In December 2024, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) released the 2024 edition of EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carci-noma (HCC). Compared to the 2018 edition, the 2024 edition includes significant updates in several areas, such as personalized surveillance strategies based on individual risk assessment, standardiza-tion of liver imaging protocols and diagnostic criteria, the use of minimally invasive surgical approaches in complex cases, an updated approach to liver transplantation integration, transitions between surgery, locoregional, and systemic therapies, as well as the positioning of radiotherapy and the use of combination immunotherapy at various stages of the disease. The authors systematically interpret the main updates related to treatment strategies in the new guidelines, aiming to provide clinicians with clear decision-making references for treatment.

In December 2024, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) released the 2024 edition of EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carci-noma (HCC). Compared to the 2018 edition, the 2024 edition includes significant updates in several areas, such as personalized surveillance strategies based on individual risk assessment, standardiza-tion of liver imaging protocols and diagnostic criteria, the use of minimally invasive surgical approaches in complex cases, an updated approach to liver transplantation integration, transitions between surgery, locoregional, and systemic therapies, as well as the positioning of radiotherapy and the use of combination immunotherapy at various stages of the disease. The authors systematically interpret the main updates related to treatment strategies in the new guidelines, aiming to provide clinicians with clear decision-making references for treatment.

Calcium-activated chloride channels(CaCCs)are a class of channel proteins that trans-port chloride ions activated by intracellular calcium,which play a crucial role in regulating membrane potential,intracellular calcium balance,and cell excitability,particularly in neurons and muscle cells.In the Anoctamin(Ano)family,Ano1 is the most classic CaCC.Targeted modulators of Ano1 have poten-tial therapeutic effects against such diseases as cancer,cystic fibrosis,hypertension,diarrhea,and asthma.Since the discovery of Ano1 in 2008,several methods for screening CaCC-specific modulators have emerged including high-throughput primary screening of fluorescent proteins,electrophysiological patch clamp technique and virtual screening,and identification of small molecule modulators with diverse pharmacological effects.This paper summarizes the principles,advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream screening methods,and reviews the chemical structures and potential applications of Ano1-specific modulators discovered to date.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malign-ancy in clinic. The prognosis of patients remains extremely poor because of the high malignancy and easy recurrence and metastasis of HCC. In recent years, the roles of platelets in promoting the malignant progression of HCC have increasingly attracted much attention. It is known that platelets could promote HCC cells proliferation and invasion through tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, platelets are capable to promote HCC cells distant metastasis by facilitating tumor cells evasion of immune surveillance. Besides, the platelet-derived growth factors and proangiogenic factors are also involved in the proliferation, invasiveness, and neovascularization of HCC. In addition, patients with HCC normally have a background of cirrhosis, and it is still controversial that whether the thrombocytopenia by portal hypertension and hypersplenism can promote the malignant progress of HCC. In view of this, the diagnostic and prognostic value of platelet levels, as well as platelet-associated scores in HCC have increasingly become research focus. The authors elaborate the detailed mechanisms of platelets in malignant progression of HCC, and discuss the recent research progress of platelets as effective diagnostic or prognostic tools for the assessment of HCC, which is of great importance to optimize the current treatment regimen and explore novel therapeutic strategies against HCC.

Objective To investigate the effect of moldavica total flavone on pulmonary function and collagen type Ⅲ in lung tissue of ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthmatic rats. Methods A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, dexamethasone group, and moldavica total flavone low, medium and high dose group. Rat asthma model was established by ovalbumin challenge methods except the control group. The control and model group were intragastrically given distilled water, medicine groups were intragastrically given moldavica total flavone and dexamethasone for 30 d, once per day. After the last administration, the pulmonary function and airway responsiveness including breathing frequency (F), minute ventilation (MVb), peak inspiratory flow (PIFb), peak expiratory flow (PEFb) and enhanced pause (Penh) were measured by using non-invasive measurement system (Penh system, Buxco, USA). The collagen type Ⅲ in lung tissue were detected by ELISA. Results The moldavica total flavone at 180 and 360 mg/kg decreased F and Penh (P<0.05, P<0.01), increased MVb, PIFb and PEFb (P<0.05), and decreased collagen type Ⅲ in lung tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Moldavica total flavone can relieve the airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, improve respiratory function of ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthmatic rats.