The key to the onset and progression of the functional impairments of orthopedic diseases is imba-lance of deficiency and excess， disharmony of movement and stillness， dislocation of sinews and bones， imbalance of rigidity and flexibility， and disharmony of body and spirit. Based on this， the "five views" treatment principle has been proposed for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） orthopedic rehabilitation， which include the view of balancing deficiency and excess， combining movement and stillness， focusing on both sinews and bones， integrating rigidity and flexibility， and harmonizing body and spirit. Correspondingly， the "five views" collaborative rehabilitation clinical model is established， providing a reference for enhancing the systematization and targeting of TCM orthopedic rehabilitation.

Objective:To investigate the current application status of prophylactic anti-infective drugs during the perioperative period in liver transplantation centers and provide data references for further standardizing prophylactic regimens.Methods:A questionnaire comprising 53 questions across 5 dimensions was designed and released using the WJX platform. The dimensions included basic information about medical institutions, perioperative pathogenic microorganisms, current status of empirical antibacterial prophylaxis, adjustments to prophylactic anti-infective strategies, and an overview of prophylactic measures against other pathogens. Based on the survey results, the types of common perioperative pathogens in liver transplantation, types of prophylactic antibacterial drugs, timing and duration of administration, upgraded prophylaxis strategies (such as escalation of antibiotic classes or extension of drug application duration), and prevention strategies for other pathogens were summarized.Results:A total of 13 completed questionnaires from pharmacists at liver transplantation centers were collected. The most common pathogens during the perioperative period were Gram-negative bacilli, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The most frequently used prophylactic antibacterial drugs were cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam. Regarding the timing of administration, 9 centers administered drugs 0.5 to 1.0 hour before surgery, 3 within 0.5 hour, and 1 within 1 hour preoperatively. The prophylactic duration was within 7 days postoperatively for living donor liver transplantation in 10 centers, while for cadaveric donor liver transplantation, only 6 centers adhered to the 7-day duration. When donors had infections with sensitive bacteria, 9 centers upgraded prevention strategies: 2 centers escalated the antibiotic class or adjusted regimens, 5 centers extended the duration of prophylaxis, 2 centers implemented donor-specific susceptibility-guided antibacterial treatments regardless of colonization or infection, and 5 centers administered prophylaxis only in cases of colonization based on donor susceptibility results. When donors had multi-drug resistance bacterial infections, 11 centers upgraded prevention strategies: 7 escalated the antibiotic class or adjusted regimens, 4 extended prophylaxis duration, 6 implemented susceptibility-guided treatments irrespective of colonization or infection, 1 administered prophylaxis only for colonization based on donor susceptibility results, and 2 abandoned transplantations. 7 centers routinely applied antifungal prophylactic measures, including 1 for preoperative prophylaxis and 6 for postoperative prophylaxis, using caspofungin (4 centers), fluconazole (2 centers), posaconazole (1 center), and micafungin (1 center). 6 centers initiated antifungal prophylaxis in cases with donor or recipient fungal infection history or active fungal infections detected during liver procurement. Most antifungal prophylaxis was administered within 72 hours postoperative (11 centers), with durations mostly within 14 days (12 centers). For viral infections, 6 centers adopted routine postoperative prophylactic measures. Conclusions:Currently, the perioperative prophylactic anti-infective strategies in 13 liver transplantation centers are not standardized. High-quality multicenter clinical studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of different prophylactic regimens, aiming to further standardize the types and durations of prophylactic drug use.

