Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in male genitourinary system, and radical prostatectomy is one of the important methods to treat prostate cancer. Indocyanine green is a non-radioactive, water-soluble compound, which can help identify anatomical structures and visualize blood vessels through near-infrared fluorescence. The role and injection techniques of Indocyanine green in radical prostatectomy in sentinel lymph node identification, pelvic lymph node dissection and neurovascular bundle preservation are reviewed, so as to provide a reference for improving the surgical effect, reducing the difficulty of surgery, and prolonging the survival period of patients, and evaluate the potential research field of this technology in the future.

Objective To investigate the imaging value and associated clinical features of enhanced CT evaluation of spontaneous portosystemic shunts(SPSS)in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Methods Patients with cirrhosis who attended Panjin Central Hospital from June 2020 to July 2022 were retrospectively collected to evaluate the presence,size and type of spontaneous portal shunts for statistical analysis,and relevant clinical and laboratory indices were recorded.Results A total of 119 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in this study.Total bilirubin level,albumin level,prothrombin time,international normalized ratio,Child-Pugh grade,hepatic encephalopathy,portal vein thrombosis,and renal vein diameter were all statistically significant difference(P<0.05)compared to the three groups of patients in the no-SPSS,SPSS<8mm and SPSS≥8mm groups.Multi-factor logistic analysis could identify Child-Pugh grade C and portal vein thrombosis as independent risk factors for the occurrence of spontaneous splenorenal shunt(SSRS)≥8mm.In the group without SPSS and in the group with SSRS,there was a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).When comparing uric acid values,left gastric vein diameter and left renal vein diameter.Conclusion The presence of SPSS can be detected early by enhancing CT.The presence of SPSS,especially in patients with a diameter greater than or equal to 8mm,is associated with poorer liver function and a greater risk of portal vein thrombosis;the presence of SPSS reflects the patient's cirrhotic state to some extent.

Objective To investigate the effects of Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules on the balance of peripheral blood helper T lymphocyte 17 cell/regulatory T lymphocyte cell(Th17/Treg)and related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome.Methods Totally 40 COPD patients were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,with 20 cases in each group.Another 20 cases were in the healthy group.The control group was given tiotropium bromide powder inhalation,18 μg/time,1 time/d,inhalation;on the basis of the control group,the study group was given Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules,3 pills/time,3 times/d,orally.All patients were treated for 8 weeks.The healthy group was not given any intervention.Forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF),carbon monoxide diffusing capacity/alveolar ventilation(DLCO/VA),arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),COPD assessment test(CAT)score,Th17/Treg ratio,cytokines interleukin(IL)-17,IL-22,IL-10,and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)were compared before and after treatment.Results Compared with before treatment,the lung function indexes(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,MMEF,DLCO/VA),blood gas indexes(PaO2,PaCO2)and CAT score in the study group after treatment were significantly improved(P<0.05).After treatment,the mean values of MMEF,DLCO/VA,PaCO2 and CAT score in the study group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the levels of Th17,IL-17 and IL-22 in the study group were significantly lower,and the levels of Treg,IL-10 and TGF-β1 were significantly higher(P<0.05).After treatment,there were significant differences in Th17,Treg,IL-17,IL-22,IL-10 and TGF-β1 among the three groups(P<0.01).Further pairwise comparison showed that Th17 ranked in the order of high and low was control group>study group>healthy group,Treg in the order of high and low was healthy group>study group>control group,the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in the order of high and low were control group>study group>healthy group,and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the order of high and low were healthy group>study group>control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Zhoufei Pingchuan Capsules can improve the lung function,arterial blood gas and symptom score of patients with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome in stable stage of COPD.Its mechanism may be related to regulating the balance of Th17/Treg,down-regulating the levels of Th17,IL-17 and IL-22,and up-regulating the levels of Treg,IL-10 and TGF-β1,in order to reduce airway inflammation and regulate immune homeostasis.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancy in the urinary system over the world. Urine cytology and cystoscopy are important tools for bladder cancer diagnosis and recurrence monitoring. However, due to the limited sensitivity and invasive procedure, there is an urgent need to develop new non-invasive and highly sensitive liquid biopsy approaches. Urine biopsy is a research focus in the field and has great potential. This review focused on protein-based urine markers (including NMP22, BTA and UroVysion etc.) and DNA or RNA-based urine markers (including cfDNA, AssureMDx and Xpert BC Monitor etc.), which were used for bladder cancer diagnosis and recurrence monitoring, and summarized the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker as well as their characteristics in the diagnosis and recurrence surveillance of bladder cancer. This study provides theoretical and empirical support for further optimization and application of these biomarkers in clinical practice.

