ObjectiveTo explore the application of virtual reality biofeedback training combined with oral localization therapy in dysphagia after oral cancer surgery. MethodsFrom May, 2023 to July, 2024, 86 patients with dysphagia after oral cancer surgery in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 43) and experimental group (n = 43). The control group received conventional swallowing function training, while the experimental group added virtual reality biofeedback training combined with oral positioning therapy, for four weeks. The Standardized Swallowing Function Assessment Scale (SSA), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and M.D.Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) were used for evaluation before intervention, and two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks after intervention. ResultsFor scores of SSA , the main effects of group (F = 150.190, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.641) and time (F = 230.870, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.733), as well as the interaction effect (F = 16.910, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.168) were all significant. For scores of FOIS, the main effects of group (F = 59.601, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.415) and time (F = 89.464, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.516), as well as the interaction effect (F = 7.990, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.087) were all significant. For scores of MDADI, the main effects of group (F = 33.133, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.283) and time (F = 49.650, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.371), as well as the interaction effect (F = 3.224, P = 0.023, η²_p = 0.037) were all significant. ConclusionVirtual reality biofeedback training combined with oral localization therapy could improve the swallowing function, oral feeding ability and overall quality of life of patients with dysphagia after oral cancer surgery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.009.].

Hematologic malignancies,such as lymphoma,myeloma,and myeloid neoplasms,can occur in extramedullary tissues.Traditional histopathological morphology and immunohistochemical staining have lim-itations,including time-consuming specimen processing,prolonged reporting cycles,and relatively low sensi-tivity in cases of limited cell numbers.Flow cytometry offers significant advantages in detecting tissue sam-ples,such as rapid processing,shorter reporting cycles,and high accuracy and sensitivity,making it an effective complement to histopathological and immunohistochemical methods.However,the application of flow cytome-try in tissue sample detection currently lacks standardized protocols for sample collection and preservation,single-cell suspension preparation,antibody panel design for limited samples,data analysis,and result repor-ting.To promote the standardized application of flow cytometry in detecting hematologic tumor cells in tissue samples,the Cell Analysis Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Biotechnology organized experts to develop the Chinese Expert Consensus on Flow Cytometry for Detecting Hematologic Tumor Cells in Tis-sue Samples(hereinafter referred to as the Consensus).This Consensus elaborates on the technical aspects of flow cytometry for tissue sample detection,covering sample processing,antibody panel design,data analysis,reporting content,and quality management.It particularly emphasizes recommended antibody panels and data analysis methods for flow cytometry when tissue sample cell counts are low.This article aims to interpret the key points of the Consensus to facilitate its better application in clinical practice.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Duplicate judicial expertise has always been a difficult problem in the judicial circle.In some major,complex and difficult criminal cases,due to the objection to the appraisal conclusion,in order to ensure the impartiality and objectivity of the conclusion,the case handling organ often still needs to submit a re-appraisal.Based on the case,this paper puts forward some analysis opinions on the judicial expertise ideas of multiple cases for reference and discussion.Repeated forensic examinations have always been a challenge in the judicial system.In some major,complex,and difficult criminal cases,due to disagreements with previous assessment opinions,case-handling authorities often need to request re-evaluations to ensure the fairness and objectivity of assessment conclusions.This paper,combined with case examples,proposes several analytical perspectives on assessment approaches for cases requiring multiple evaluations,for reference and discussion among colleagues.

Duplicate judicial expertise has always been a difficult problem in the judicial circle.In some major,complex and difficult criminal cases,due to the objection to the appraisal conclusion,in order to ensure the impartiality and objectivity of the conclusion,the case handling organ often still needs to submit a re-appraisal.Based on the case,this paper puts forward some analysis opinions on the judicial expertise ideas of multiple cases for reference and discussion.Repeated forensic examinations have always been a challenge in the judicial system.In some major,complex,and difficult criminal cases,due to disagreements with previous assessment opinions,case-handling authorities often need to request re-evaluations to ensure the fairness and objectivity of assessment conclusions.This paper,combined with case examples,proposes several analytical perspectives on assessment approaches for cases requiring multiple evaluations,for reference and discussion among colleagues.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and neurophysiological features of patients with neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) and explore their neurological function status.Methods:Clinical data and neurophysiological findings of 90 patients diagnosed with NA at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from September 2016 to January 2024 were collected and their clinical phenotypes and neurophysiological characteristics were systematically summarized and analyzed.Results:Among the 90 patients, males accounted for 60.0% (54 cases) and females accounted for 40.0% (36 cases). The duration of the disease was 12 (3, 36) months (ranged from 1 week to 5 years). The onset age of the patients was 58 (30, 70) (21-87) years. Unilateral involvement was noted in 94.4% (85/90) of patients, exhibiting a left-to-right ratio of 1∶1.3, while only 5.6% (5/90) had bilateral involvement. The majority of patients demonstrated a monophasic clinical course with a recurrence rate of just 2.2% (2/90). The primary clinical manifestations included upper limb pain in 70.0% (63/90) of patients, which progressed to muscle weakness and atrophy within 1 day to 1 month, whereas 30.0% (27/90) of patients without significant pain symptoms. Lesions predominantly affected the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, which accounted for 64.4% (58/90) of patients. Distal nerve injuries in the upper limb were observed in 14.4% (13/90) of patients, with 6.7% (6/90) demonstrating isolated anterior interosseous nerve involvement and another 6.7% (6/90) exhibiting isolated posterior interosseous nerve involvement; 1 case had concurrent anterior and posterior interosseous nerve damage. Additionally, 1 case presented with bilateral phrenic nerve involvement, and another patient had isolated posterior tibial nerve injury. Electrophysiological evaluations of patients with NA revealed that axonal damage to motor nerve fibers was a hallmark feature of the condition. Among patients undergoing motor nerve conduction studies, 68.8% (55/80) exhibited decreased compound muscle action potential amplitude, and 31.3% (25/80) had prolonged latency. Sensory nerve conduction was normal in 60.0% (48/80) of patients, while abnormalities included prolonged latency in 15.0% (12/80), reduced amplitude in 12.5% (10/80), slowed conduction velocity in 8.8% (7/80), and absent waveforms in 3.8% (3/80) of patients. The rates of abnormal nerve conduction findings in motor nerves were the highest in the suprascapular nerve (70.6%, 36/51), followed by the axillary nerve (58.3%, 35/60), musculocutaneous nerve (50.7%, 35/69), long thoracic nerve (6/17), and both anterior and posterior interosseous nerves (7.5%, 6/80 each). In sensory nerves, abnormalities were predominantly noted in the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (30.0%, 12/40). Needle electromyography demonstrated neurogenic damage, most frequently affecting the infraspinatus muscle (69.2%, 18/26), biceps brachii (68.1%, 49/72), and deltoid muscle (65.3%, 47/72). The positive rate of magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) for NA was 62.1% (41/66), among which 63.4% (26/41) showed localized swelling of the brachial plexus, 51.2% (21/41) exhibited T 2 hyperintensity, and 4.9% (2/41) demonstrated denervated changes in the muscles. The positive rate of ultrasound for NA was 71.1% (59/83), with 91.5% (54/59) showing nerve swelling and 8.5% (5/59) exhibiting hourglass constriction .Conclusions:NA is a peripheral neuropathy characterized by spontaneous pain, limb weakness, and (or) muscle atrophy primarily. Its clinical phenotype predominantly involves damage to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, which can also manifest as isolated mononeuropathy. Neurophysiological findings most commonly reveal the neurogenic damage to the muscles innervated by the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, mainly characterized by the axonal damage to the motor nerves, and pure motor nerve damage may also be observed. MRN and neuroultrasound can assist in qualitative diagnosis.

