In recent years, China has continued to face a high prevalence of oral diseases, along with uneven access to high-quality dental care. Against this backdrop, artificial intelligence (AI), as a data-driven, algorithm-supported, and model-centered technology system, has rapidly expanded its role in transforming the landscape of stomatology. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of AI in stomatology across clinical care, biomedical and materials research, education, and hospital management. In clinical settings, AI has improved diagnostic accuracy, streamlined treatment planning, and enhanced surgical precision and efficiency. In research, machine learning has accelerated the identification of disease biomarkers, deepened insights into the oral microbiome, and supported the development of novel biomaterials. In education, AI has enabled the construction of knowledge graphs, facilitated personalized learning, and powered simulation-based training, driving innovation in teaching methodologies. Meanwhile, in hospital operations, intelligent agents based on large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed for intelligent triage, structured pre-consultations, automated clinical documentation, and quality control, contributing to more standardized and efficient healthcare delivery. Building on these foundations, a multi-agent collaborative framework centered around an AI assistant for stomatology is gradually emerging, integrating task-specific agents for imaging, treatment planning, surgical navigation, follow-up prediction, patient communication, and administrative coordination. Through shared interfaces and unified knowledge systems, these agents support seamless human-AI collaboration across the full continuum of care. Despite these achievements, the broader deployment of AI still faces challenges including data privacy, model robustness, cross-institution generalization, and interpretability. Addressing these issues will require the development of federated learning frameworks, multi-center validation, causal reasoning approaches, and strong ethical governance. With these foundations in place, AI is poised to move from a supportive tool to a trusted partner in advancing accessible, efficient, and high-quality stomatology services in China.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Oral Medicine/trends* ; China ; Delivery of Health Care ; Machine Learning

Objective:To explore the effect of family empowerment model on the improvement of swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, further to explore its impact on patients′s wallowing function and life quality.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. From January 2021 to December 2022, 80 main caregivers of patients with dysphagia caused by manual stroke admitted to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects, and 40 cases in the control group and 40 cases in the observation group were selected by random number table method. The control group were treated with conventional nursing care of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients in the acupuncture and moxibustion Department. On the basis of the conventional care in the control group, the observation group were treated with family empowerment model intervention for 14 days and was followed up for 28 days. Primary caregivers′ swallowing care ability, Caregiver Preparedness Scale (CPS), patients′ swallowing function rate, Swallowing Related Quality of Life (SWALQOL) were used to evaluate the effects before intervention and at the end of intervention.Results:There were 18 males and 19 females primary caregivers in the control group, aged (55.61 ± 7.43) years old. There were 18 males and 21 females primary caregivers in the observation group, aged (58.23 ± 8.22) years old. The swallowing care ability score showed a statistically significant difference between the observation group (143.47 ± 3.96) and the control group (107.74 ± 1.43) ( t=-26.76, P<0.05). After intervention, the caregiver preparedness scale was (26.11 ± 3.81) in the observation group, and (18.35 ± 4.54) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.11, P<0.05).The patients′ swallowing function rate and SWALQOL score were respectively 97.44% (38/39) and (91.41 ± 8.08) points in the observation group, and 72.97% (27/37) and (80.33 ± 4.21) points in the control group, and the difference was both statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, t=-2.54, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of family empowerment model could enhance the swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of the first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, which could further improve patients′ swallowing function and life quality.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen on postoperative pain following single posterior tooth implantation, aiming to provide a clinical reference for its application.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial was conducted. A total of 82 participants were included in the trial, meeting the eligibility criteria from April 2022 to April 2024 at the Capital Medical University School of Stomatology (40 cases), Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University (22 cases), Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University (20 cases). Participants were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to either the ibuprofen group or the control group, with each group comprising 41 individuals. Participants in the ibuprofen group received 300 mg of sustained-release ibuprofen capsules orally 15 min before surgery, while the control group received a placebo. Both groups received the same postoperative analgesic regimen for 3 days. Pain scores were assessed using the numerical rating scale at 30 min, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postoperatively, and the additional use of analgesic medication was recorded from days 4 to 6 postoperatively.Results:A total of 82 participants were initially enrolled in the study, with 7 dropouts (4 from the control group and 3 from the ibuprofen group), resulting in 75 participants (37 in the control group and 38 in the ibuprofen group) completing the trial. There were no reports of adverse events such as nausea or vomiting among the participants. The ibuprofen group exhibited significantly lower pain scores at 4 h, 6 h and 8 h [1.0 (0.0, 2.0), 1.0 (0.0, 2.0), 1.5 (0.0, 3.0) ] postoperatively compared to the control group 4 h, 6 h and 8 h [2.0 (1.0, 3.0), 3.0 (1.5, 4.0), 2.0 (1.0, 4.0)] ( Z=-1.99, P=0.047; Z=-3.01, P=0.003; Z=-2.10, P=0.036). The proportions of patients requiring additional analgesic medication between days 4 and 6 post-surgery were 18.4% (7/38) in the ibuprofen group and 27.0% (10/37) in the control group, with no significant difference (χ 2=0.79, P=0.373). The median additional medication usage postoperatively was [0.0 (0.0, 0.0) pills] in the ibuprofen group and [0.0 (0.0, 1.0) pills] in the control group, with no significant difference ( Z=-0.78, P=0.439). Conclusions:Preemptive analgesia with ibuprofen effectively reduces postoperative pain following tooth implantation, representing a safe and effective perioperative pain management strategy.

