OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of persimmon leaf （PL） extract against ferroptosis induced by H2O2 in IEC-6 cells. METHODS Using IEC-6 cells as object， the effects of ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 on IEC-6 cell viability induced by H2O2 were investigated； IEC-6 cells were divided into control group， H2O2 group， H2O2+PL 25 μg/mL group and H2O2+PL 50 μg/mL group. The levels of oxidant stress indexes [content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）]， mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） as well as mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， NADPH/quinone oxidoreductase-1 （NQO-1）， cystine/glutamate anti-porter （xCT）， glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） and ferritin heavy chain （FTH） were detected. RESULTS Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 could significantly increase the survival rate of H2O2-induced cells （P＜ 0.01）. Compared with the control group， MDA content， ROS level， mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and NQO-1 as well as protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased or up-regulated significantly， while SOD activity， MMP， mRNA expressions of xCT， GPX4 and FTH as well as protein expressions of GPX4 and FTH were decreased or down-regulated significantly （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. Compared with the H2O2 group， oxidative stress Δ indexes of H2O2+PL 25， 50 μg/mL groups were reversed to different extents， MMP level was increased significantly， as well as mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2， HO-1， NQO-1，xCT， GPX4 and FTH were up-regulated to different extents；there were statistical significances in some indexes between groups （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PL extract can alleviate mitochondrial membrane damage and abnormal accumulation of ROS caused by H2O2， which may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

In the context of the emphasis on the claims of multiple subjects in fourth-generation educational evaluation, the subjective experience of students has gradually become one of the key contents of educational evaluation. However, there is still a vague understanding of the conceptual source, specific definition, and measurement indicators of the student experience theory, and a more systematic theoretical system has not yet been formed. With the UE user experience thinking in the business field as the core meta-theory, this article integrates value-added evaluation and the idea of three-source flow, elaborates on the core concept connotation of compound student experience teaching evaluation, and builds a five-dimensional evaluation model for student experience with "aesthetic experience, interactive experience, emotional experience, behavioral experience, and discursive experience" as the first-level indicators based on literature research, expert interviews, and multi-round group discussions. It is hoped that student evaluation will force teachers to improve the contents and form of teaching and help to achieve breakthrough reform of the teaching system as a whole.

Cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD) is an important risk factor for stroke, cognitive impairment, and death, but its exact pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Recent studies have shown that as an important part of pathophysiological mechanisms of CSVD, immunoinflammation may affect the progression and prognosis of CSVD. This article reviews the role of immunoinflammation in CSVD.

Objective:To optimize the dispensing method of national drug standard substances and develop a novel adjustable quantitative dispensing device for improving dispensing efficiency and production quality.Methods:Stain-less steel was used to fabricate an adjustable volume tank and a matching scraper for dispensing powder samples of fixed volume.Results:31 types of uniform powder samples,including chemicals and pharmaceutical excipients,were dispensed using the dispensing device.It showed a small test fluctuation range,high accuracy,and consistent effectiveness among different samples.The dispensing efficiency was improved by 147％compared to the conventional method of single-weight dispensing using a balance.Conclusion:The device can significantly reduce dispensing time,increase production efficiency,and meet the dispensing specifications for drug standard substances,which brings remarkable convenience and value to the production and preparation of drug standard substances.

The automatic detection of tuberculosis lesions based on medical imaging has become a research hotspot in medical image processing.A comprehensive review of relevant researches and applications pertaining to deep learning in tuberculosis lesion detection is provided,which elucidates the experimental benchmarks in tuberculosis analysis,covering public datasets of pulmonary medical images and recent research advancements in tuberculosis detection and classification competitions,introduces emerging trends in deep learning methods and applications in tuberculosis detection,and analyzes the challenges existing in tuberculosis diagnosis using deep learning.The review summarizes and provides insights into the research advances and challenges of these technologies from the aspects of technical characteristics,performance advantages,and application prospects.