OBJECTIVE Aimed at investigating whether reflux pharyngitis is an independent risk factor for the failure of type Ⅰ tympanoplasty for chronic otitis media.This is achieved by analyzing the relationship between the postoperative tympanic membrane healing in patients who underwent type Ⅰ tympanoplasty and pharyngolaryngeal reflux finding score(RFS).METHODS Patients who underwent type Ⅰ tympanoplasty in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Nanshan People's Hospital,Shenzhen,China,from January 2023 to July 2024 were retrospectively included.All the patients received preoperative perfect nasal endoscopy,laryngoscopy,evaluation by the RFS questionnaire,preoperative otoscopy for tympanoplasty,pure tone hearing threshold,and temporal bone thin-layer CT examination.Postoperative otoscopic examination was performed to observe tympanic membrane healing and followed up for 3 months.The patients were divided into surgery success group and failure group based on the criterion of whether a complete tympanic membrane was formed by endoscopic examination within 3 months.The RFS scores of the two groups were statistically analyzed.RESULTS A total of 135 patients with an average age of 44.78 years(±12.22 years)took part in this study,with 60 males and 75 females included,and 68 left ears and 67 right ears involved.There were 120 patients in the surgery success group,and 15 patients in the failure group.Statistical analysis revealed that the RFS score of the patients in the tympanoplasty failure group was remarkably higher than that of the patients in the tympanoplasty success group.Moreover,there were significantly more cases with suspected reflux pharyngitis in the surgery failure group(P=0.007).Reflux-induced tympanic membrane lesion and reperforation mostly occurred in the central part of the tympanic membrane graft.CONCLUSION Reflux pharyngitis has been implicated with tympanoplasty failure,and thus may be a causative factor.Additionally,the RFS can be used to screen patients with chronic suppurative otitis media for suspected reflux pharyngitis.Findings from this work indicate that perioperative anti-reflux therapy,combined with dietary and lifestyle counselling for the patients who suffer from reflux pharyngitis and are about to undergo the tympanoplasty surgery may improve surgical success rate.

Acute urinary retention(AUR)occurs frequently among astronauts on orbit.The current treatment is complex and easy to damage the urethra,which seriously affects the life and work of astronauts.In contrast,acupuncture,a traditional Chinese remedy,has shown promising results in managing urinary retention.However,the specific acupoints that could potentially prevent AUR remain uncertain due to the unique physiological conditions experienced by individuals in space compared to those on Earth.To address this gap,our research delved into the mechanisms of AUR and acupuncture within both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical practices.We conducted a thorough literature review from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese Medical Code database.A hierarchical evidence-scoring approach was utilized to analyze the included literatures,thus devised acupuncture protocols for the treatment of AUR.The outcomes of our study aim to establish a foundation for the application of acupuncture in managing AUR.

Under the influence of long-term space flights and the confined space environment,it is very easy to induce space depression syndrome,mainly manifested as decreased emotional stability,sleep disorders,mental fatigue,etc.,which seriously affect the living conditions and working abilities of astronauts.The current treatment methods mainly focus on psychological support and drug intervention.Acupuncture has a good effect in treating depression.Therefore,starting from the TCM pathogenesis and modern medical pathogenesis of aerospace depression syndrome,we conducted literature retrieval from databases such as the Chinese Medical Classic,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Web of science.For the included literature,we adopted the stratified evidence scoring method and combined the TCM mechanism and modern medical mechanism of the effect of acupuncture.A prescription for acupuncture points was constructed to provide a basis for selecting acupuncture points for the prevention of aerospace depression syndrome through acupuncture.

The health problems of operators who are not adapted to the special environment of sailing and diving.Ships and submarines are far away from the coast,medical resources are limited,at present the main use of drugs to prevent and control related diseases,but the actual application of the effect is not ideal,many drugs in the treatment of disease at the same time,it will make the operating personnel to produce drowsiness,decreased concentration or drug allergies and other adverse reactions,affecting the implementation of the mission of long-distance voyage.Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the overall concept,can mobilize the body's self-repair ability,the ability to adapt to the external environment,in the prevention and treatment of disease at the same time,can regulate the body's internal organs function,safeguard the body's function,to ensure the effectiveness of the operator's work,and many of the interventions of traditional Chinese medicine is simple and easy to carry out,is not confined to the environmental limitations of the navigation and diving medicine has a very strong applicability.In this paper,we discuss the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine in the body under the environment of navigation and diving,summarize the current status of the application of Traditional Chinese medicine in navigation and diving medicine,and look forward to the future direction of the application of Traditional Chinese medicine,in order to provide a new way of thinking for the research of navigation and diving medicine with Chinese characteristics.

