Metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is a chronic liver disease with a rapidly increasing incidence rate worldwide， and its complex pathogenesis is closely associated with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine （O-GlcNAc） modification. As a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification of proteins， O-GlcNAc modification is mainly regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. O-GlcNAc modification can drive hepatic steatosis， exacerbate insulin resistance， and impair mitochondrial function， thereby leading to the aggravation of metabolic disorders， promoting inflammation response， and driving the progression of MAFLD to metabolic associated steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. This article systematically reviews the latest research advances in the role of O-GlcNAc modification in the development and progression of MAFLD， in order to provide theoretical support and research direction for a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanism of MAFLD and the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

Based on current national policies, regulations, standards, relevant literature, and departmental experience regarding the protection against radionuclides in China, this study provides a brief overview of key issues in the management of hospital wards for patients with internal radionuclide contamination. The discussion covers the detection of internal contamination, general requirements for internal radionuclide contamination wards, and inpatient management. In addition, the study explores in depth the daily responsibilities, protective measures, and management protocols for both healthcare staff and patients within such wards. This article summarizes a framework for the construction of internal radionuclide contamination wards, along with specific plans and detailed role-based guidelines. These results provide a reference for the management of hospital wards for patients with internal radionuclide contamination.

Objective:To investigate alterations in functional connectivity network and brain function activity in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) based on neuromagnetic signals by using multi-frequency magnetoencephalography.Methods:Twenty-five drug-naive children diagnosed with CAE from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during October 2022 and March 2024 and 25 healthy controls matched for age and sex from community were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The interictal data, ictal data of CAE and healthy control children were collected using a CTF-275 channel magnetoencephalography system. Corrected amplitude envelope correlation was used to construct functional connectivity network, and network-based statistics were used to compare network differences between groups. Relative power spectral density was used to describe the distribution characteristics of whole-brain spectral power. Nonparametric permutation tests were conducted 1 000 times to compare spectral power differences between groups.Results:In terms of functional connectivity, significant increases in network activity were observed in the low-frequency bands (δ, θ) during interictal periods in children with CAE. A sub-network with significantly increased functional connectivity, including key nodes of the default mode network, was observed in the δ band. Compared with interictal periods, functional connectivity in the δ band decreased during absence seizures in children with CAE, while connectivity in the mid-to-high-frequency bands (α-γ2) increased. In terms of spectral power, children with CAE during interictal periods exhibited widespread magnetic source activation in the δ band, activation in parts of the parietal and occipital lobes in the θ band, and significantly decreased magnetic source intensity in most areas of the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes in the α-γ2 band. Compared with interictal periods, children with CAE during absence seizures exhibited widespread magnetic source activation in the δ band, and significantly decreased activation in the θ-γ2 band. According to the magnetic source distribution map, during absence seizures, the frontal lobe replaced the parieto-occipital region in cortical activation in the α band.Conclusion:In the analysis of functional network and spectral power based on multi-frequency neuromagnetic signals, the network pattern and magnetic source activation of children with CAE during interictal periods were significantly different from those of healthy children, and there were characteristic changes in neuromagnetic signals during consciousness impairment caused by absence seizures in children with CAE.

Objective To establish a scientific training program that takes into account both anaerobic and aerobic training for pilots,and to explore the appropriate ratio of aerobic and anaerobic training.Methods According to the physical examination standards for pilots,a total of 16 healthy subjects aged 18-24 were selected from two batches.The two batches of subjects were trained with different aerobic and anaerobic ratios.Training period was 3 months.The changes in cardiopulmonary function of the subjects before and after training were evaluated using the cardiopulmonary function exercise testing system(CPET),and the changes in anaerobic capacity were evaluated using changes in strength as an indicator.Results After training,the weight load of the subjects in the two training programs,including barbell squats,leg flexion and hard pull,and barbell under 10RM and 3RM,was significantly increased(P<0.001),and there was no statistically significant difference in anaerobic strength growth between the two groups.The results of CPET showed that the maximum load,maximum heart rate,and respiratory quotient in the two groups were significantly increased after than before the training(P<0.01).The maximum load(Experiment group 1:29.12±19.69,Experiment group 2:72.00±46.24)and respiratory quotient(Experiment grouop 1:0.11±0.09,Experiment group 2:0.28±0.16)of the subjects in experiment group 2 before and after training were greater than those in experiment group 1.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The anaerobic and aerobic capacities of the subjects in the experiment group 2 are effectively improved,indicating that ratio of aerobic and anaerobic of the training scheme is better.

