The prescription of Qidong Yixin oral liquid is derived from the experience of national medical master Ren Jixue in treating viral myocarditis （VMC）. It has the functions of tonifying Qi， nourishing the heart，calming the mind， and relieving palpitations. It is used to treat VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. However，the understanding of its efficacy evidence， advantageous aspects， dosage and administration， and medication safety remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore，the development of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid （hereinafter referred to as consensus） was initiated. Consensus strictly followed the process and methods of the expert consensus on the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines of the China Association of Chinese Medicine，successively completing multiple tasks such as the consensus project initiation，determination of clinical problems，evidence search and evaluation，formation of recommendation opinions and consensus suggestions，solicitation of opinions，peer review， submission for review and release， and so on. Consensus formed a total of 10 recommendation opinions and 12 consensus suggestions，clarifying the clinical positioning，efficacy advantages，syndrome differentiation，dosage and administration，combination therapy，timing of medication，adverse reactions，contraindications， and precautions of Qidong Yixin oral liquid，indicating that it has good clinical advantages and safety in the treatment of VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease，providing norms and references for physicians to safely and rationally apply Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Consensus was reviewed and approved for release by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 23， 2024. Standard number：GSCACM-376-2024.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and phenomics characteristics of patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns in stable angina pectoris （SAP） of coronary heart disease （CHD）. MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 300 patients with SAP of CHD were enrolled and classified into 120 cases of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome， 125 cases of qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， 38 cases of qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome， and 17 cases of toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome according to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） patterns. Data of patients with different TCM patterns were collected， including general condition， TCM symptoms， blood lipids， coagulation function， immune indicators， and serum metabolomics. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to compare differences in phenomics characteristics among groups. Metabolites with variable importance in projection （VIP） ≥1 and fold change （FC） ≥2 were considered as representative differential metabolites. ResultsPatients in each TCM pattern type were most commonly in the 60-75 years age group， with a relatively high proportion of males. Regarding TCM symptoms， patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome most commonly presented with wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and chest tightness； in patients with qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， fatigue， chest pain， and weak pulse were most common； in patients with qi stagnation-accompanied sydnrome， wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and symptoms that increase or decrease with emotional changes， belching， or flatulence were most common； in patients with toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome， bitter taste in the mouth， chest tightness， irritability， restlessness or manic delirium， and dry and hard stools or foul-smelling diarrhea were most common. Comparisons among the different TCM patterns showed statistically significant differences in coagulation parameters （P＜0.05）， whereas no statistically significant difference was found in blood lipid levels and immune indicators （P＞0.05）.Metabolomics analysis suggested that disorders of glycerophosphate metabolism and valine， leucine， and isoleucine metabolism are characteristic features of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The representative differential metabolites between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome were 7,8-dihydrobiopterin （FC = 3.58） and oxypurinol （FC = 124.50）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome were cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine （FC = 2.62） and D-mannosamine （FC = 2.99）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome were anserine （FC = 7.83） and canrenone （FC = 8.94）. ConclusionThere are certain differences in the clinical characteristics and phenomics characteristics among patients with SAP due to CHD exhibiting phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The phenomics characteristics mainly involve biological alterations such as lipid metabolism disorders， amino acid metabolism abnormalities， and multiple immune indicators activation， which may provide a reference for precise differentiation and treatment of SAP of CHD in TCM clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and phenomics characteristics of patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns in stable angina pectoris （SAP） of coronary heart disease （CHD）. MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 300 patients with SAP of CHD were enrolled and classified into 120 cases of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome， 125 cases of qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， 38 cases of qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome， and 17 cases of toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome according to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） patterns. Data of patients with different TCM patterns were collected， including general condition， TCM symptoms， blood lipids， coagulation function， immune indicators， and serum metabolomics. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to compare differences in phenomics characteristics among groups. Metabolites with variable importance in projection （VIP） ≥1 and fold change （FC） ≥2 were considered as representative differential metabolites. ResultsPatients in each TCM pattern type were most commonly in the 60-75 years age group， with a relatively high proportion of males. Regarding TCM symptoms， patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome most commonly presented with wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and chest tightness； in patients with qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， fatigue， chest pain， and weak pulse were most common； in patients with qi stagnation-accompanied sydnrome， wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and symptoms that increase or decrease with emotional changes， belching， or flatulence were most common； in patients with toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome， bitter taste in the mouth， chest tightness， irritability， restlessness or manic delirium， and dry and hard stools or foul-smelling diarrhea were most common. Comparisons among the different TCM patterns showed statistically significant differences in coagulation parameters （P＜0.05）， whereas no statistically significant difference was found in blood lipid levels and immune indicators （P＞0.05）.Metabolomics analysis suggested that disorders of glycerophosphate metabolism and valine， leucine， and isoleucine metabolism are characteristic features of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The representative differential metabolites between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome were 7,8-dihydrobiopterin （FC = 3.58） and oxypurinol （FC = 124.50）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome were cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine （FC = 2.62） and D-mannosamine （FC = 2.99）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome were anserine （FC = 7.83） and canrenone （FC = 8.94）. ConclusionThere are certain differences in the clinical characteristics and phenomics characteristics among patients with SAP due to CHD exhibiting phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The phenomics characteristics mainly involve biological alterations such as lipid metabolism disorders， amino acid metabolism abnormalities， and multiple immune indicators activation， which may provide a reference for precise differentiation and treatment of SAP of CHD in TCM clinical practice.

Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)are common complex diseases caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and are closely related to epigenetic modifications.Recent studies have found that lactylation modi-fication,a newly discovered epigenetic mechanism,regulates histones by adding lactyl groups to lysine residues,thereby promoting the transcription and expression of specific genes.Moreover,it also affects the structure and function of non-histone proteins and plays important roles in the pathogenesis of CVD such as atherosclerosis(As),myocardial infarction(MI),ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI)and heart failure(HF)by regulating protein function and gene expression.In this review,the author summarizes and elaborates on the relevant literature on the roles of lactylation modification in CVD published in recent years,in order to provide reference for future research.

This study investigated the association between a proximal promoter polymorphism of IFNGR1 (interferon-γ receptor α chain, IFNGR-α) and breast cancer susceptibility, as well as the prognostic value of its expression variation in breast cancer patients. A case-control study was conducted at the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022. The study included 182 pathologically confirmed breast cancer patients as the breast cancer group, 177 non-tumor patients with benign breast lesions as the benign breast lesions group, and 229 healthy individuals as the normal control group. 2-3 ml EDTA anticoagulant whole blood samples were collected from all participants, and genomic DNA was extracted and stored for further analysis. Basic patient information was retrieved from the hospital′s electronic medical records by patients′ ID number. The proximal promoter sequence of IFNGR1 was obtained from NCBI, and sequencing primers were designed using Primer Premier 6.0. Sanger sequencing was employed to analyze the IFNGR1 promoter sequence in the three groups, and the results were compared with the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) sequence using Bioedit software. Statistical analysis was performed on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFNGR1 promoter. The TCGA database was utilized to assess the relationship between IFNGR1 expression levels and breast cancer patient survival. The findings revealed that the -56 TG genotype of the IFNGR1 promoter was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk ( Z=2.73, P<0.05). Notably, IFNGR1 expression was lower in breast cancer group compared to normal control group ( P<0.05). Analysis of the TCGA database indicated that patients with high IFNGR1 expression had longer survival times than those with low expression ( HR=0.87, 95% CI:0.77-0.98, P<0.05). In summary, the IFNGR1 -56 TG genotype is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and there is a positive correlation between IFNGR1 expression levels and the survival of breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression level of miR-196a in cervical cells infected with high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)16 and 18.METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)was used to screen for dif-ferentially expressed miRNAs between HPV 16 or 18-positive cervical cancer cells and normal cervical cells.On-line biological software https://kmplot.com/analysis/was utilized to analyze the relationship between the most differentially expressed miRNA and the overall survival of cervical cancer patients.Cervical swab samples positive for HPV 16 or HPV 18,detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)genoty-ping,were collected as the study subjects.Cervical swab samples from the same period of physical examination population that were negative for HPV 16 or HPV 18 by qPCR genotyping served as negative controls.The qRT-PCR method was employed to detect the level of miR-196a in cervical cells,with data processed via the 2-△△Ctmethod.RESULTS Differential analysis of the GSE86100 data revealed that miR-196a expression de-creased in HPV 16 or HPV 18-positive cervical cells(log2FC=-6.60,P＜0.001),while miR-3188 expression significantly increased(log2FC=6.22,P＜0.001).Using online analysis tools https://kmplot.com/analysis,it was found that cervical cancer patients with high miR-196a expression had a shorter overall survival compared to those with low m iR-196a expression(HR=1.87,95％CI:1.17-3.00,P=0.008).H owever,there was no cor-relation between miR-3188 and the overall survival of cervical cancer patients(HR=1.47,95％CI:0.92-2.37,P=0.110).The results of specific qRT-PCR testing showed that the expression levels of miR-196a in cervical cells positive for HPV 16 and HPV 18 were 0.93±0.09 and 0.51±0.07,respectively,which were lower than those in the normal control group(1.89±0.13)(P＜0.05),consistent with the sequencing analysis results CONCLUSIONS Infection of cervical cells with HPV 16 or HPV 18 can lead to decreased expression of miR-196a,and the expres-sion level of miR-196a is negatively correlated with the overall survival of cervical cancer patients.

Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)are common complex diseases caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and are closely related to epigenetic modifications.Recent studies have found that lactylation modi-fication,a newly discovered epigenetic mechanism,regulates histones by adding lactyl groups to lysine residues,thereby promoting the transcription and expression of specific genes.Moreover,it also affects the structure and function of non-histone proteins and plays important roles in the pathogenesis of CVD such as atherosclerosis(As),myocardial infarction(MI),ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI)and heart failure(HF)by regulating protein function and gene expression.In this review,the author summarizes and elaborates on the relevant literature on the roles of lactylation modification in CVD published in recent years,in order to provide reference for future research.