Objective To investigate whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)can improve the muscle strength,endurance and work efficiency of calf muscles in healthy young men,aiming to explore a new method for preventing and combating microgravity-induced muscle atrophy in space environments.Methods 40 healthy young men aged 18-35 years were randomly divided into a Control group(Pseudo Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation)and a Experimental group(Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation)in a 1∶1 ratio,with 20 participants in each group.In the Control group,the indicator light of the stimulator was covered,and the device was turned on,but the electrodes did not contact the skin,The device automatically turned offafter 3 seconds.In the Experimental group,the TEAS device was connected to the current and TEAS intervention was performed.The electrical stimulation waveform was a sperse-dense wave with a frequency of 4/20 Hz,and the intensity was determined by patient tolerance.The acupoints selected for electrical stimulation in both groups were bilateral Zusanli(ST36)、Liangqiu(ST34),Taixi(KI3),and Fuliu(KI7).Zusanli and Liangqiu were paired,and Taixi and Fuliu were paired.The intervention frequency was 30 min/time,1 time/day,6 days/week,for 2 weeks.The relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s,and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral calf muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 0th,7th,and 14d day of the experiment.Results After 1 week of TEAS,compared with Control group,there were no significant changes in the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral anterior calf muscles in the Experimental group(all P>0.05);however,compared with Control group,the relative peak torque at 60°/s and the relative peak torque at 180°/s of the bilateral posterior calf muscles in the Experimental group were significantly increased(all P<0.05).After 2 weeks TEAS;compared with the Control group,there were no significant changes in the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral anterior calf muscles in the Experimental group(all P>0.05);however,the relative peak torque at 60°/s,relative peak torque at 180°/s,and average power at 180°/s of the bilateral posterior calf muscles were significantly increased in the Experimental group(all P<0.05).Conclusion TEAS of Zusanli,Liangqiu,Fuliu and Taixi acupoints on the lower limbs for 2 weeks can effectively improve the maximum muscle strength,endurance and work efficiency of the posterior calf muscles in healthy young men.

Objective To clarify the prescription of acupoints for preventing and controlling insomnia problems of astronauts in orbit and to verify its effectiveness through ground-based experiments,so as to provide reference for space-based applications.Methods 60 patients with mild to moderate insomnia were randomly divided into 30 cases each in the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was treated with TEAS,and the acupoints were Neiguan,Waiguan,Shenmen,Hegu,Shenmai,Zhaohai,Taixi,and Sanyinjiao for 30 min/times every other day for 4 weeks;the control group was treated with waiting.The TEAS treatment was evaluated using Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),insomnia severity index(ISI),Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),and indicators measured by the sleep monitor at pre-treatment,2-week,4-week,and 8-week follow-ups.Clinical efficacy for mild to moderate insomnia was assessed.Results The PSQI,ISI,and HAMD scores in the experimental group exhibited a decreasing trend during treatment and at follow-up,with significantly greater improvement compared to the control group(P<0.05).The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in HAMA scores than the control group at both the 4-week and 8-week follow-up assessments(P<0.05).Additionally,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in reducing nighttime awakenings and enhancing sleep efficiency compared to the control group at the 4-week treatment mark(P<0.05).Conclusion TEAS Neiguan,Waiguan,Shenmen,Hegu,Shenmai,Zhaohai,Taixi and Sanyinjiao acupoints can significantly improve the sleep quality and anxiety and depression of patients with mild to moderate insomnia,and provide clinical data support for the prevention and treatment of insomnia in astronauts in orbit.