Objective:To develop a new type of detection window protective device for surface contamination monitor,and to verify its testing effect.Methods:The new type of surface contamination monitor detection window protection device was composed of the protective film and fixed frame,which was of integrated design and one-off production.The protective film was made of transparent flat Myra film,thickness≤2.5μm,the fixed frame was a rectangular hollow structure surrounded by four edges and provided with a working surface and a mounting surface.The protective film was pasted on the inner wall of the working surface of the fixed frame by adhesive,and the protective film and fixed frame were installed on the outside of the detection window of the surface contamination monitor by means of fixing buckles.Two commonly used surface contamination detection instruments,RDa150 and Como170,were selected to measure artificial radiation sources under three protection states:no film protection,plastic wrap protection and new protection device to test the detection efficiency and operability of the new surface contamination monitor's detection window protection device.Results:Compared with the traditional protective measures of plastic wrap,the detection efficiency of α,β and γ rays was more effectively ensured by the new detection window protective device for surface contamination monitor,and the detection efficiency of α rays was increased from about 40%to about 70%.Conclusion:The new detection window protection device for surface contamination monitor can significantly improve the detection efficiency of radioactive contamination,especially alpha-ray pollution,and effectively protect the instrument and equipment,and effectively improve the detection efficiency of surface contamination detection operators.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of modified Weijingtang on the pyroptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages via the cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）/gasdermin D （GSDMD） pathway. MethodLipopolysaccharide （LPS） was used to induce pyroptosis of RAW264.7 cells. The blank group was treated with the blank serum， and the intervention groups were treated with the sera containing different doses of modified Weijingtang. After 24 h， the viability of cells in different groups was examined by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）. The pyroptosis and morphology of cells in each group were observed by a scanning electron microscope and a phase-contrast microscope， respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in each group were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. The levels of interleukin （IL）-18 and IL-1β in each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultUnder the electron microscope， RAW264.7 cells presented the best morphology and structure in the blank group and obvious pyroptosis and leakage of cell contents in the model （LPS） group. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups showed reduced pyroptosis to varying degrees， and the high-dose group had the closest cell morphology and structure to the blank group. Under the optical microscope， RAW264.7 cells were spherical in the blank group and irregular with protrusions in the model group. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups showed improved cell morphology， and the cell morphology in the group with the dose of 20% was the closest to that in the blank group. The mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD in the model group were higher than those in the blank group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， each intervention group showed down-regulated expression of the above indicators （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， the model group presented elevated levels of IL-18 and IL-1β （P<0.05）， which were lowered in the intervention （10%， 20%） groups （P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Weijingtang inhibits the pyroptosis of macrophages by down-regulating the Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Based on the immunomodulatory capability of CAR-T cells, efforts have turned toward exploring their potential in treating autoimmune diseases. Bibliometric analysis of 210 records from 128 academic journals published by 372 institutions in 40 countries/regions indicates a growing number of publications on CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases, covering a range of subtypes such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, among others. CAR-T therapy holds promise in mitigating several shortcomings, including the indiscriminate suppression of the immune system by traditional immunosuppressants, and non-sustaining therapeutic levels of monoclonal antibodies due to inherent pharmacokinetic constraints. By persisting and proliferating in vivo, CAR-T cells can offer a tailored and precise therapeutics. This paper reviewed preclinical experiments and clinical trials involving CAR-T and CAR-related therapies in various autoimmune diseases, incorporating innovations well-studied in the field of hematological tumors, aiming to explore a safe and effective therapeutic option for relapsed/refractory autoimmune diseases.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the intervention effect and potential mechanism of breviscapine on hepatic fibrosis （HF） in rats based on the transforming growth factor-β（1 TGF-β1）/Smad2/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1（ERK1） and Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1（Keap1）/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） pathways. METHODS Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， breviscapine low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5.4， 10.8， 21.6 mg/kg）， and colchicine group （positive control， 0.45 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group， half male and half female. Except for the normal control group， HF model of the other groups was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Subsequently， each drug group was given corresponding medicine by gavage once a day for 28 days. The liver appearance of rats in each group was observed and their liver coefficients were calculated. The levels of alanineaminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）in serum， those of ALT， AST， superoxide dismutase （SOD），malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH- Px） in liver tissue were detected. The liver tissue inflammatory and fibrotic changes were observed. The protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1， Smad2， ERK1， Nrf2， Keap1 and HO-in liver tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， the model group showed large areas of white nodular lesions in the liver， obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition. The body weight， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue， the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly lowered in the model group （P＜0.05）； the liver coefficient， the percentage of Masson staining positive area， ALT and AST levels of serum and liver tissue， MDA level of liver tissue， the protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1， Smad2， ERK1 and Keap1 were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the liver lesions of rats in each drug group were improved， and the above quantitative indexes were generally reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Breviscapine has a good intervention effect on HF rats， which may be related to inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/ERK1 pathway for anti-fibrosis and regulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.

