Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used exogenous therapeutic glucocorticoid in clinical settings. Its long-term use leads to many side effects. However, its effect on metabolic disorders in individuals on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, HFD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation were assayed using typical approaches. Results: DEX increased the epididymal fat index and epididymal adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. The number of epididymal adipocytes with diameters > 70 μm accounted for 0.5% of the cells in the control group, 30% of the cells in the DEX group, 19% of the cells in the HFD group, and 38% of all the cells in the D+H group. Adipocyte proliferation in the D+H group was inhibited by DEX treatment. Adipocyte enlargement in the D+H group was associated with increased the lipid accumulation but not the adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and their metabolism were downregulated by the same treatment, indicating the therapeutic potential of DEX for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions DEX synergizes with HFD to promote lipid deposition in adipose tissues. A high risk of obesity development in patients receiving HFD and DEX treatment is suggested.

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used exogenous therapeutic glucocorticoid in clinical settings. Its long-term use leads to many side effects. However, its effect on metabolic disorders in individuals on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, HFD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation were assayed using typical approaches. Results: DEX increased the epididymal fat index and epididymal adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. The number of epididymal adipocytes with diameters > 70 μm accounted for 0.5% of the cells in the control group, 30% of the cells in the DEX group, 19% of the cells in the HFD group, and 38% of all the cells in the D+H group. Adipocyte proliferation in the D+H group was inhibited by DEX treatment. Adipocyte enlargement in the D+H group was associated with increased the lipid accumulation but not the adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and their metabolism were downregulated by the same treatment, indicating the therapeutic potential of DEX for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions DEX synergizes with HFD to promote lipid deposition in adipose tissues. A high risk of obesity development in patients receiving HFD and DEX treatment is suggested.

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used exogenous therapeutic glucocorticoid in clinical settings. Its long-term use leads to many side effects. However, its effect on metabolic disorders in individuals on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, HFD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation were assayed using typical approaches. Results: DEX increased the epididymal fat index and epididymal adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. The number of epididymal adipocytes with diameters > 70 μm accounted for 0.5% of the cells in the control group, 30% of the cells in the DEX group, 19% of the cells in the HFD group, and 38% of all the cells in the D+H group. Adipocyte proliferation in the D+H group was inhibited by DEX treatment. Adipocyte enlargement in the D+H group was associated with increased the lipid accumulation but not the adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and their metabolism were downregulated by the same treatment, indicating the therapeutic potential of DEX for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions DEX synergizes with HFD to promote lipid deposition in adipose tissues. A high risk of obesity development in patients receiving HFD and DEX treatment is suggested.

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used exogenous therapeutic glucocorticoid in clinical settings. Its long-term use leads to many side effects. However, its effect on metabolic disorders in individuals on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, HFD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation were assayed using typical approaches. Results: DEX increased the epididymal fat index and epididymal adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. The number of epididymal adipocytes with diameters > 70 μm accounted for 0.5% of the cells in the control group, 30% of the cells in the DEX group, 19% of the cells in the HFD group, and 38% of all the cells in the D+H group. Adipocyte proliferation in the D+H group was inhibited by DEX treatment. Adipocyte enlargement in the D+H group was associated with increased the lipid accumulation but not the adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and their metabolism were downregulated by the same treatment, indicating the therapeutic potential of DEX for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions DEX synergizes with HFD to promote lipid deposition in adipose tissues. A high risk of obesity development in patients receiving HFD and DEX treatment is suggested.

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used exogenous therapeutic glucocorticoid in clinical settings. Its long-term use leads to many side effects. However, its effect on metabolic disorders in individuals on a high-fat diet (HFD) remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, HFD-fed mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX 2.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation, and inflammation were assayed using typical approaches. Results: DEX increased the epididymal fat index and epididymal adipocyte size in HFD-fed mice. The number of epididymal adipocytes with diameters > 70 μm accounted for 0.5% of the cells in the control group, 30% of the cells in the DEX group, 19% of the cells in the HFD group, and 38% of all the cells in the D+H group. Adipocyte proliferation in the D+H group was inhibited by DEX treatment. Adipocyte enlargement in the D+H group was associated with increased the lipid accumulation but not the adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and their metabolism were downregulated by the same treatment, indicating the therapeutic potential of DEX for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions DEX synergizes with HFD to promote lipid deposition in adipose tissues. A high risk of obesity development in patients receiving HFD and DEX treatment is suggested.

