Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease around the world, and pharmacotherapy is the foremost treatment method currently. In recent decades, with the rapid development of bronchoscopic interventional therapy, endoscopic physical ablation technology presents a therapeutic effect in treating COPD, with few treatment-related side effects, showing excellent application prospects in treating COPD. Since ablation techniques in this field are emerging technologies with low patient acceptance, they are not widely used in the clinical treatment of COPD. This article reviews the development process of physical ablation techniques. Moreover, their current application status and the prospects in the field of COPD treatment are also summarized and analyzed. We hope to promote the application of physical ablation in the clinical treatment of COPD and provide practical references and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of COPD.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with OSCC are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage (clinical staging III-IVa). Even with comprehensive and sequential treatment primarily based on surgery, the 5-year overall survival rate remains below 50%, and patients often suffer from postoperative functional impairments such as difficulties with speaking and swallowing. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are increasingly used in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC and have shown encouraging efficacy. However, clinical practice still faces key challenges, including the definition of indications, optimization of combination regimens, and standards for efficacy evaluation. Based on the latest research advances worldwide and the clinical experience of the expert group, this expert consensus systematically evaluates the application of PD-1 inhibitors in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced OSCC, covering combination strategies, treatment cycles and surgical timing, efficacy assessment, use of biomarkers, management of special populations and immune related adverse events, principles for immunotherapy rechallenge, and function preservation strategies. After multiple rounds of panel discussion and through anonymous voting using the Delphi method, the following consensus statements have been formulated: 1) Neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1 inhibitors can be used preoperatively in patients with locally advanced OSCC. The preferred regimen is a PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum based chemotherapy, administered for 2-3 cycles. 2) During the efficacy evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy, radiographic assessment should follow the dual criteria of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and immune RECIST (iRECIST). After surgery, systematic pathological evaluation of both the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes is required. For combination chemotherapy regimens, PD-L1 expression and combined positive score need not be used as mandatory inclusion or exclusion criteria. 3) For special populations such as the elderly (≥ 70 years), individuals with stable HIV viral load, and carriers of chronic HBV/HCV, PD-1 inhibitors may be used cautiously under the guidance of a multidisciplinary team (MDT), with close monitoring for adverse events. 4) For patients with a poor response to neoadjuvant therapy, continuation of the original treatment regimen is not recommended; the subsequent treatment plan should be adjusted promptly after MDT assessment. Organ transplant recipients and patients with active autoimmune diseases are not recommended to receive neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy due to the high risk of immune related activation. Rechallenge is generally not advised for patients who have experienced high risk immune related adverse events such as immune mediated myocarditis, neurotoxicity, or pneumonitis. 5) For patients with a good pathological response, individualized de escalation surgery and function preservation strategies can be explored. This consensus aims to promote the standardized, safe, and precise application of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor strategies in the management of locally advanced OSCC patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Wuhua herbal tea on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression and explore its mechanism of action in combating depression.MethodsWe tested the antidepressant effects of Wuhua herbal tea in a rat model of CUMS-induced depression using fluoxetine as a positive control. The rats were divided into four groups: control group, model group, fluoxetine group, and Wuhua herbal tea group. The rats underwent body weight measurements, sucrose preference test, and open-field test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detect the serum levels of serotonin, dopamine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, norepinephrine, and interleukin-6. Intergroup comparisons and detection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA expression in the hippocampus were performed using RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the expression of phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) proteins in hippocampal paraffin sections of CUMS rats.ResultsCompared with the control group, the model group rats had depressive tendencies, exhibiting low vitality and interest in various behavioral indicators which were signs of despair. The Wuhua herbal tea group statistically increased the levels of serotonin and dopamine in the serum of CUMS rats to varying degrees (P = .015 and P = .002); reduced serum levels of ACTH, corticosterone, norepinephrine, and interleukin-6 (all P .05); and decreased mRNA expression of BDNF, CREB, JAK2, and STAT3 in the hippocampus (all P .05); and decreased p-STAT3 protein levels (P = .006).ConclusionWuhua herbal tea shows antidepressant potential in CUMS rats by modulating the HPA axis and inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 overactivation, alleviating neuroinflammation. It also restores BDNF-CREB pathway function, reducing depressive symptoms.

