Objective To investigate the contamination status of cloth mouse pads in dental clinics,and provide theoretical basis for standardizing environmental surface disinfection and scientific intervention in dental clinics.Methods The contamination status of cloth mouse pads in 5 dental clinics were investigated by adenosine triphos-phate(ATP)fluorescence detection method,visual observation method,and bacterial culture method.Disinfection efficacy of ultraviolet disinfection method and wiping disinfection using two types of disinfectant wipes on cloth mouse pads and photovoltaic glass mouse pads was compared.Intervention measures(using photovoltaic glass mouse pads,regular cleaning and disinfecting)were taken,and contamination status of cloth mouse pads in different departments before and after intervention was compared.Results The baseline investigation found that the conta-mination status of mouse pads varied in different dental clinics.The qualified rate of bacterial culture of mouse pads in department of endodontics was the lowest(20.00％),followed by the department of periodontology(30.00％).There was statistically significant difference in ATP detection values between two types of disinfectant wipes before and after wiping and disinfecting photovoltaic glass mouse pads(both P＜0.001).After using photovoltaic glass mouse pads,the contamination of mouse pads in 5 dental clinics was alleviated,and the qualified rate of ATP detec-tion increased(＞80％),compared with qualified rate of ATP detection before intervention,differences were all sta-tistically significant(all P＜0.001).Conclusion The contamination of the cloth mouse pads in dental clinics is seri-ous,and the conventional cloth mouse pad is difficult to be cleaned and disinfected.It is suggested that medical in-stitutions use the mouse pad which is convenient for cleaning and disinfection,and specify the disinfection method and frequency to control the contamination of the mouse pads.

BACKGROUND:Enhancing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into lung stem cells is crucial for repairing lung injuries.NKX2.1 is the earliest marker of lung epithelial differentiation and plays a significant regulatory role in lung development.However,the impact of its expression on the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into lung stem cells remains inadequately understood.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of NKX2.1 on the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into lung stem cells.METHODS:Induced pluripotent stem cells were cultured in vitro.The expression of specific pluripotent stem cell genes was assessed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.NKX2.1 was overexpressed in induced pluripotent stem cells,which were then induced to differentiate into lung stem cells.The expression of FoxA2,SOX9,and P63 was determined via quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence on day 7 of induction of differentiation.The expression of the alveolar marker SPB and SPC was evaluated through immunofluorescence staining on day 7 of induction of differentiation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro were tightly packed and showed typical clonoid growth and significantly expressed stem cell-specific genes OCT-4,SOX2,and NANOG.(2)Compared with the non-transfected control group,the expression of NKX2.1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells was significantly increased in the NKX2.1 overexpression group(P＜0.000 1).(3)Seven days after induction of differentiation,compared with the non-transfected control group,the expression of lung stem cell-related markers FoxA2,SOX9,and P63 was significantly increased in the NKX2.1 overexpression group(P＜0.000 1).(4)Thirteen days after induction of differentiation,compared with the non-transfected control group,the fluorescence intensity of alveolar cell marker molecules SPB and SPC increased significantly in the overexpression NKX2.1 group.The results show that NKX2.1 can promote the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into lung stem cells.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive function and sleep quality in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A case-control trial was conducted on 151 patients admitted to our department from May 2024 to December 2024.The patients with mild-to-moderate AD were assigned into the AD group(59 cases),and the cognitively normal patients in-to the control group(92 cases).All patients received neuropsychological assessment and sleep quality evaluation,including mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assess-ment(MoCA)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI).The general clinical data and sleep qual-ity were compared between the two groups.Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between cognitive function and sleep quality in the AD patients.Results The education level,MMSE score,MoCA score,instant story recall(ISR)score,delayed story recall(DSR)score,clock dawning test(CDT)score and Boston naming test score were significantly lower,while the activity of daily living(ADL)score was obviously higher in the AD group than the cognitively normal group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The AD patients had notably higher total score of PSQI and scores of sleep efficiency,nocturnal sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction than the cognitively normal patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In the AD patients,the total sleep time was positively correlated with the DSR score and the CDT score(r=0.300,P=0.021;r=0.308,P=0.018);hypnotic medication was negatively correlated with MMSE score,ISR score,and DSR score,and positively with ADL score(r=-0.320,P=0.013;r=-0.400,P=0.002;r=-0.331,P=0.010;r=0.355,P=0.006).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that benzodiazepines use and education level were independent influencing factors for cognitive function in the AD patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion In AD patients,sleep quality is closely associated with cognitive function,as manifested by decreased sleep quality,reduced sleep efficiency,and worsened nocturnal sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction.Administration of benzodiazepines may exacerbate cognitive impairment in AD patients.So,it is recommended that AD patients should be cautious about taking such drugs.