Pancreatic cancer is among the most malignant cancers,and thus early intervention is the key to better survival outcomes.However,no methods have been derived that can reliably identify early precursors of development into malignancy.Therefore,it is urgent to discover early molecular changes during pancreatic tumorigenesis.As aberrant glycosylation is closely associated with cancer progression,numerous efforts have been made to mine glycosylation changes as biomarkers for diagnosis;however,detailed glycoproteomic information,especially site-specific N-glycosylation changes in pancreatic cancer with and without drug treatment,needs to be further explored.Herein,we used comprehensive solid-phase chemoenzymatic glycoproteomics to analyze glycans,glycosites,and intact glycopeptides in pancreatic cancer cells and patient sera.The profiling of N-glycans in cancer cells revealed an increase in the secreted glycoproteins from the primary tumor of MIA PaCa-2 cells,whereas human sera,which contain many secreted glycoproteins,had significant changes of glycans at their specific glycosites.These results indicated the potential role for tumor-specific glycosylation as disease biomarkers.We also found that AMG-510,a small molecule inhibitor against Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)G12C mutation,profoundly reduced the glycosylation level in MIA PaCa-2 cells,suggesting that KRAS plays a role in the cellular glycosylation process,and thus glycosylation inhibition contributes to the anti-tumor effect of AMG-510.

Sine oculis homeobox 1 (Six1) is an important factor for embryonic development and carcinoma malignancy. However, the localization of Six1 varies due to protein size and cell types in different organs. In this study, we focus on the expression and localization of Six1 in male reproductive organ via bioinformatics analysis and immunofluorescent detection. The potential interacted proteins with Six1 were also predicted by protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and Enrichr analysis. Bioinformatic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression project databases showed that SIX1 was highly expressed in normal human testis, but low expressed in the testicular germ cell tumor sample. Human Protein Atlas examination verified that SIX1 level was higher in normal than that in cancer samples.The sub-localization of SIX1 in different reproductive tissues varies but specifically in the cytoplasm and membrane in testicular cells. In mouse cells, single cell RNA-sequencing data analysis indicated that Six1 expression level was higher in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs) and differentiating spermatogonial than in other somatic cells.Immunofluorescence staining showed the cytoplasmic localization of Six1 in mouse testis and mSSCs. Further PPIs and Enrichr examination showed the potential interaction of Six1 with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) and catenin Beta-1 (CtnnB1) and stem cell signal pathways. Cytoplasmic localization of Six1 in male testis and mSSCs was probably associated with stem cell related proteins Bmp4 and CtnnB1 for stem cell development.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.013.].

Objective:To explore the prognostic prediction value of quantitative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) parameters in patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, and whether the clinical values vary by stroke etiology.Methods:This study was a post hoc analysis of the Multicenter Prospective Captor Trial. Patients with acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and successful recanalization from April 2018 to July 2019 were screened. Post-processing analysis was performed on the DSA imaging sequence after recanalization, and 4 regions of interest (ROI) were selected in the target vessel: ROI1 (the proximal of the internal carotid artery-C2 segment), ROI2 (the starting point of the internal carotid artery-C7 segment), ROI3 (the end of the middle cerebral artery-M1 segment), and ROI4 (the end of the middle cerebral artery-M2 segment). Time to peak (TTP) was defined as the time at contrast concentration of selected ROI reached its maximum. Relative TTP (rTTP) was calculated by subtracting the TTP of ROI1 from the TTP of distalis ROIs. Successful recanalization was defined as modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade≥2b. Favorable outcomes at 3 months were defined as the modified Rankin Scale score≤2. According to the modified Rankin Scale score, the patients were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group. The differences in clinical characteristics, postoperative hemodynamic parameters, and other data were compared between patients with good and poor prognoses. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze factors related to a good prognosis. Finally, the prognostic prediction value of hemodynamic parameters was analyzed in patients with different Trial of Org10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment etiological classifications.Results:A total of 245 patients were collected, of which 161 patients [age 69 (60, 76) years, 92 (57.1%) male] were finally included in the analysis, including 36 cases of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke, 76 cases of cardiogenic embolism (CE), and 49 cases of other causes of stroke. Seventy-one (44.1%) patients had favorable outcomes at 3 months. The post-operative hemodynamic analysis indicated that patients with favorable outcomes ( n=71) had a higher proportion of mTICI grade 3 [54/71 (76.1%) vs 41/90 (45.6%),χ 2=15.26, P<0.001] and lower rTTP 31 [means TTP ROI3-TTP ROI1;0.33 (0.23, 0.54) s vs 0.47 (0.31, 0.65) s, Z=-2.71, P=0.007] than patients with unfavorable outcomes ( n=90). The mTICI score and rTTP 31 were respectively included in multivariate Logistic regression models. It was shown that mTICI grade 3 (adjusted OR=5.97, 95% CI 2.49-14.27, P<0.001) and rTTP 31 (adjusted OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.06-0.99, P=0.048) were significantly associated with favorable outcomes, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the models had no statistically significant difference ( P=0.170). Subgroup analysis showed that rTTP 31 was significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with LAA stroke ( OR=0, 95% CI 0-0.25, P=0.014), while mTICI grade was associated with the prognosis of patients with CE ( OR=3.91, 95% CI 1.40-10.91, P=0.009) and other etiologies ( OR=7.35, 95% CI 1.92-28.14, P=0.004). Conclusions:In patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke and successful recanalization, both mTICI score and rTTP 31 had significant predictive value for favorable outcomes at 3 months. Moreover, rTTP 31 was significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with LAA stroke, while mTICI score was significantly related to the prognosis of patients with CE and other causes of stroke.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.013.].