The aim of the present paper is to describe the administration of an imported Plasmodium ovale case with thrombocytopenia, and provide reference for the prevention and control of imported malaria. The patient was a 68-year-old male migrant worker who had been infected with P. ovale and had not received standard treatment. The main manifestation of this attack was thrombocytonia(platelet 81×109/L). The blood sample was tested positive by the rapid detection kit of P. ovale. The patient was treated with antimalarial therapy immediately, but platelets decreased progressively, and metabolic acidosis(bicarbonate concentration 17.2 mmol/L), acute kidney injury(creatinine 251 μmol/L)and other severe changes occurred. After active symptomatic treatment and replacement of malaria treatment regimen, the patient gradually improved. Therefore, early and adequate use of appropriate antimalarial drugs for patients with malaria infection with progressive platelet reduction is the key to curb the progression to severe disease.

Objective To study the effects of antibiotics and high-fat diet on energy metabolism and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice, so as to provide new ideas for the possible mechanism of adipose tissue in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods A total of 80 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with normal diet in the early stage, and the antibiotic gavage group (AG) and antibiotic high-fat group (AFG) were given mixed antibiotics by gavage. The blank group (BG) and the high-fat diet group (FG) were given normal saline intragastric solution for 2 weeks, and after the gavage operation, the FG group and the AFG group were given high-fat diet for obesity modeling, and the BG group and AG group continued to be fed with normal diet for 8 weeks (N=20). After the experiment, each group was injected with β3-adrenergic receptor agonists for 5 days, and the high-fat/ordinary diet remained unchanged. At the end of the experiment, basal metabolic rate (BMR), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and rectal temperature were measured, and feces, blood, subcutaneous white fat, epididymis and brown adipose tissue in the scapular area of mice were collected. The automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine the blood biochemical indexes; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of genes related to browning of WAT and BAT adipose tissue, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine the expression of WAT mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA). Results From the 4th week to the end of the experiment, the weight of the AFG group was significantly higher than that of the AG group and significantly lower than that of the FG group (P<0.05). The body weight, organ coefficient, serum TC level, rectal temperature and WAT cell diameter in the AFG group were significantly higher than those in the AG group. The serum levels of FBG, TC and LDL in the AFG group were significantly lower than those in the FG group (P<0.05). The overall BMR(mlO2/h) FG group was significantly higher than that of BG group, and the AFG group was significantly higher than that of AG. BMR per unit body weight (mlO2/h/g) AFG was significantly higher than that of FG group (P<0.05). The expressions of RIP140, PPAR-γ and UCP-1 in BAT in the AFG group were significantly higher than those in the FG group, and the mt DNA copy number of WAT in the AFG group was significantly higher than that in the FG group (P<0.05). Conclusion Antibiotic intervention can up-regulate the expression of brown fat-related genes in high-fat diet mice, increase brown fat activity, increase the relative mitochondrial number of white fat, increase the level of browning of white fat, promote thermogenesis, increase the BMR per unit body weight of adult obese mice, and then improve the overall energy metabolism of the body, and slow down the weight gain induced by high-fat diet to a certain extent.

Abstract： Objective　To understand the new HIV-1 infection in MSM (men who have sex with men) sentinel population in Haikou and explore the influencing factors of HIV/AIDS epidemic, so as to provide a basis for AIDS prevention and control. Methods　A continuous cross-sectional study was used to detect HIV-1 infection in the MSM sentinel surveillance population in Haikou City from 2019 to 2023, excluding those with known past positive results and those who had been on antiretroviral therapy for more than six months. The positive cases suitable for new infection testing were examined by HIV-1 restriction antigen affinity enzyme immunization method, and binary non-conditional logistic regression model conducted multivariate analysis of new infections. Results　A total of 2 001 MSM were recruited, with a median age M（P25, P75）of 28 (23, 33) years, 89.8% were recruited from the Internet, 90.8% were single; 79.7% resided in the local area for >2 years, 72.6% were educated to college level or above, and the proportion of household registration in the province was 78.0%. From 2019 to 2023, the HIV-1 positive rate among MSM in Haikou from 2019 to 2023 was 6.85% (137/2 001), with a new infection rate of 2.95% (59/2 001). The estimated new infection rate was 8.61% (95%CI: 6.41-10.81), with no significant trend changes in HIV-1 positivity and new infection rates over the years (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that, compared to those who lived locally for ≤2 years, those residing locally for >2 years had a lower probability of recent HIV-1 infection (OR=0.473，95%CI: 0.273-0.821). Compared to those who had never received intervention services, those who had received such services had a lower risk of recent HIV-1 infection (OR=0.347, 95%CI:0.197-0.613). Conclusions　In recent years, the Haikou MSM population has shown characteristics of higher education and younger age, and the rate of new HIV-1 infections has not changed significantly. Receiving intervention services is the protection factor to prevent HIV-1 new infections, whereas the mobile MSM population has a higher risk of HIV-1 new infection. Health management of the mobile MSM population should be strengthened to expand the coverage of AIDS intervention services.

