Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.

Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the functional connectivity of cognitive control network in untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients,so as to provide evidence for understanding the neurobiological mechanism of CBT.Methods A total of 45 OCD patients and 45 matched normal controls were recruited at the outpatient clinic in Beijing Anding Hospital.Four therapists provided 14 times of CBT treatment for OCD patients.All subjects underwent clinical symptom assessment and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks.The clinical symptoms were assessed by the psychiatrists using Y-BOCS,HAMD17 and HAMA.The clinical symptoms of OCD patients before and after CBT treatment were compared.The GRETNA software package was used to preprocess the resting-state fMRI data.The whole brain function network was constructed with the template of Power 264 functional brain area as the network node.The function connection intensity outside the cognitive control network was calculated,and the function connection of 2 groups of brain networks at two timepoints were compared by repeated measurement of variance analysis.Results A total of 41 patients completed CBT.The scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms,anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms decreased at the end of 12th week,of which 32 patients were improved (Y-BOCS reduction ≥35％).Single factor repeated analysis of variance and post hoc tests were performed between patients with improvement and normal controls.At baseline,the functional connection between the cingulo-opercular network and the salience network of OCD patients was lower than that of the normal control (0.172±0.060 vs.0.215±0.076,t=1.731,P=0.040),it increased after treatment (0.186±0.171 vs.0.172±0.060,t=2.480,P=0.010).At baseline,the functional connection of cingulo-opercular network and subcortical network in OCD patients was lower than that of normal control (0.119±0.081 vs.0.129±0.070,t=1.640,P=0.040),and it increased after treatment (0.130±0.161 vs.0.119±0.081,t=2.421,P=0.020).At baseline,the functional connection between the frontal-parietal network and subcortical network was lower than that of normal controls (-0.004 ± 0.039 vs.0.021 ± 0.054,t=2.280,P=0.020),and it increased after treatment (0.020±0.042 vs.-0.004±0.039,t=-2.300 P=0.020).Conclusions CBT could effectively improve obsessive-compulsive symptoms accompanying with improvement of the external functional connectivity of cognitive control network in OCD patients.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the functional connectivity of cognitive control network in untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients,so as to provide evidence for understanding the neurobiological mechanism of CBT.Methods A total of 45 OCD patients and 45 matched normal controls were recruited at the outpatient clinic in Beijing Anding Hospital.Four therapists provided 14 times of CBT treatment for OCD patients.All subjects underwent clinical symptom assessment and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks.The clinical symptoms were assessed by the psychiatrists using Y-BOCS,HAMD17 and HAMA.The clinical symptoms of OCD patients before and after CBT treatment were compared.The GRETNA software package was used to preprocess the resting-state fMRI data.The whole brain function network was constructed with the template of Power 264 functional brain area as the network node.The function connection intensity outside the cognitive control network was calculated,and the function connection of 2 groups of brain networks at two timepoints were compared by repeated measurement of variance analysis.Results A total of 41 patients completed CBT.The scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms,anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms decreased at the end of 12th week,of which 32 patients were improved (Y-BOCS reduction ≥35％).Single factor repeated analysis of variance and post hoc tests were performed between patients with improvement and normal controls.At baseline,the functional connection between the cingulo-opercular network and the salience network of OCD patients was lower than that of the normal control (0.172±0.060 vs.0.215±0.076,t=1.731,P=0.040),it increased after treatment (0.186±0.171 vs.0.172±0.060,t=2.480,P=0.010).At baseline,the functional connection of cingulo-opercular network and subcortical network in OCD patients was lower than that of normal control (0.119±0.081 vs.0.129±0.070,t=1.640,P=0.040),and it increased after treatment (0.130±0.161 vs.0.119±0.081,t=2.421,P=0.020).At baseline,the functional connection between the frontal-parietal network and subcortical network was lower than that of normal controls (-0.004 ± 0.039 vs.0.021 ± 0.054,t=2.280,P=0.020),and it increased after treatment (0.020±0.042 vs.-0.004±0.039,t=-2.300 P=0.020).Conclusions CBT could effectively improve obsessive-compulsive symptoms accompanying with improvement of the external functional connectivity of cognitive control network in OCD patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of isopimaric acid ( ISO), the BKCa channel activator, on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mice. Methods Alzet osmotic pump was loaded with ISO or DMSO only and assembled with ALZET Brain Infusion Kit III. The cannula was implanted into the lateral ventricle of 4-month-old male APP/PS1 mice or matched wild type ( WT) mice. Two weeks later, open field test and Morris water maze were conducted. Paired-pulse facilitation ( PPF) and TBS-induced long-term potentiation ( LTP ) were recorded in CA1 region of hippocampus. Results The open field test showed that there was no significant difference