Small urban wetlands are widely distributed and susceptible to human activities, serving as important sources and sinks of carbon. Microorganisms play a crucial role in carbon cycle, while limited studies have been conducted on the microbial diversity in small urban wetlands and the functions of microbiome in carbon fixation and metabolism. To probe into the microbiome-driven carbon cycling in small urban wetlands and dissect the composition and functional groups of microbiome, we analyzed the relationships between the microbiome structure, element metabolism pathways, and habitat physicochemical properties in sediment samples across three small wetlands in Huzhou City, and compared them with natural wetlands in the Zoige wetland. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and metagenomics was employed to determine the species and functional groups. Sixty medium to high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were constructed, including 55 bacterial and 5 archaeal taxa, and their potential in driving elemental cycles were analyzed, with a focus on carbon fixation. Several bacterial species were found to encode a nearly complete carbon fixation pathway, including the Calvin cycle, the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, and the reductive glycine pathway. There were several potential novel carbon-fixing bacterial members, such as those belonging to Syntrophorhabdus (Desulfobacterota) and UBA4417 (Bacteroidetes), which had high relative abundance in the wetland microbiome. Unveiling the genetic potential of these functional groups to facilitate element cycling is of great scientific importance for enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of small urban wetlands.
Wetlands ; Microbiota/genetics* ; Carbon Cycle/genetics* ; Bacteria/classification* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; China ; Cities ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology* ; Archaea/classification* ; Metagenomics ; Metagenome

Objective To observe the protective effect of Yuebi Decoction on adriamycin(ADR)-induced mouse glomerular endothelial cells(MGEC),and to explore the possible mechanism of action.Methods MGEC were stimulated with ADR at a concentration of 1.25 μmol·L-1 for 12 h.MGEC were divided into five groups:normal group,model group,and Yuebi Decoction low,medium,and high dosage groups(5%,10%,and 20%of drug-containing serum);the viability of cells was detected by CCK-8 assay,the cell mobility was detected by Transwell assay.The relative expression levels of MGEC VCAM-1,Rac1,STAT3,and p-STAT3 were detected by Western blot.The expression of endothelial marker CD31,VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the normal group,the endothelial cell migration rate was decreased in the model group(P<0.01),the protein expression levels of VCAM-1,ICAM-1,Rac1 and p-STAT 3 were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The endothelial cell migration rate of the high-dose group of Yuebi Decoction was significantly increased compared with that of the model group(P<0.05).VCAM-1,ICAM-1,Rac1 and p-STAT3 protein expression levels of the drug-containing serum of Yuebi Decoction each group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yuebi Decoction inhibited ADR-induced adhesion molecule expression in MGEC,alleviated endothelial injury,and improved endothelial cell migration rate.Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the Rac1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To identify early potential risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), construct a risk prediction model, and evaluate its predictive efficacy. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted using clinical data from mTBI patients admitted to the neurosurgery department of Changzhou Second People's Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they developed HAP. Clinical data within 48 hours of admission were statistically analyzed to identify factors influencing HAP occurrence through univariate analysis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was employed for feature selection to identify the most influential variables. The dataset was divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was then performed using the training set to construct the prediction model, exploring the risk factors for HAP in mTBI patients and conducting internal validation in the validation set. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve were utilized to assess the sensitivity, specificity, decision value, and predictive accuracy of the prediction model. RESULTS: A total of 677 mTBI patients were included, with 257 in the HAP group and 420 in the non-HAP group. The significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, maximum body temperature (MaxT), maximum heart rate (MaxHR), maximum systolic blood pressure (MaxSBP), minimum systolic blood pressure (MinSBP), maximum respiratory rate (MaxRR), cause of injury, and laboratory indicators [C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil count (NEUT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen (FBG), fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), total cholesterol (TC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prealbumin (PAB), albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), glucose (Glu), K⁺, Na⁺], suggesting they could be potential risk factors for HAP in mTBI patients. After LASSO regression analysis, the key risk factors were enrolled in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that the cause of injury being a traffic accident [odds ratio (OR) = 2.199, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.124-4.398, P = 0.023], NEUT (OR = 1.330, 95%CI was 1.214-1.469, P < 0.001), ESR (OR = 1.053, 95%CI was 1.019-1.090, P = 0.003), FBG (OR = 0.272, 95%CI was 0.158-0.445, P < 0.001), PT (OR = 0.253, 95%CI was 0.144-0.422, P < 0.001), APTT (OR = 0.689, 95%CI was 0.578-0.811, P < 0.001), Alb (OR = 0.734, 95%CI was 0.654-0.815, P < 0.001), BUN (OR = 0.720, 95%CI was 0.547-0.934, P = 0.016), and Na⁺ (OR = 0.756, 95%CI was 0.670-0.843, P < 0.001) could serve as main risk factors for constructing the prediction model. Calibration curves demonstrated good calibration of the prediction model in both training and validation sets with no evident over fitting. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the prediction model in the training set was 0.943 (95%CI was 0.921-0.965, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 83.6% and a specificity of 91.5%. In the validation set, the AUC was 0.917 (95%CI was 0.878-0.957, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 90.1% and a specificity of 85.0%. DCA indicated that the prediction model had a high net benefit, suggesting practical clinical applicability. CONCLUSIONS The cause of injury being a traffic accident, NEUT, ESR, FBG, PT, APTT, Alb, BUN, and Na⁺ are identified as major risk factors influencing the occurrence of HAP in mTBI patients. The prediction model constructed using these parameters effectively assesses the likelihood of HAP in mTBI patients.
Humans ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Logistic Models ; Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia/epidemiology* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications* ; Male ; Female ; ROC Curve ; Pneumonia/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult

Forkhead box O(FOXO)transcription factors serve as critical signaling hubs,initiating downstream autophagy-related gene expression in response to various growth factors and participating in mito-chondrial autophagy,thereby influencing cellular damage and repairing processes in acute and chronic kidney diseases.This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of FOXO transcription factors and their impacts on au-tophagy and mitochondrial autophagy,aiming to explore the prospects of FOXO-induced mitochondrial autophagy in the treatment of renal diseases.

Forkhead box O(FOXO)transcription factors serve as critical signaling hubs,initiating downstream autophagy-related gene expression in response to various growth factors and participating in mito-chondrial autophagy,thereby influencing cellular damage and repairing processes in acute and chronic kidney diseases.This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of FOXO transcription factors and their impacts on au-tophagy and mitochondrial autophagy,aiming to explore the prospects of FOXO-induced mitochondrial autophagy in the treatment of renal diseases.

Objective To observe the effects of Yuebi Decoction on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome(NS)and adhesion molecule levels in rats;To explore the possible mechanism of its inhibition of NS edema.Methods A NS rat model was established by a one-time tail vein injection of 6.5 mg/kg adriamycin.The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,prednisone group and Yuebi Decoction group.The prednisone group and Yuebi Decoction group were given 5 mg/kg prednisone and 22.2 g/kg Yuebi Decoction by gavage,respectively.The normal group and the model group were given an equal amount of normal saline by gavage,once a day for 2 consecutive weeks.The wet and dry weight ratios of skin and kidney were detected,24 hour urine total protein quantification(24 hUTP)and the contents of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),total cholesterol(TC),albumin(ALB),hemoglobin(HB)were detected,HE and PAS staining was used to observe the morphology of renal tissue,ELISA was used to detect vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)contents in renal tissue,the positive expressions of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry,the expressions of VCAM-1,Rac1,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and p-STAT3 proteins were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the wet dry weight ratio of the skin and kidney of the model group rats significantly increased(P<0.01),and the 24 hUTP,SCr,BUN and TC contents significantly increased(P<0.01),while the ALB and HB contents significantly decreased(P<0.01);with glomerular balloon atrophy,the renal tubules exhibit protein casts,inflammatory cell infiltration in renal interstitium,and significant increase in the contents of VCAM-1,ICAM-1 and protein expressions of VCAM-1,Rac1,p-STAT3 in renal tissue(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the wet dry weight ratio of the skin and kidneys of rats in the prednisone group and Yuebi Decoction group was significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the 24 hUTP,SCr,BUN and TC were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the contents of ALB and HB significantly increased(P<0.01);the infiltration of inflammatory cells in renal tissue was reduced,the protein casts decreased,and the contents of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in renal tissue,as well as the expressions of VCAM-1,Rac1 and p-STAT3 proteins significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yuebi Decoction can alleviate edema,reduce urine protein,and improve capillary permeability in NS rats.Its mechanism is related to inhibiting the Rac1/STAT3 signaling pathway and reducing the expression of renal tissue adhesion molecules.

Objective To observe the effects of Yuebi Decoction on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome(NS)and adhesion molecule levels in rats;To explore the possible mechanism of its inhibition of NS edema.Methods A NS rat model was established by a one-time tail vein injection of 6.5 mg/kg adriamycin.The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,prednisone group and Yuebi Decoction group.The prednisone group and Yuebi Decoction group were given 5 mg/kg prednisone and 22.2 g/kg Yuebi Decoction by gavage,respectively.The normal group and the model group were given an equal amount of normal saline by gavage,once a day for 2 consecutive weeks.The wet and dry weight ratios of skin and kidney were detected,24 hour urine total protein quantification(24 hUTP)and the contents of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),total cholesterol(TC),albumin(ALB),hemoglobin(HB)were detected,HE and PAS staining was used to observe the morphology of renal tissue,ELISA was used to detect vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)contents in renal tissue,the positive expressions of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry,the expressions of VCAM-1,Rac1,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and p-STAT3 proteins were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the wet dry weight ratio of the skin and kidney of the model group rats significantly increased(P<0.01),and the 24 hUTP,SCr,BUN and TC contents significantly increased(P<0.01),while the ALB and HB contents significantly decreased(P<0.01);with glomerular balloon atrophy,the renal tubules exhibit protein casts,inflammatory cell infiltration in renal interstitium,and significant increase in the contents of VCAM-1,ICAM-1 and protein expressions of VCAM-1,Rac1,p-STAT3 in renal tissue(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the wet dry weight ratio of the skin and kidneys of rats in the prednisone group and Yuebi Decoction group was significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the 24 hUTP,SCr,BUN and TC were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the contents of ALB and HB significantly increased(P<0.01);the infiltration of inflammatory cells in renal tissue was reduced,the protein casts decreased,and the contents of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in renal tissue,as well as the expressions of VCAM-1,Rac1 and p-STAT3 proteins significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yuebi Decoction can alleviate edema,reduce urine protein,and improve capillary permeability in NS rats.Its mechanism is related to inhibiting the Rac1/STAT3 signaling pathway and reducing the expression of renal tissue adhesion molecules.