In order to meet the needs of the comprehensive development of life sciences and medicine,and fulfill the coher-ence and intersectionality of undergraduate experimental courses,it is necessary to break the teaching contents of conventional single experiment courses,and carry out the teaching reform of tumor comprehensive experimental course.Molecular biology and immuno-logy are two basic subjects which are closely related to the scientific research of life science,basic medicine and clinical medicine.Meantime,they are important sources for students to acquire skill training and scientific thinking as well.In this study,we try to inte-grate the experimental courses about the analysis and intervention of tumor-related genes based on the molecular biology and immunology technologies,facilitating to establish a new tumor comprehensive experimental course system.The course focuses on the development of students'logical thinking,and simulates the scientific research process through database screening,experimental operation,experi-mental report and paper writing,so as to significantly improve undergraduates'interest in scientific research and their ability to com-bine theory with practice,and cultivate students'rigorous scientific and innovative thinking ability as well as their ability to compre-hensively analyze and solve problems.It lays a solid foundation for future postgraduate related scientific research.At the same time,it is helpful to train teachers with multi-disciplinary knowledge reserves,and promote the coordinated development of scientific research through teaching.

This article reported a case of a patient with schizophrenia who experienced self-perceived fever and discomfort after taking atypical antipsychotic drugs with strong alpha 1 receptor antagonism,which included olanzapine,risperidone,paliperidone and clozapine.Such phenomenon was believed to be a medication side effect.Therefore,the patient switched to aripiprazole and the fever disappeared.This case report is intended to remind psychiatrists to pay attention to the side effects caused by atypical antipsychotic drugs with strong alpha 1 receptor antagonism as well as to suggest that various factors should be considered,including mechanisms of drug action,patient pathophysiology and individual differences,in order to improve treatment compliance and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the safety of regular plasma donors aged 55 to 60,so as to provide reference for retention and recruitment of elderly plasma donors in China.Methods Plasma donors from 9 blood products manufacturing enterprises from 2018 to 2020 and the local general population were selected as the research objects.The total protein level,albumin and globulin ratio(ALB/GLB,A/G)and adverse reactions of plasma donation of regular plasma donors and local general population were retrospectively analyzed.Results The total protein level(g/L)and A/G of plasma donors aged 56 to 60 and the general population were 61.21±5.62 vs 60.04±6.93 and 1.610±0.299 vs 1.635±0.330,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant.The total protein level of regular plasma donors was higher than that of general popu-lation,but A/G was slightly lower than that of general population.From 2018 to 2020,there were a total of 23 056 302 plas-ma donations in 108 plasma stations,and adverse reactions occurred in 20 932 donations,with a total incidence of 0.09%,with no serious adverse reactions.Conclusion It is safe for regular plasma donors aged 55 to 60 to donate plasma,and the retention of them can alleviate the pressure of plasma supply.

Alzheimer' disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and multiple cognitive deterioration.Acupuncture intervention in AD has potential efficacy,but the mechanism of onset is not clear.Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD-fMRI)has the unique advantages of accurately locating abnormal AD brain areas and monitoring and analyzing functional activities,providing technical support for the study of AD brain effects.It have found that abnormal changes in functional activity in response to brain regions and brain networks are closely related to the development of AD.Previous studies have shown that acupuncture can exert therapeutic effects by improving the functional impairment of multiple cognitive-related brain regions and brain networks in AD,which may be the mechanism of brain function in AD.Based on BOLD-fMRI technology,this paper elaborates on three aspects:commonly used data analysis methods of AD,the brain function mechanism of AD pathogenesis,and the brain effect study of acupuncture intervention in AD.In order to provide a reference for further exploring the brain effect of acupuncture intervention in AD.

Humans ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Treatment Failure ; HIV Infections/genetics* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; Genotype