The latest epidemiological data suggests that the situation of adult diabetes in China is severe, and metabolic diseases have become significant chronic illnesses that have a serious impact on public health and social development. After more than six years of practice, the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has developed distinctive approaches to manage metabolic patients and has achieved a series of positive outcomes, continuously advancing the standardized diagnosis and treatment model. In order to further improve the efficiency, based on the first edition, the second edition guideline was composed by incorporating experience of the past six years in conjunction with the latest international and domestic guidelines.

【Objective】 To evaluate the residual risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood screening among voluntary blood donors in Zhengzhou. 【Methods】 The ELISA and NAT screening results of 497 171 voluntary blood donors in Zhengzhou from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected through the information management system of our blood center.The residual risk of HCV was assessed using the Prevalence-Window Period Residual Risk Model. 【Results】 The residual risk among repeated and first-time blood donors was 1∶132 280 (95% CI: 1∶95 520~1∶188 820) and 1∶44 090 (95% CI: 1∶31 840~1∶62 940), respectively. The overall residual risk of blood donors screening was 1∶68 540 (95% CI: 1∶65 910~1∶130 290). The reactive rate of HCV screening in first-time blood donors (0.144%, 334/231 168) was significantly higher than that in repeated blood donors (0.014%, 36/266 003) (P<0.05), and the reactive rate of repeated blood donors in 2019 (0.019%, 26/135 267) was significantly higher than that in repeat blood donors in 2020 (0.008%, 10/130 736) (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The residual risk of HCV among voluntary blood donors in Zhengzhou is low.The publicity and recruitment should be further strengthened to establish a stable team of voluntary blood donation, and health consultation and physical examination should also be strengthened to further reduce the residual risk of blood transfusion.

AIM: To explore the role and mechanism of silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) in attenuation of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by dexmedetomidine in mice. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy male C57BL mice were divided into 4 groups randomly (n=6): sham operation group (Sham group), intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group), dexmedetomidine group (Dex group), SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP group (3-TYP group). Superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h to establish intestinal I/R model in I/R group, Dex group, and 3-TYP group. Sham group received sole sham operation. 1 h prior to onset of ischemia, 3-TYP was injected into mice in 3-TYP group intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg, diluted to 0.3 mL), and 0.3 mL normal saline into mice in Dex group intraperitoneally. 30 min prior to onset of ischemia, dexmedetomidine was injected into mice in 3-TYP group and Dex group intraperitoneally (25 μg/kg, diluted to 0.3 mL). 1 h and 30 min prior to onset of ischemia, 0.3 mL normal saline was injected into mice in Sham group and I/R group intraperitoneally, respectively. 2 h of after reperfusion, the mice were sacrificed under anesthesia. Intestinal tissues were took and observed for pathological changes under light microscope after HE staining, and the injury was assessed via the Chiu's score method, and activities of SIRT3 and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected via spectrophotometry, and malondialdehyde (MDA) via spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The pathological injury was exacerbated, and the Chiu's score, the MDA level elevated remarkably, while the activity level of SIRT3 and SOD2 declined remarkably in I/R group, Dex group and 3-TYP group compared to Sham group (P<0.05). The pathological injury was alleviated, and the Chiu's score declined remarkably in Dex group and 3-TYP group compared to I/R group (P<0.05); and the MDA level declined remarkably, while activity level of SIRT3 and SOD2 elevated remarkably in Dex group compared to I/R group (P<0.05); and there was no significant difference both in the activity level of SIRT3 and SOD2 and in the MDA level between 3-TYP group and I/R group. The pathological injury was exacerbated, and the Chiu's score, the MDA level elevated remarkably, while the activity level of SIRT3 and SOD2 declined remarkably in 3-TYP group compared to Dex group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: SIRT3 and its downstream SOD2 are involved in mediating the effect of attenuation of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting oxidative stress response by dexmedetomidine.

