ObjectiveTo provide a reference for the rational clinical use of cold Chinese medicines by sorting and analyzing their properties， flavors， meridian tropism， primary therapeutic indications， methods of administration， dosages， and precautions as recorded in the 2020 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China （Chinese Pharmacopoeia）. MethodsCold Chinese medicines for internal and external use included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were entered one by one， and their efficacy， properties， flavors， meridian tropism， methods of administration， dosages， and usage precautions were statistically classified and summarized to guide clinical medication use. ResultsA total of 259 cold Chinese medicines for internal use were included and categorized into 18 efficacy groups， mainly comprising heat-clearing drugs， water-excreting and dampness-draining drugs， and phlegm-resolving， cough- and asthma-relieving drugs. Their predominant flavors were bitter， sweet， and pungent， and they primarily entered the liver， lung， and stomach meridians. The main methods of administration included decocting first， grinding into powder for oral use， or preparing into pills or powders， with most dosages ranging from 9 to 15 g. A total of 83 cold Chinese medicines for external use were included， involving 16 efficacy categories. Their main flavors were bitter， sweet， and pungent， primarily entering the liver， lung， and large intestine meridians. The main external application methods were grinding into powder for topical use or preparing decoctions for fumigation and washing， with most dosages ranging from 9 to 15 g. Whether for internal or external use， cold Chinese medicines should be used with caution or contraindicated in pregnant women. ConclusionThe cold Chinese medicines included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are mainly suitable for patients with carbuncles， swellings， and coughs. However， in clinical practice， it is necessary to strictly follow the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment， pay attention to administration methods and dosages， and use cold medicines rationally and effectively to improve clinical efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the barrier membrane fixation performance and enhanced guided bone regeneration (GBR) capability of a thermosensitive adhesive containing bioactive glass nanoparticles in order to provide a novel solution for membrane fixation during GBR procedures. Methods: M2NP@BGN (methoxyethyl acrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-protocatechuic acid@Bioactive glass nanoparticle), a thermosensitive adhesive, was synthesized via free radical polymerization by compositing methoxyethyl acrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide, and protocatechuic acid into a basic adhesive that was modified with bioactive glass nanoparticle (BGN). The successful fabrication of basic adhesive M2NP was characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermosensitive adhesive M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and a rheometer. By adjusting the BGN concentration (0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL), the adhesive and mechanical strengths were investigated with a universal testing machine. Biocompatibility was evaluated with a cell counting kit-8 assay and hemolysis test to identify the optimal formulation. The optimal material’s extract was co-cultured with mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and its osteogenic activity was examined in vitro by quantitative real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red S staining. The rat mandibular defect model was established, filled with bone graft, and divided into 3 groups based on membrane fixation method: M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) fixation group (M2NP@BGN), titanium nail fixation group (Nail), and unfixed control group (Negative). Bone regeneration was analyzed after 8 weeks by micro computed tomography and histological staining. Results: M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) was successfully synthesized and demonstrated rapid gelation under warm, humid conditions. The adhesive with a BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL exhibited the highest adhesive strength (P < 0.001) and significantly enhanced mechanical strength (P < 0.001) under 37℃ wet conditions. All formulations showed excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability > 80% and hemolysis ratio < 5%. M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) significantly upregulated the expression of Runx2 and Col I (P < 0.001) and enhanced the activity of osteogenic differentiation markers (P < 0.05). In the animal model, the M2NP@BGN group (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) achieved significantly higher bone volume fraction and better bone maturity compared to the negative and nail groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion M2NP@BGN (BGN concentration of 1 mg/mL) combines excellent wet adhesion with potent osteogenic activity, enhances the bone augmentation efficacy of membranes, and presents a novel fixation strategy with significant clinical translation potential for GBR therapy.