Objective To investigate the associations of immune cells,CD8+and CD4+T cells,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)with cognitive function,and to explore the relation-ships among immunity,chronic inflammation,and Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impair-ment.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 patients with primary complaints of memory decline who visited the Alzheimer's Disease Clinic of Dongzhimen Hospital from June to December 2024.Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and Delayed Story Recall Task(DSR)were performed to assess their cognitive function,and according to the results,they were divided into observation group(cognitively impaired,60 cases)and control group(cognitively normal,41 cases).Peripheral blood levels of CD8+T cells,CD4+T cells,and hs-CRP were compared between the two groups.Results The observation group exhibited significantly lower total scores and scores of different dimensions of MMSE and DSR scores,but notably higher activities of daily liv-ing scores than the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Serum hs-CRP level was obviously elevated in the observation group than the control group(P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that CD8+T cells(OR=0.998,95％CI:0.996-1.000,P=0.038)and body mass index(OR=0.843,95％CI:0.719-0.990,P=0.037)were protective factors,while hs-CRP(OR=2.004,95％CI:1.215-3.306,P=0.006)was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment.Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between hs-CRP and CD4+T cells(P=0.011),but no significant association with CD8+T cells(P＞0.05).Conclusion Chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation synergistically contribute to cogni-tive decline.Hs-CRP may serve as a potential screening biomarker for cognitive impairment in pri-mary care settings.

Objective To investigate the contamination status of cloth mouse pads in dental clinics,and provide theoretical basis for standardizing environmental surface disinfection and scientific intervention in dental clinics.Methods The contamination status of cloth mouse pads in 5 dental clinics were investigated by adenosine triphos-phate(ATP)fluorescence detection method,visual observation method,and bacterial culture method.Disinfection efficacy of ultraviolet disinfection method and wiping disinfection using two types of disinfectant wipes on cloth mouse pads and photovoltaic glass mouse pads was compared.Intervention measures(using photovoltaic glass mouse pads,regular cleaning and disinfecting)were taken,and contamination status of cloth mouse pads in different departments before and after intervention was compared.Results The baseline investigation found that the conta-mination status of mouse pads varied in different dental clinics.The qualified rate of bacterial culture of mouse pads in department of endodontics was the lowest(20.00％),followed by the department of periodontology(30.00％).There was statistically significant difference in ATP detection values between two types of disinfectant wipes before and after wiping and disinfecting photovoltaic glass mouse pads(both P＜0.001).After using photovoltaic glass mouse pads,the contamination of mouse pads in 5 dental clinics was alleviated,and the qualified rate of ATP detec-tion increased(＞80％),compared with qualified rate of ATP detection before intervention,differences were all sta-tistically significant(all P＜0.001).Conclusion The contamination of the cloth mouse pads in dental clinics is seri-ous,and the conventional cloth mouse pad is difficult to be cleaned and disinfected.It is suggested that medical in-stitutions use the mouse pad which is convenient for cleaning and disinfection,and specify the disinfection method and frequency to control the contamination of the mouse pads.

Aim To investigate the association between cardiovascular health(CVH)score based on life's es-sential 8(LE8)on cognitive function and the mediation role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)between them in ol-der adults,providing basis for the prevention and control of cognitive impairment.Methods The study population was selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011-2014 two cycles of 60 years and a-bove,demographic characteristics,medical history and other variables were collected,the participants'CVH scores were calculated according to LE8 defined by American Heart Association,and cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test.The relationship between CVH and cognitive function was explored using a weighted linear re-gression analysis,and the dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline.Moreover,mediation a-nalysis was used to explore the role of NLR in mediating the relationship between CVH score and cognitive function.Results A total of 2 510 participants were included in this study.After adjusting for relevant factors,cognitive function was positively associated with moderate CVH group score(β=3.36,95％CI:1.43～5.30)and high CVH group score(β=6.01,95％CI:2.89～9.13)compared with the low CVH group score.The LE8 single factor of diet score(β=0.04,95％CI:0.01～0.06),physical activity score(β=0.04,95％CI:0.02～0.05),tobacco exposure score(β=0.05,95％CI:0.02～0.08),blood pressure score(β=0.03,95％CI:0.01～0.05)and blood glucose score(β=0.06,95％CI:0.03～0.09)were positively correlated with cognitive function score.The results of restricted cubic splines showed that the score of CVH was linear positively correlated with the score of cognitive function.The indirect effect of CVH on cognitive function via NLR was 0.002(P＞0.05),and the proportion of mediating effect was 1.29％(P＞0.05),indicating the mediating effect of NLR on the relationship between CVH score and cognitive function was not signif-icant.Conclusions The CVH score based on the LE8 was positively correlated with cognitive function in older adults,underscoring the crucial role of maintaining optimal CVH levels in supporting cognitive health.However,the NLR,as an indicator of inflammation,did not exhibit a significant mediating effect between the CVH score and cognitive function.The relationship between these variables might be influenced by other mechanisms.