Bladder cancer is a kind of urothelial cancer with high incidence and heterogeneity. From superficial bladder tumors to muscular invasive malignant tumors, due to their high-frequency recurrence and metastatic characteristics, they are inherently refractory. Although a comprehensive treatment with surgery as the main focus while chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy as a supplement has been formed, the limitations of chemotherapy regimens, the unpopularity of radiotherapy, and the low efficiency of immunotherapy, make clinical decision-making still difficult. Recently, a number of targeted therapies have emerged in bladder cancer and have shown good responses. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel are novel therapeutic targets and current research hotspots in bladder cancer. This review discusses the anti-tumoral molecular mechanism of TRP channel in bladder cancer, its feasibility as a potential therapeutic target, and the prospects of drug combination to sensitize platinum-based chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects o f pioglitazone （PIO）on high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）in renal tubular epithelial cells of rat and its possible mechanism ，and to provide theoretic reference and new target for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS ：The rat renal tubular epithelial NRK- 52E cells were randomly divided into control group （5.5 mmol/L glucose ），high-glucose group （30 mmol/L glucose ），PIO intervention group （30 mmol/L glucose+ 5.0 μmol/L PIO），GW9662 intervention group （30 mmol/L glucose+ 5.0 μmol/L PIO+5.0 μmol/L specific anta- gonist GW 9662）. The cells of the first 3 groups were detected at 6，12，24，48 h of culture ，while those in GW 9662 intervention group were detected at 48 h of culture. mRNA expression of PTEN and PPARγ were detected by real-time PCR. The protein expression of PTEN ，PPARγ，α-SMA and E-cadherin as well as the changes of PI 3K/AKT signaling pathway were determined by Western blotting assay. RESULTS ：With the extension of culture time ，compared with control group ，the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ（except for protein expression at 6 h）and PTEN in high-glucose group reduced significantly ，while the protein expression of α-SMA and p-AKT （Thr308）increased significantly ，and the protein expression of E-cadherin reduced significantly （P＜0.05），showing time-dependent trend. Compared with high-glucose group ，the mRNA and the protein expression （except for 6 h） of PPAR γ and PTEN were increased significantly in PIO intervention group ， while the protein expression of α-SMA and p-AKT （Thr308） were decreased significantly，and the protein expression of E-cadherin wasincreased significantly （P＜0.05）， showing time-dependent trend. There was no statistical significance in mRNA and protein expression of PPAR γ and PTEN，protein expression of E-cadherin ，α-SMA and p-AKT （Thr308） between GW 9662 intervention group and high-glucose group ；the effect of PIO was blocked by PPAR γ antagonist GW9662. CONCLUSIONS ：PIO may up-regulate the expression of PTEN by activating PPARγ，inhibit PI 3K/AKT signaling pathway so as to inhibit the occurrence of EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells .

PURPOSE: Effective biomarkers and models are needed to improve the prognostic prospects of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The purpose of this work was to identify DNA methylation biomarkers and to evaluate the utility of DNA methylation analysis for ccRCC prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An overview of genome-wide methylation of ccRCC tissues derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was download for analysis. DNA methylation signatures were identified using Cox regression methods. The potential clinical significance of methylation biomarkers acting as a novel prognostic markers was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: This study analyzed data for 215 patients with information on 23171 DNA methylation sites and identified a two-DNA methylation signature (cg18034859, cg24199834) with the help of a step-wise multivariable Cox regression model. The area under the curve of ROCs for the two-DNA methylation signature was 0.819. The study samples were stratified into low- and high-risk classifications based on an optimal threshold, and the two groups showed markedly different survival rates. Moreover, the two-DNA methylation marker was suitable for patients of varying ages, sex, stages (I and IV), and histologic grade (G2). CONCLUSION: The two-DNA methylation signature was deemed to be a potential novel prognostic biomarker of use in increasing the accuracy of predicting overall survival of ccRCC patients.
Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Classification ; DNA Methylation ; Genome ; Humans ; Methods ; Methylation ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Survival Rate