Pinellia ternata， belonging to the Pinellia genus within the Araceae family， is a medicinal plant due to its tubers. There are severe issues with unclear germplasm and mixed varieties in its cultivation， necessitating urgent new variety protection efforts. The distinctness， uniformity， and stability （DUS） testing of the plant variety is the basis for protecting new plant varieties， and the DUS test guidelines are the technical basis for DUS testing. To develop the DUS test guidelines for P. ternata， agronomic traits of 229 germplasm of P. ternata were observed and measured during its two growth stages over the years， and each character was graded and described. A total of 38 traits were selected as the test traits of the DUS test guideline for P. ternata. There were three plant traits， 19 leaf traits， six flower traits， two fruit traits， two tuber traits， five bulbil traits， and one ploidy trait. These traits could be divided into 22 quality characters， 12 quantitative characters， and four pseudo-quantitative characters， as well as seven groups， including plants， leaves， flowers， fruit， tubers， bulbils， and ploidy. By searching for standard traits， 10 standard varieties were ultimately determined. Preparing these guidelines will have great significance for reviewing and protecting P. ternata varieties， safeguarding breeders' rights， and promoting the development of the P. ternata industry.

Objective:To investigate the current application status of prophylactic anti-infective drugs during the perioperative period in liver transplantation centers and provide data references for further standardizing prophylactic regimens.Methods:A questionnaire comprising 53 questions across 5 dimensions was designed and released using the WJX platform. The dimensions included basic information about medical institutions, perioperative pathogenic microorganisms, current status of empirical antibacterial prophylaxis, adjustments to prophylactic anti-infective strategies, and an overview of prophylactic measures against other pathogens. Based on the survey results, the types of common perioperative pathogens in liver transplantation, types of prophylactic antibacterial drugs, timing and duration of administration, upgraded prophylaxis strategies (such as escalation of antibiotic classes or extension of drug application duration), and prevention strategies for other pathogens were summarized.Results:A total of 13 completed questionnaires from pharmacists at liver transplantation centers were collected. The most common pathogens during the perioperative period were Gram-negative bacilli, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The most frequently used prophylactic antibacterial drugs were cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam. Regarding the timing of administration, 9 centers administered drugs 0.5 to 1.0 hour before surgery, 3 within 0.5 hour, and 1 within 1 hour preoperatively. The prophylactic duration was within 7 days postoperatively for living donor liver transplantation in 10 centers, while for cadaveric donor liver transplantation, only 6 centers adhered to the 7-day duration. When donors had infections with sensitive bacteria, 9 centers upgraded prevention strategies: 2 centers escalated the antibiotic class or adjusted regimens, 5 centers extended the duration of prophylaxis, 2 centers implemented donor-specific susceptibility-guided antibacterial treatments regardless of colonization or infection, and 5 centers administered prophylaxis only in cases of colonization based on donor susceptibility results. When donors had multi-drug resistance bacterial infections, 11 centers upgraded prevention strategies: 7 escalated the antibiotic class or adjusted regimens, 4 extended prophylaxis duration, 6 implemented susceptibility-guided treatments irrespective of colonization or infection, 1 administered prophylaxis only for colonization based on donor susceptibility results, and 2 abandoned transplantations. 7 centers routinely applied antifungal prophylactic measures, including 1 for preoperative prophylaxis and 6 for postoperative prophylaxis, using caspofungin (4 centers), fluconazole (2 centers), posaconazole (1 center), and micafungin (1 center). 6 centers initiated antifungal prophylaxis in cases with donor or recipient fungal infection history or active fungal infections detected during liver procurement. Most antifungal prophylaxis was administered within 72 hours postoperative (11 centers), with durations mostly within 14 days (12 centers). For viral infections, 6 centers adopted routine postoperative prophylactic measures. Conclusions:Currently, the perioperative prophylactic anti-infective strategies in 13 liver transplantation centers are not standardized. High-quality multicenter clinical studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of different prophylactic regimens, aiming to further standardize the types and durations of prophylactic drug use.