OBJECTIVE: To measure the concentration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in demineralized bone matrix (DBM) prepared from different long bones and to evaluate the osteoinductivity of different DBM on MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS: Different bones from the same cadaver donor were used as the initial materials for making DBM, which were divided into ulna group (uDBM), humerus group (hDBM), tibia group (tDBM), and femur group (fDBM) according to the origins, and boiled DBM (cDBM) was taken as the control group. The proteins of DBM were extracted by guanidine hydrochloride, and the concentrations of BMP-2 were determined by ELISA assay. Then the DBM were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells, the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was observed by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. The osteogenic differentiation ability of MC3T3-E1 cells was qualitatively observed by alizarin red, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Van Gieson staining, and the osteogenic differentiation ability of MC3T3-E1 cells was quantitatively analyzed by ALP content. Linear regression was used to analyze the effect of BMP-2 concentration in DBM on ALP synthesis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the concentration of BMP-2 among the DBM groups (P<0.05). The concentrations of BMP-2 in the lower limb long bone were higher than those in the upper limb long bone, and the concentration of BMP-2 in the fDBM group was about 35.5 times that in the uDBM group. CCK-8 assay showed that the cells in each group continued to proliferate within 5 days of co-culture, and the absorbance (A) values at different time points were in the order of cDBM groupP<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that y^=0.361+0.017x, the effect of BMP-2 concentration in DBM on cellular ALP content was significant (t=3.552, P=0.005); for every 1 ng/g increase in BMP-2 concentration, ALP content would increase by 0.017 [95%CI (0.006, 0.027)] U/100 mL. CONCLUSION The concentration of natural BMP-2 in different long bones varies greatly, and the lower limb long bone is higher than the upper limb long bone. The harvested location of bone material was an important factor affecting the osteoinductivity of DBM.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Cell Count ; Coloring Agents ; Osteogenesis ; Animals ; Mice

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of subtalar arthroereisis (STA) combined with modified Kidner procedure versus STA alone in the treatment of flexible flatfoot combined with painful accessory navicular bone in children. METHODS: The clinical data of 33 children with flexible flatfoot combined with painful accessory navicular bone who were admitted between August 2018 and August 2021 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into a combination group (17 cases, treated by STA combined with modified Kidner procedure) and a control group (16 cases, treated by STA alone) according to the surgical methods. There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups ( P>0.05), such as gender, age, affected side of the foot, disease duration, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, talus-first metatarsal angle (T1MT), talus-second metatarsal angle (T2MT), talonavicular coverage angle (TCA), talus first plantar angle (Meary angle), calcaneal inclination angle (Pitch angle), and heel valgus angle (HV). The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, and perioperative complications were recorded in both groups. The anteroposterior, lateral, and calcaneal axial X-ray films for the affected feet were taken regularly, and T1MT, T2MT, TCA, Meary angle, Pitch angle, and HV were measured. The VAS score, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score were used to evaluate pain and functional recovery before and after operation. RESULTS: Surgeries in both groups were successfully performed without surgical complication such as vascular, nerve, or tendon injuries. Less operation time, shorter incision length, less intraoperative blood loss, and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopies were found in the control group than in the combination group ( P<0.05). One case in the combination group had partial necrosis of the skin at the edge of the incision, which healed after the dressing change and infrared light therapy, and the rest of the incisions healed by first intention. All children were followed up 12-36 months, with a mean of 19.6 months. At last follow-up, VAS score and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score significantly improved in both groups when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05), and the differences of these scores between before and after operation improved more significantly in the combination group than in the control group ( P<0.05). Imaging results showed that the T1MT, T2MT, TCA, Meary angle, and HV significantly improved in both groups at last follow-up when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05), and the Pitch angle had no significant difference when compared with preoperative one ( P>0.05). But there was no significant difference in the difference of these indicators between before and after operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Both procedures are effective in the treatment of flexible flatfoot children with painful accessory navicular bone. STA has the advantage of minimally invasive, while STA combined with modified Kidner procedure has better effectiveness.
Humans ; Child ; Flatfoot/surgery* ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Osteotomy/methods* ; Talus ; Pain