Depression is a common mental disorder that falls under the category of "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Its complex pathogenesis poses challenges for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Currently， clinically used antidepressants are often accompanied by significant side effects， and statistics show that about one-third of patients do not respond to these medications. TCM demonstrates advantages in the treatment of depression through multi-target， multi-pathway and multi-mechanistic approaches. Pinelliae Rhizoma， a phlegm-resolving herb， exhibits effects such as drying dampness and resolving phlegm， as well as eliminating stuffiness and reducing masses. The characteristics of harmonizing Yin and Yang and resolving stagnation in the middle energizer align precisely with the pathogenesis of depression syndrome， demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in affected patients. Literature studies have found that the active ingredients of Pinelliae Rhizoma， such as cavidine， baicalein， β-sitosterol， as well as Pinelliae Rhizoma herb pairs， such as Pinelliae Rhizoma-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Pinelliae Rhizoma-husked sorghum， Pinelliae Rhizoma-Prunellae Spica， exhibit significant antidepressant effects. Furthermore， TCM formulas containing Pinelliae Rhizoma as the principal therapeutic agent， such as Banxia Xiexin Tang， Banxia Houpo Tang， and Wendan Tang， as well as formulas incorporating Pinelliae Rhizoma like compound Xiaochaihu Tang， Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang， and Erchen Tang， have also demonstrated favorable antidepressant efficacy. The antidepressant mechanism of these agents may involve modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and dopamine （DA） levels， up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） expression， regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， reduction of oxidative stress， modulation of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， and inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammatory responses. This review summarized the antidepressant mechanisms and clinical applications of the active components， herb pairs， and TCM formulas containing Pinelliae Rhizoma， aiming to provide a reference for modern research on the use of Pinelliae Rhizoma in antidepressant therapy.

The principle and composition of Philips Ingenia Series MRI scanners were introduced.Three common faults of Philips Ingenia Series MRI scanners were analyzed in terms of the phenomenon,cause and elimination measure.References were provided for clinical engineers to treat similar faults.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):116-120]

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium triple live bacteria enteric-coated capsules in the adjuvant treatment of patientys with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)complicated with depression,and its effect on intestinal flora and inflammatory indicators.Methods A total of 168 patients with GDM complicated with depression were selected and randomly divided into the control group(81 cases,treated with psychological counseling,dietary control and appropriate exercise)and the observation group(87 cases,treated with Bifidobacterium trilactis enteric-coated capsules on the basis of the control group,2 capsules each time,twice a day).Both groups were treated for 1 month continuously.The therapeutic effects were evaluated after treatment.The depression degree of patients was evaluated by Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)before treatment and one month after treatment.The fasting blood glucose(FBG)and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2 hPG)of patients were detected.The intestinal flora was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The inflammatory indicators serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and serum C-reactive protein(CRP)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoturbidimetry.The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in peripheral venous blood were detected by automatic blood analyzer,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)was calculated.The adverse drug reactions were recorded.Results The total effective rate was 96.55%in the observation group,which was higher than that of the control group(87.65%,P＜0.05).After 1 month of treatment,the SDS score,FBG,2 hPG,serum TNF-α,CRP and NLR were decreased in both groups,and those of the observation group were lower than the control group(P＜0.05).One month after treatment,there was no significant difference in the number of intestinal flora compared with that before treatment in the control group.The number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the observation group was increased compared with that before treatment,while the number of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis decreased.After 1 month of treatment,the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,while the number of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.01).The adverse reaction rate of the observation group was 3.45%,and there was no significant difference compared with 1.23%of the control group.Conclusion Bifidobacterium triple live bacteria enteric-coated capsules has a good clinical effect in the adjuvant treatment of GDM with depression,which can effectively control blood glucose level,improve intestinal flora,reduce inflammatory reaction and has good safety.

Objective To develop a hypoxia endurance testing system for aviation physiological training of pilots.Methods The hypoxia endurance testing system comprised a low-oxygen mixed gas generator,a pressurization system for low-oxygen mixed gas and a personal breathing apparatus.The low-oxygen mixed gas generator consisted of a main unit composed of an air compressor,a filter,a buffer tank,polymer membrane,a control module,sensors and regulators,wire cables,supporting hoses,etc.;the pressurization system for low-oxygen mixed gas was made up of a protective box,a cooling fan,a motor and a driver,a control module,a solenoid valve,a convergence block,a pressure gauge,etc.;the personal breating apparatus was composed of a gas cylinder,a pressure reducer,an oxygen supply regulator,etc.Forty-eight subjects were selected for hypoxia exposure tests to verify the effectiveness of the system.Results The system developed had the functions of low-oxygen gas preparation,pressurized filling and hypoxia experiment,and the experimental results indicated the acute hypoxia exposure by the system significantly caused signs and symptoms of hypoxia and weakened physiological functions.Conclusion The system developed gains advantages in high accuracy of gas volume fraction control,safety and remarkable effect of simulated hypoxia,and can be an effective tool for acute high-altitude hypoxia testing and training of pilots.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):23-28]