among the four groups in spontaneous activities and vertical plane movement distance within 30 minutes. Floor plane movement distance was significantly greater in APP/PS1+DMSO group than that in WT+DMSO group(P<0.05) . Compared with the WT+DMSO group, APP/PS1+DMSO group had significantly longer escape latency from the third to fifth day and lower percentage of time spent in the target quadrant ((43.27±3.24)% vs (34.19±2.56)%) and the number of crossing through the platform ((4.25±0.66)times vs (1.93±0.33)times)(P<0.05). Compared with the APP/PS1+DMSO group, the APP/PS1+ISO group had significantly shorter escape latency from the fourth to fifth day and higher percentage of time spent in the target quadrant ((46.16±3.51)%) and the number of crossing through the platform ((3.41±0.34) times) (P<0.05). PPF in APP/PS1+DMSO group significantly reduced compared with that in WT+DMSO group at 30-50ms interstimulus interval(P<0.05). PPF in APP/PS1+ISO group((224.50±13.79)%) was significantly augment compared with APP/PS1+DMSO ((174.99 ±6.68)%) group at 40 ms interstimulus interval (P<0.05). The LTP at 60 min post-TBS was significantly smaller in the APP/PS1+DMSO group ((135.19±1.32)%) than that in the WT+DMSO group ((172.17± 4.15)%)(P<0.001). The LTP of the APP/PS1+ISO group((160.48±1.19)%) became significantly in-creased compared with that in the APP/PS1+DMSO group(P<0.001).Conclusion BKCa channel activator ISO improve the learning and memory function of APP/PS1 mice by promoting PPF and increasing LTP to recover synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.

Objective To evaluate the effect of injection of ozone (O3) through lateral recess for the treatment of radiculitis caused by lumbar disc herniation on the blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninety-six patients with radiculitis caused by lumbar disc herniation involving 48 patients with diabetes mellitus and 48 patients without diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study.The diabetic or non-diabetic patients were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =24 each):non-diabetic patients-O3 group (group N-O3 ),non-diabetic patients-ghcocorticoid group (group N-GC),diabetic patients-O3 group (group D-O3 ),and diabetic patients-glucocorticoid group (group D-GC).In N-O3 and D-O3 groups,30 mg/L O3 10 ml was injected via the lateral recess.In N-GC and D-GC groups,compound betamethasone injection 3.5 mg was injected via the lateral recess.The blood glucose level was measured before treatment (T1),1 and 4 h after treatment (T3,4),and 1,3 and 7 days after treatment (T5-7).VAS score was recorded at T1,immediately after treatment (T2),and at T5-7.The patients' quality of life was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (MOS SF-36 Health Survey) questionnaire at T1,7.The therapeutic effect was evaluated at T7.The side effects were recorded.Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,VAS scores were significantly decreased after treatment,while the MOS SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire scores for physical functioning,bodily pain,role emotional,and mental health in all groups,for general health in group N-GC,and for vitality in groups D-O3 and N-O3 were significantly increased at T7,and the blood glucose level was significantly increased at T4 in groups N-GC and D-O3,and at T3-7 in group D-GC ( P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant change in the blood glucose level before and after treatment in group N-O3.The blood glucose level was significantly higher in group N-GC than in group N-O3,and in group D-GC than in group D-O3 ( P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the excellent and good rates and all the MOS SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire scores among all groups.No side effects were found in the study.Conclusion Injection of ozone through lateral recess for treatment of radiculitis caused by lumbar disc herniation exerts no influence on the blood glucose level in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To evaluate the utility of short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence in the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis ( HS).Methods Twenty-one patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy without neoplasm lesions or injuries by conventional MRI sequence including T1WI,T2WI and FLAIR were included in this study.STIR imaging in axial,coronal and sagittal sequences was performed on these patients. Diagnosis of HS was based on the findings of hippocampal atrophy,alteration signal,disturbed internal structure and enlargement of the inferior horn. The findings shown on conventional MRI were compared with those on STIR sequence. Furthermore,the correlation of radiologic and histological findings was investigated in 6 patients operated for refractory seizures. Results On conventional MRI sequence,14 patients (66.7％) were confirmed with unilateral HS and 4 patients were suspected with unilateral HS. In contrast,all these 18 patients (85.7％) were confirmed with unilateral HS by STIR.Particularly,STIR sequence delineated the internal structure of hippocampus more clearly than conventional MRI sequences did. C shaped contour in subiculum-CA1-CA2 was revealed in normal hippocampus on STIR sequence and disappeared in HS,correlated to the pathology finding of loss of neuron in CA1 in resected tissues in 6 operated patients.The patients with HS also showed areas of hypodensity in CA4 on STIR,in accordance with pathologic findings of gliosis in this area in the 6 operated patients.Conclusion STIR sequence could depict the internal anatomical structure of hippocampus with high resolution superior to conventional MRI sequences,and can be of great value in the diagnosis of HS.