Objective:To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke. Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of acupuncture treatment for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke meeting the inclusion criteria in Cochrane Library,Medline,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),SinoMed,Chongqing VIP Database(VIP),and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang)published from each database's inception to February 2023 were retrieved by computer.Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias using Cochrane's risk of bias tool.Review Manager 5.4 was used for data analysis.Continuous data were evaluated using mean difference(MD)with a 95%confidence interval(CI),and dichotomous data were analyzed using risk ratio(RR). Results:A total of 24 trials,including 1 970 participants,were included in the study.The meta-analysis of 7 trials showed that compared to the rehabilitation therapy,acupuncture therapy was more effective in improving the simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment score after 1-month treatments[MD=10.52,95%CI(7.81,13.23),P<0.001].The meta-analysis of 2 articles showed the same tendency after 6-month treatments[MD=19.18,95%CI(11.34,27.02),P<0.001],and the 6-month treatment course resulted in better outcomes than the 1-month course.The meta-analysis of 8 trials showed that acupuncture had a better improvement on the Barthel index score than rehabilitation therapy after 1-month treatments[MD=10.78,95%CI(8.91,12.64),P<0.001].The meta-analysis of 2 articles showed the same tendency after 6-month treatments[MD=19.94,95%CI(19.02,20.87),P<0.001],and the 6-month course was better than the 1-month course.The meta-analysis of 2 trials showed that the effective rate of the modified Ashworth scale score improvement was more notable in the acupuncture group after 1-month treatments[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.02,1.40),P=0.020].One trial reported no adverse event,and 1 trial reported 3 adverse events without severe influence. Conclusion:Acupuncture might be an effective and safe therapy for spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke,but more high-quality,large-sample objectively-evaluated RCTs are needed to validate the conclusion.

Objective:To explore the association between postoperative radiotherapy for bladder cancer and the risk of second primary rectal cancer.Methods:Eligible 75 120 patients with bladder cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (1975-2017) were enrolled in this study. The second primary cancers referred to rectal cancers patients suffered after more than five years post-treatment for bladder cancer, and the cumulative incidence was estimated using Fine-Gray competing risk regression. The relative risk (RR) of rectal cancer in patients treated with or without radiotherapy (the RT group or the NRT group) was evaluated using Poisson regression.Results:Among the 75 120 patients, 70 045 (92.4%) were Caucasian, with a median age of 65.8 years (54-74 years). A total of 2 236 (3%) received postoperative radiotherapy, while 72 884 (97%) received surgery alone. The 30-year follow-up revealed a cumulative incidence of rectal cancer of 0.93% in the RT group and 0.43% in the NRT group ( P = 0.004). The competing risk regression analysis identified a significant association between radiotherapy and rectal cancer ( HR: 1.86; 95% CI 1.26-2.74, P < 0.009). Furthermore, the RR of radiotherapy-associated rectal cancer significantly increased as the diagnosis occurred earlier (1975-1985 vs. 1985-1994: RR 2.59; 95% CI 1.20-4.86, P < 0.001), and a lower age at the time of radiotherapy was associated with a higher probability of second primary tumors (≤50-year old vs. > 50 year old : RR 7.89, 95% CI 2.97-21.30, P < 0.001). As calculated using the Poisson distribution, the RR of second rectal tumors was higher in the RT group ( RR: 2.20, 95% CI 1.45-3.18, P < 0.001), even after adjusting the date of diagnosis ( RR: 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.57, P = 0.009). Conclusions:An increased risk of rectal cancer following bladder cancer radiotherapy necessitates aggressive follow-ups for the purpose of early detecting second primary rectal cancer associated with bladder cancer radiotherapy.