Patent foramen ovale(PFO)demonstrates significant comorbidity with migraine,but its causal relationship and the efficacy of transcatheter closure remain controversial.This systematic review examines potential biomarkers and relevant imaging assessments for PFO-associated migraine,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Key biomarkers include platelet activation markers,calcitonin gene-related peptide,homocysteine,and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.Imaging evaluations encompass right-to-left shunt grading(transthoracic echocardiography,transcranial Doppler ultrasound),cerebrovascular breath-holding index,characteristics of white matter hyperintensities,alterations in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-f-MRI)brain networks,in-situ thrombi detected by optical coherence tomography,and electroencephalogram(EEG)power spectral features.Research indicates that integrating biomarkers with imaging technologies enhances diagnostic discrimination and treatment outcome prediction.Current challenges include unclear causal relationships and insufficient standardization of detection methods.Future efforts require multidisciplinary collaboration to establish personalized diagnostic and therapeutic frameworks through multimodal indicators,thereby advancing precise prevention and treatment strategies for PFO-related migraine.

Objective:To investigate the effects of annulus fibrosus(AF)suture or not on the lumbar biome-chanics following microendoscopic discectomy(MED)through establishing finite element models(FEMs)of unsu-tured AF incision and sutured AF incision.Methods:A 27-year-old healthy young adult male volunteer was recruited and underwent lumbar CT to exclude spinal deformities,tumors,and other osseous pathologies.CT images of the L4/L5 segment were imported into the software Mimics for three-dimensional reconstruction and contour extraction.The resulting model was further processed using Geomagic,SolidWorks,and Workbench for solid modeling.An intact L4/5 segment model,an L4/5 model with an unsutured AF incision following MED(unsutured AF model),and an L4/5 model with a sutured AF incision following MED(sutured AF model)were established.Intervertebral range of motion(ROM),Von-Mises stress on the facet joints,and Von-Mises stress on the AF of the models were measured,and model validity was verified by comparison with previously pub-lished studies.After validation,the inferior end of the L5 vertebral body in all the three models was fixed.An axial load of 500N was applied to the superior end of the L4 vertebral body,and a bending moment of 7.5N·m was separately applied under six physiological loading conditions(flexion,extension,left/right lateral bending,and left/right axial rotation).The biomechanical properties of the three models at the L4/5 level,in-cluding intervertebral ROM and Von-Mises stress in facet joints,and Von-Mises stress on the AF were com-pared under different loading conditions.Results:No significant discrepancies were noted when data obtained under these six motion conditions were compared with the findings from prior literature,thus validating the models.Stress nephogram results revealed that under each motion condition,high-stress areas were located at the unsutured defect of the intervertebral disc AF and the surrounding facet joint processes.Compared with the intact model,the intervertebral ROM of the sutured AF model was 8.6802°,8.596°,4.8514°,5.0249°,2.2474°,and 1.9092°,respectively,under the six motions,while that of the unsutured AF model was 8.7475°,8.9453°,5.6441°,5.2546°,2.5886°,and 1.9487°,respectively.The ROM of the sutured AF model was 9％,19％,44％,38％,50％,and 40％higher than that of the intact model;Compared with the unsutured AF mod-el,it was reduced by 1％,4％,14％,4％,13％,and 2％respectively.For Von Mises stress on the AF under the six motion conditions,the stress of the sutured AF model was 2％,65％,21％,32％,51％,and 38％higher than that of the intact model,but 8％,48％,52％,10％,37％,and 48％lower than that of the unsu-tured AF model respectively.For Von-Mises stress in facet joints,the stress values of the sutured AF model were 12.109MPa,8.3601MPa,13.998MPa,12.969MPa,10.219MPa,and 10.074MPa respectively,while those of the unsutured AF model were 13.399MPa,9.6094MPa,18.175MPa,17.967MPa,12.409MPa,and 11.6384MPa respectively.The stress values of Von-Mises stress in facet joints of the sutured AF model was 5％,10％,32％,17％,31％,and 34％higher than that of the intact model;Compared with the unsutured AF model,it was decreased by 9％,13％,22％,27％,17％,and 13％respectively.Conclusions:Among the three con-structed L4/5 FEMs,the sutured AF model exhibits more favorable intervertebral ROM,and Von-Mises stress of facet joints and AF compared with the unsutured AF model.This indicates that AF suture contributes to enhancing intervertebral stability.