This study investigated the association between a proximal promoter polymorphism of IFNGR1 (interferon-γ receptor α chain, IFNGR-α) and breast cancer susceptibility, as well as the prognostic value of its expression variation in breast cancer patients. A case-control study was conducted at the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022. The study included 182 pathologically confirmed breast cancer patients as the breast cancer group, 177 non-tumor patients with benign breast lesions as the benign breast lesions group, and 229 healthy individuals as the normal control group. 2-3 ml EDTA anticoagulant whole blood samples were collected from all participants, and genomic DNA was extracted and stored for further analysis. Basic patient information was retrieved from the hospital′s electronic medical records by patients′ ID number. The proximal promoter sequence of IFNGR1 was obtained from NCBI, and sequencing primers were designed using Primer Premier 6.0. Sanger sequencing was employed to analyze the IFNGR1 promoter sequence in the three groups, and the results were compared with the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) sequence using Bioedit software. Statistical analysis was performed on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFNGR1 promoter. The TCGA database was utilized to assess the relationship between IFNGR1 expression levels and breast cancer patient survival. The findings revealed that the -56 TG genotype of the IFNGR1 promoter was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk ( Z=2.73, P<0.05). Notably, IFNGR1 expression was lower in breast cancer group compared to normal control group ( P<0.05). Analysis of the TCGA database indicated that patients with high IFNGR1 expression had longer survival times than those with low expression ( HR=0.87, 95% CI:0.77-0.98, P<0.05). In summary, the IFNGR1 -56 TG genotype is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and there is a positive correlation between IFNGR1 expression levels and the survival of breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression level of miR-196a in cervical cells infected with high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)16 and 18.METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)was used to screen for dif-ferentially expressed miRNAs between HPV 16 or 18-positive cervical cancer cells and normal cervical cells.On-line biological software https://kmplot.com/analysis/was utilized to analyze the relationship between the most differentially expressed miRNA and the overall survival of cervical cancer patients.Cervical swab samples positive for HPV 16 or HPV 18,detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)genoty-ping,were collected as the study subjects.Cervical swab samples from the same period of physical examination population that were negative for HPV 16 or HPV 18 by qPCR genotyping served as negative controls.The qRT-PCR method was employed to detect the level of miR-196a in cervical cells,with data processed via the 2-△△Ctmethod.RESULTS Differential analysis of the GSE86100 data revealed that miR-196a expression de-creased in HPV 16 or HPV 18-positive cervical cells(log2FC=-6.60,P＜0.001),while miR-3188 expression significantly increased(log2FC=6.22,P＜0.001).Using online analysis tools https://kmplot.com/analysis,it was found that cervical cancer patients with high miR-196a expression had a shorter overall survival compared to those with low m iR-196a expression(HR=1.87,95％CI:1.17-3.00,P=0.008).H owever,there was no cor-relation between miR-3188 and the overall survival of cervical cancer patients(HR=1.47,95％CI:0.92-2.37,P=0.110).The results of specific qRT-PCR testing showed that the expression levels of miR-196a in cervical cells positive for HPV 16 and HPV 18 were 0.93±0.09 and 0.51±0.07,respectively,which were lower than those in the normal control group(1.89±0.13)(P＜0.05),consistent with the sequencing analysis results CONCLUSIONS Infection of cervical cells with HPV 16 or HPV 18 can lead to decreased expression of miR-196a,and the expres-sion level of miR-196a is negatively correlated with the overall survival of cervical cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effect and potential mechanism of Qingxue xiaozhi jiangtang formula on insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.METHODS T2DM rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin combined with high-fat and high-sugar diet.The rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,Qingxue xiaozhi jiangtang formula low-dose and high-dose groups (6.525,13.05 g/kg,calculated by raw material) and metformin group (positive control,0.18 g/kg),with 8 rats in each group.Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically;normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 6 weeks.Body mass and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were determined,and oral glucose tolerance test was conducted.Serum fasting insulin (FINS) level was measured to calculate the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI).Additionally,the level of serum lipids,liver function,oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors were assessed.The phosphorylation levels of kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) protein in liver tissue of rats were determined.RESULTS Compared with model group,the body weight,ISI,the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and superoxide dismutase were increased significantly in Qingxue xiaozhi jiangtang formula high-dose group and metformin group (P<0.05);FBG,blood glucose level at 120 minutes of glucose loading,area under the curve of glucose,FINS,HOMA-IR,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,total cholesterol,triglyceride,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase,malondialdehyde,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and C-reactive protein levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05);the pathological damage of liver tissue had significantly improved,and the phosphorylation levels of PERK and FOXO1 proteins in liver tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS Qingxue xiaozhi jiangtang formula can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism,inflammation factor and oxidative stress levels,and alleviate insulin resistance in T2DM rats.Its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the PERK/FOXO1 signaling pathway.