Objective To predict and analyze the potential suitable areas of the Guangxi characteristic medicinal plant Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.in China under climate change;To provide reference for ecological conservation and artificial cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.Methods Based on the 49 pieces of geographical distribution information of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.in China,19 environmental factors,and the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model,a species distribution model was constructed to predict and analyze the potential growth areas of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.under current and future climate change.Results Under the current climate change,the potential suitable areas of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.in China mainly depended on 4 environmental factors:precipitation in the coldest season(Bio19),precipitation in the warmest season(Bio18),precipitation in the driest season(Bio17),and average annual temperature(Bio1).Under the future climate change,the center of mass of the high suitable areas of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.will mainly migrate to the northeast and northwest,and the migration distance will range from 13.63 km to 153.95 km.Compared with the present,the stable and unchanged high suitable areas of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.under future climate change will be reduced to about 21.68%,and mainly distributed in southwest Guangxi,and these stable and unchanged areas will become the first choice for semi-artificial planting of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.Conclusion The results are helpful to provide scientific basis for formulating reasonable ecological conservation and artificial cultivation strategies to reduce the impact of climate change on the population spread of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.

The hippocampus and its circuits play crucial roles in human learning, memory, and emotional regulation. Whether it is vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), damage to the hippocampus is a prominent pathological feature. This review summarizes the recent advance in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in anatomy, blood supply, structure and function of the hippocampus and the circuits related to VCI and AD in recent years, aiming to provide help in early recognizing and differentially diagnosing VCI and AD.

Objective:To discuss the distinctive sonographic feature and the biological behavior of renal angiomyolipoma(RAML),and to provide the reference for the clinicians to make the accurate diagnosis of RAML.Methods:The clinical data of one patient with invasive classical RAML combined with pseudaneurysm formation were collected.The sonographic appearances were analyzed in conjunction with the pathological characteristics to clarify the biological behavior of RAML,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient,a 60-year-old female,visited the local hospital due to discomfort in the lumbar area,and received CT examination,and the CT examination results revealed a left renal mass,so the patient came to our hospital.The specialist clinical examinations and laboratory investigations were unremarkable.The ultrasound results indicated an enlarged left kidney with a cystic and solid mass at the upper pole,which featured pseudaneurysm formation(originating from the interlobar arteries);the enhanced CT image results suggested a high probability of upper pole renal carcinoma combined with aneurysmal formation within the tumor,alongside invasion into the left adrenal gland.The patient underwent laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy,and the postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of invasive classical RAML.Conclusion:The classical RAML can exhibit the invasive biological behavior.The pseudaneurysm formation is a special sonographic manifestation of RAML,which can be challenging to differentiate from the other renal tumors.

ObjectiveTo investigate the different effects of Yunvjian with or without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix on glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in diabetic rats with the syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat. MethodThe rat model of diabetes due to Yin deficiency and internal heat was established by feeding with a high-sugar and high-fat diet and injection of thyroxine and streptozotocin. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model control， Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （11.8 g·kg^-1）， Yunvjian with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （12.8 g·kg^-1）， and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix （1.0 g·kg^-1） groups （n=10）， and another 10 rats were taken as the normal control group. Each group was administrated with corresponding drugs or saline by gavage for 28 days. The fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting insulin （FINS）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in rats were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）， triiodothyronine （T₃）， thyroxine （T₄）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， and C-reactive protein （CRP） in the serum. The histopathological changes of the liver were observed. The expression of lipoxygenase-2 （COX-2） was detected by immunofluorescence. The mRNA levels of nuclear transcription factors-κB （NF-κB）， monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1）， and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）.Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of NF-κB in hibitory protein（IκB） kinase β （IKKβ）， IκBα， and phosphorylated IκBα （p-IκBα） in the liver and the protein levels of NF-κB in the cytoplasm and nucleus. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed elevated levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， TC， TG， LDL-C， cAMP， T₃， T₄， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and CRP， up-regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and up-regulated protein levels of COX-2， p-IκBα， and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix lowered the levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， TC， TG， LDL-C， cAMP， T₃， T₄， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and CRP， down-regulated the mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and down-regulated the protein levels of COX-2， p-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Yunvjian without Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix， Yunvjian with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix showed lowered levels of FBG， FINS， insulin resistance index， and inflammatory cytokines， down-regulated mRNA levels of NF-κB， MCP-1， and ICAM-1， and down-regulated protein levels of p-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionAchyranthis Bidentatae Radix can enhance the performance of Yunvjian in reducing blood glucose and inhibiting inflammation in diabetic rats with the syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat by down-regulating the IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.