districts). As for quali?fied rate of cleanliness,except the rate in Qishuyan District(81.36%),those in the other six cities(districts)were all above 90%. The qualified rates of blood smear making,dyeing and cleanliness were all more than 90%in first?class,second?class and third?class hospitals. The major quality defects of the blood smears were sediment,abnormal making and thick membrane shed?ding,and the proportions were 25.91%,21.76%and 19.17%,respectively. Conclusions The quality of blood smears for Plas?modium detection in Changzhou City is satisfying. In the future,the training and supervision still should be strengthened to guar?antee the capacity of microscopic examinations for Plasmodium detection in the surveillance of post?elimination period.

Objective To investigate the significance of serum procalcitonin(PCT)levels in children with respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)pneumonia and sepsis.Methods 43 cases of children with RSV pneumonia were divided into two groups,including 28 cases of non -sepsis and 15 cases of sepsis.30 cases of healthy children were choosed as a control group in the same period.The serum PCT levels of three groups were compared.The 29 cases of RSV pneumonia with other organ damage except lung were divided into non -severe group and severe group.The differences of serum PCT levels between the two groups were compared.Results The non -sepsis group and sepsis group serum PCT levels were (0.882 ±0.184)μg/L and (1.001 ±0.268)μg/L respectively,which were higher than the control group[(0.365 ±0.085)μg/L,(t =2.607,2.854,all P <0.05)].The serum PCT levels of the non -sepsis group and septic group were significant different(t =0.372,P >0.05);The serum PCT level of the severe group was (1.181 ±0.281)μg/L,which was higher than the non -severe group[(0.448 ±0.140)μg/L],the differ-ence was statistically significant(t =2.473,P <0.05).Conclusion The serum PCT of RSV pneumonia children was increased,the increased PCT can be an observed indicators of severe infection and multiple organ dysfunction.