The development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment has undergone multiple paradigms, evolving from sporadic experiential practices to systematic approaches in syndrome differentiation and treatment and further integration of disease and syndrome frameworks. TCM is a vital component of the medical system, valued alongside Western medicine. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation embodies both personalized treatment and holistic approaches; however, the inconsistency and lack of stability in syndrome differentiation limit clinical efficacy. The existing integration of diseases and syndromes primarily relies on patchwork and embedded systems, where the full advantages of synergy between Chinese and Western medicine are not fully realized. Recently, driven by the development of diagnosis and treatment concepts and advances in analytical technology, Western medicine has been rapidly transforming from a traditional biological model to a precision medicine model. TCM faces a similar need to progress beyond traditional syndrome differentiation and disease-syndrome integration toward a more precise diagnosis and treatment paradigm. Unlike the micro-level precision trend of Western medicine, precision diagnosis and treatment in TCM is primarily reflected in data-driven applications that incorporate information at various levels, including precise syndrome differentiation, medication, disease management, and efficacy evaluation. The current priority is to accelerate the development of TCM precision diagnosis and treatment technology platforms and advance discipline construction in this area.

Aim To investigate the association between cardiovascular health(CVH)score based on life's es-sential 8(LE8)on cognitive function and the mediation role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)between them in ol-der adults,providing basis for the prevention and control of cognitive impairment.Methods The study population was selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011-2014 two cycles of 60 years and a-bove,demographic characteristics,medical history and other variables were collected,the participants'CVH scores were calculated according to LE8 defined by American Heart Association,and cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test.The relationship between CVH and cognitive function was explored using a weighted linear re-gression analysis,and the dose-response relationship was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline.Moreover,mediation a-nalysis was used to explore the role of NLR in mediating the relationship between CVH score and cognitive function.Results A total of 2 510 participants were included in this study.After adjusting for relevant factors,cognitive function was positively associated with moderate CVH group score(β=3.36,95％CI:1.43～5.30)and high CVH group score(β=6.01,95％CI:2.89～9.13)compared with the low CVH group score.The LE8 single factor of diet score(β=0.04,95％CI:0.01～0.06),physical activity score(β=0.04,95％CI:0.02～0.05),tobacco exposure score(β=0.05,95％CI:0.02～0.08),blood pressure score(β=0.03,95％CI:0.01～0.05)and blood glucose score(β=0.06,95％CI:0.03～0.09)were positively correlated with cognitive function score.The results of restricted cubic splines showed that the score of CVH was linear positively correlated with the score of cognitive function.The indirect effect of CVH on cognitive function via NLR was 0.002(P＞0.05),and the proportion of mediating effect was 1.29％(P＞0.05),indicating the mediating effect of NLR on the relationship between CVH score and cognitive function was not signif-icant.Conclusions The CVH score based on the LE8 was positively correlated with cognitive function in older adults,underscoring the crucial role of maintaining optimal CVH levels in supporting cognitive health.However,the NLR,as an indicator of inflammation,did not exhibit a significant mediating effect between the CVH score and cognitive function.The relationship between these variables might be influenced by other mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive function and sleep quality in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A case-control trial was conducted on 151 patients admitted to our department from May 2024 to December 2024.The patients with mild-to-moderate AD were assigned into the AD group(59 cases),and the cognitively normal patients in-to the control group(92 cases).All patients received neuropsychological assessment and sleep quality evaluation,including mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assess-ment(MoCA)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI).The general clinical data and sleep qual-ity were compared between the two groups.Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between cognitive function and sleep quality in the AD patients.Results The education level,MMSE score,MoCA score,instant story recall(ISR)score,delayed story recall(DSR)score,clock dawning test(CDT)score and Boston naming test score were significantly lower,while the activity of daily living(ADL)score was obviously higher in the AD group than the cognitively normal group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The AD patients had notably higher total score of PSQI and scores of sleep efficiency,nocturnal sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction than the cognitively normal patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In the AD patients,the total sleep time was positively correlated with the DSR score and the CDT score(r=0.300,P=0.021;r=0.308,P=0.018);hypnotic medication was negatively correlated with MMSE score,ISR score,and DSR score,and positively with ADL score(r=-0.320,P=0.013;r=-0.400,P=0.002;r=-0.331,P=0.010;r=0.355,P=0.006).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that benzodiazepines use and education level were independent influencing factors for cognitive function in the AD patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion In AD patients,sleep quality is closely associated with cognitive function,as manifested by decreased sleep quality,reduced sleep efficiency,and worsened nocturnal sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction.Administration of benzodiazepines may exacerbate cognitive impairment in AD patients.So,it is recommended that AD patients should be cautious about taking such drugs.