Objective To observe the protective effect of Yuebi Decoction on adriamycin(ADR)-induced mouse glomerular endothelial cells(MGEC),and to explore the possible mechanism of action.Methods MGEC were stimulated with ADR at a concentration of 1.25 μmol·L-1 for 12 h.MGEC were divided into five groups:normal group,model group,and Yuebi Decoction low,medium,and high dosage groups(5%,10%,and 20%of drug-containing serum);the viability of cells was detected by CCK-8 assay,the cell mobility was detected by Transwell assay.The relative expression levels of MGEC VCAM-1,Rac1,STAT3,and p-STAT3 were detected by Western blot.The expression of endothelial marker CD31,VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the normal group,the endothelial cell migration rate was decreased in the model group(P<0.01),the protein expression levels of VCAM-1,ICAM-1,Rac1 and p-STAT 3 were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The endothelial cell migration rate of the high-dose group of Yuebi Decoction was significantly increased compared with that of the model group(P<0.05).VCAM-1,ICAM-1,Rac1 and p-STAT3 protein expression levels of the drug-containing serum of Yuebi Decoction each group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Yuebi Decoction inhibited ADR-induced adhesion molecule expression in MGEC,alleviated endothelial injury,and improved endothelial cell migration rate.Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the Rac1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Science and technological advancements drive human progress, with laboratory animals serving as essential resources for developments in life sciences and medicine. However, the waste generated by these animals presents new challenges for urban management. Issues such as classification, recycling, effective utilization, and biohazard elimination must be addressed, necessitating the development of regulations, standards, and norms to keep pace with advancements. The construction of quality management system is the foundation and framework for the management of inspection and testing organizations. It should have strong operability and inspectability, enabling continuous improvement of the management level and enhancing the stability of basic management. However, current quality management systems often lack clarity in managing laboratory animal waste, including undefined disposal processes for non-medical institutions, inaccurate waste classification, and inadequate disposal methods for different waste categories. This paper addresses these challenges by identifying necessary processes to be added or removed in the quality management system of National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, developing effective SOPs, proposing practical measures to strengthen supervision and management, and integrating 6S management principles into our quality management system. In conclusion, effective management of laboratory animal waste should be centered on improving the quality management system, emphasizing waste classification and management at the source, controlling biological hazards, minimizing environmental pollution and promoting conditions for sustainable development.

BACKGROUND:Short-term wearing of cervical brace combined with shoulder and neck muscle exercise can significantly improve the symptoms of early cervical spondylosis.After stopping wearing cervical brace,patients'symptoms are easy to recur,which may be due to the lack of cervical curvature correction function. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of 3D printed personalized cervical orthopedic brace for adjusting cervical curvature in the treatment of early cervical spondylosis. METHODS:From January 2021 to January 2023,30 patients with early cervical spondylosis in the Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital,Fudan University were studied,including 11 males and 19 females,with a mean age of(31.7±6.6)years old.All patients customized and wore 3D printed personalized cervical orthopedic braces for 3 hours a day for continuous 12 weeks.Borden value of cervical curvature,pain threshold of shoulder and neck muscles,cervical dysfunction index,and visual analog scale score in 30 patients were recorded before and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with before treatment,the difference of Borden value of cervical curvature,right trapezius tenderness threshold,and cervical dysfunction index was not significant in 30 patients after 4 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).Visual analog scale score,left trapezius tenderness threshold,left and right C5C6 tenderness threshold were significantly improved(P<0.05).(2)Compared with before treatment,the cervical curvature Borden value,left and right trapezius tenderness threshold,visual analog scale score,left and right C5C6 tenderness threshold,and cervical dysfunction index of 30 patients were significantly improved after 12 weeks of treatment(P<0.05).(3)Compared with 4 weeks after treatment,the Borden value of cervical curvature,right trapezius tenderness threshold,visual analog scale score,left and right C5C6 tenderness threshold and cervical dysfunction index of 30 patients after 12 weeks of treatment were significantly improved(P<0.05).(4)The results show that short-term wearing of 3D printed personalized cervical orthopedic brace can improve the pain of patients with early cervical spondylosis,while long-term application has certain effect on the recovery of cervical curvature.