In order to maximize the detection efficiency of the surface contamination detector on α rays and make up for the problems of insufficient protective measures of the detector,a new detection window protection device for wound contamination detector was designed.The device was consisted of a protective film and a fixed frame sleeve.The protective film was made of a transparent flat Mylar film with a thickness of≤2.5 μm and a circular shape.Its diameter matched the detection surface diameter of the wound radiation measuring instrument probe and can be used in combination with the appropriate model of wound radiation measuring instrument probe.The sleeve was provided with a closed end and an open end,the protective film was fixed on the inner side of the closed end of the sleeve,and the open end of the sleeve was provided with an annular fixing buckle,so that the sleeve can be firmly installed on the probe of the disposable wound radiation measuring instrument.After installation,the protective film can be closely attached to the detection surface of the probe of the wound radiation measuring instrument.Two commonly used contamination detectors were selected to measure the artificial radioactive sources under three protection conditions:film-free protection,plastic wrap protection and new protective devices,and the detection efficiency and operability of the detection window protection device of the new wound contamination detector were tested.The results showed that compared with the traditional protective measures of plastic wrap,the new device can significantly improve the detection efficiency of wound radioactive contamination,especially α contamination,and effectively protect the instrument and equipment,and improve the detection efficiency of wound pollution operators.

Objective To investigate the association of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and severity of coronary stenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease(SCAD).Methods Totally 144 patients who underwent coronary angiography firstly due to suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled.The patients were divided into SCAD group(n=101)and non-CAD group(n=43),and the clinical data were compared.The SCAD group was fuether divided into three subgroups accoding to Gensini score:mild stenosis group(Gensini<16,n=32),moderate stenosis(16≤Gensini<30,n=33)and severe stenosis group(Gensini≥36,n=35).The clinical data of each group were compared.Odinal Logistic regression was used to analysis the influencing factors of severe stenosis.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was performed to evaluated the ability of NGAL in discriminating severe stenosis.Results Serum NGAL,high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)level in SCAD group were higher than those in non-CAD group(P<0.01).Comparing with mild and moderate stenosis groups,NGAL and hs-CRP level were more higher in severe stenosis group(P<0.01).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that NGAL and hs-CRP were independent risk factors for severe coronary stenosis(both P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve of NGAL and hs-CRP were 0.771,0.702 respectively(both P<0.01).The difference between two AUCs was 0.069 which was insignificant(P>0.05).Conclusion Serum NGAL increased is closely associated with severe coronary stenosis in patients with SCAD,which has a certain ability of discriminating severity of coronary stenosis.