As the first marketed epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib plays an important role in the targeted therapy of malignant tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer, but this drug can cause serious adverse effects such as liver toxicity. If the reaction occurs, the drug must be stopped for liver protection treatment, which greatly affects the treatment process of cancer. However, the mechanism of gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity is still unclear, and clinical treatment measures are very limited. This article aims to review the molecular mechanism of gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity and the commonly used clinical therapeutic drugs, so as to provide scientific basis for clinical prevention and rational drug use.

OBJECTIVE To establish characteristic HPLC chromatograms for Jubei mixture, and to simultaneous determine its six components by HPLC-ELSD. METHODS An HPLC specific chromatogram of the Jubei mixture was established. The chromatographic column was Agilent ZORBAX-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), gradient elution was conducted with acetonitrile(A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B) as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was 30℃, the detection wavelength was 250 nm. An HPLC-ELSD method was established and the chromatography was accomplished on a Waters T3 C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A)-1% acetic acid aqueous solution(B) in a gradient mode, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, the column temperature was set at 30℃. RESULTS The characteristic chromatograms of the HPLC with baicalin as the reference peak was established, and eight common peaks were defined. The linear ranges of amygdalin, liquiritin, peimine, peiminine, platycodin D and ophiopogonin D were good within their own ranges(r ≥ 0.999). The average recovery were 99.1%, 98.6%, 100.9%, 97.7%, 98.9% and 98.0%, RSD were 0.4%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 0.7% and 1.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION The established methods can be used to qualitative identification and quantitative determination of Jubei mixture, can effectively used for evaluation and quality control of Jubei mixture.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨银杏内酯B（GKB）是否通过阻抑PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制胃癌HGC-27细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移及侵袭。方法：将HGC-27细胞分为对照、GKB低剂量（100 mg/L）、GKB高剂量（200 mg/L）、GKB高剂量（200 mg/L）+740Y-P（PI3K激活剂）、Ly294002（PI3K抑制剂）组。采用MTT、Edu、FCM、Transwell实验分别检测各组细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭能力，qPCR和WB法分别检测各组细胞中PI3K mRNA、Akt mRNA、mTOR mRNA和Ki-67、caspase-3、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白的表达。构建胃癌HGC-27细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型，观察GKB对移植瘤生长的影响，WB法检测移植瘤组织中Ki-67、caspase-3、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白的表达。结果：体外实验结果表明，与对照组相比，GKB低剂量组、GKB高剂量组、Ly294002组HGC-27细胞的增殖活力及细胞增殖率、迁移和侵袭细胞数，PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达，以及Ki-67、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达均显著降低（均P<0.05）；细胞凋亡率、caspase-3蛋白表达均显著升高（均P<0.05）；740Y-P可部分逆转GKB对HGC-27细胞的抑制作用（均P<0.05）。荷瘤裸鼠实验结果显示，GKB可显著抑制HGC-27细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长（P<0.05），且可下调PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路相关蛋白的表达。结论：GKB可通过阻抑PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路而抑制胃癌HGC-27细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭并促进其凋亡。

Objective To analyze medication compliance and intervention measures of patients with schizophrenia inWeifang City, and to provide theoretical basis for improving medication compliance of discharged patients with schizophrenia. Methods Atotal of 379 schizophrenic patients discharged from our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected . According to the medication compliance Evaluation Scale (MARS) score one year after discharge, the patients were divided into good medication compliance group (n=284) and poor medication compliance group (n=95).The SDS scores, SAS scores, RBANS scores and MMAS scores were compared between the two groups. Pearson single factor analysis scores were used to analyze the correlation between medication compliance and SDS scores, SAS scores, RBANS scores and MMAS scores. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the independent factors affecting medication compliance of schizophrenia patients. Results SDS score, SAS score and MMAS score of poor compliance group were significantly higher than those of good compliance group (P<0.05). The scores of immediate memory and delayed memory in good compliance group were significantly higher than those in poor compliance group (P<0.05). For each item, the scores of story repetition, vocabulary learning, number span, vocabulary recognition, vocabulary recall and graph recall in the good compliance group were significantly higher than those in the poor compliance group (P<0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, SDS score, SAS score, story repetition score, vocabulary recall score, RBANS total score were correlated with MARS score (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SDS score, SAS score, vocabulary recall and RBANS were independent factors affecting medication compliance in schizophrenia patients (P<0.05). Conclusions The medication compliance of discharged schizophrenic patients in Weifang city is correlated with negative emotion. It is necessary to improve the negative emotion of patients, improve the cognitive function of patients and improve the medication compliance of discharged schizophrenic patients.