Objective To investigate the relationship between high DNA stainability(HDS)and routine semen parameters.Methods Semen samples were collected from 396 men of childbearing age who were admitted to our department.Correlations of HDS with routine semen parameters and age were analyzed.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the routine semen parameters that had the greatest influence on HDS.The correlation of HDS and DNA fragmentation index(DFI)with routine semen parameters and age in 244 patients with teratozoospermia was analyzed.The 244 patients were divided into extremely severe,severe,moderate,and mild teratozoospermia groups,and differences in HDS,DFI,and routine semen parameters were compared among the four groups.Results HDS was negatively correlated with total sperm count,sperm concentration,sperm progressive motility,and normal sperm morphology rate(NSMR)(P<0.01).After adjusting for potential confounders,including total sperm count,sperm concentration,sperm progressive motility,NSMR,and DFI,NSMR had the most significant negative effect on HDS(P<0.05).In the 244 patients with teratozoospermia,HDS was negatively correlated with NSMR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with the percentage of sperm head and tail abnormalities(P<0.05),while DFI was positively correlated with the percentage of sperm tail abnormalities(P<0.01).There was a significant difference in the percentage of sperm head abnormalities among the four teratozoospermia groups.The more severe the malfor-mation,the higher the percentage of sperm head abnormalities was(P<0.001).HDS in the extremely severe teratozoospermia group was significantly higher than that in the mild and moderate teratozoospermia groups(P<0.05).No significant differences in DFI were found among the four groups(P>0.05).Conclusion HDS was closely correlated with routine semen parameters and was a crucial biomarker for assessing sperm quality,particularly the extent of sperm head abnormalities.

Objective:To investigate the effects of annulus fibrosus(AF)suture or not on the lumbar biome-chanics following microendoscopic discectomy(MED)through establishing finite element models(FEMs)of unsu-tured AF incision and sutured AF incision.Methods:A 27-year-old healthy young adult male volunteer was recruited and underwent lumbar CT to exclude spinal deformities,tumors,and other osseous pathologies.CT images of the L4/L5 segment were imported into the software Mimics for three-dimensional reconstruction and contour extraction.The resulting model was further processed using Geomagic,SolidWorks,and Workbench for solid modeling.An intact L4/5 segment model,an L4/5 model with an unsutured AF incision following MED(unsutured AF model),and an L4/5 model with a sutured AF incision following MED(sutured AF model)were established.Intervertebral range of motion(ROM),Von-Mises stress on the facet joints,and Von-Mises stress on the AF of the models were measured,and model validity was verified by comparison with previously pub-lished studies.After validation,the inferior end of the L5 vertebral body in all the three models was fixed.An axial load of 500N was applied to the superior end of the L4 vertebral body,and a bending moment of 7.5N·m was separately applied under six physiological loading conditions(flexion,extension,left/right lateral bending,and left/right axial rotation).The biomechanical properties of the three models at the L4/5 level,in-cluding intervertebral ROM and Von-Mises stress in facet joints,and Von-Mises stress on the AF were com-pared under different loading conditions.Results:No significant discrepancies were noted when data obtained under these six motion conditions were compared with the findings from prior literature,thus validating the models.Stress nephogram results revealed that under each motion condition,high-stress areas were located at the unsutured defect of the intervertebral disc AF and the surrounding facet joint processes.Compared with the intact model,the intervertebral ROM of the sutured AF model was 8.6802°,8.596°,4.8514°,5.0249°,2.2474°,and 1.9092°,respectively,under the six motions,while that of the unsutured AF model was 8.7475°,8.9453°,5.6441°,5.2546°,2.5886°,and 1.9487°,respectively.The ROM of the sutured AF model was 9％,19％,44％,38％,50％,and 40％higher than that of the intact model;Compared with the unsutured AF mod-el,it was reduced by 1％,4％,14％,4％,13％,and 2％respectively.For Von Mises stress on the AF under the six motion conditions,the stress of the sutured AF model was 2％,65％,21％,32％,51％,and 38％higher than that of the intact model,but 8％,48％,52％,10％,37％,and 48％lower than that of the unsu-tured AF model respectively.For Von-Mises stress in facet joints,the stress values of the sutured AF model were 12.109MPa,8.3601MPa,13.998MPa,12.969MPa,10.219MPa,and 10.074MPa respectively,while those of the unsutured AF model were 13.399MPa,9.6094MPa,18.175MPa,17.967MPa,12.409MPa,and 11.6384MPa respectively.The stress values of Von-Mises stress in facet joints of the sutured AF model was 5％,10％,32％,17％,31％,and 34％higher than that of the intact model;Compared with the unsutured AF model,it was decreased by 9％,13％,22％,27％,17％,and 13％respectively.Conclusions:Among the three con-structed L4/5 FEMs,the sutured AF model exhibits more favorable intervertebral ROM,and Von-Mises stress of facet joints and AF compared with the unsutured AF model.This indicates that AF suture contributes to enhancing intervertebral stability.