A phytochemical study of the root extract of Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso Regel resulted in the isolation and structural characterization of four lignans (1‒4), three flavanones (5, 6, and 8), one chalcone (9), and two monoterpenes (7 and 10). Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that two flavanone glucosides (5 and 6) showed significant inhibitory effect against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), with IC50 values of 31.38 µM and 51.46 µM, respectively. Further enzyme kinetic studies demonstrated that these two compounds acted as noncompetitive PTP1B inhibitors, with Ki values of 30.88 µM and 50.38 µM, respectively.

Background: Bone-target agents (BTAs), including denosumab (DMAb), are one of the bone metastasis treatments that should continue indefinitely. However, BTAs may be interrupted in some cases. In osteoporosis, DMAb withdrawal causes a rebound effect characterized by an increased bone turnover with spine fractures and hypercalcemia; evidence of the DMAb withdrawal effect in oncology is lacking. Methods: This study aimed to identify the DMAb withdrawal effect amongst lung cancer patients treated with DMAb for bone metastases between January 2020 and December 2021. Patients who discontinued DMAb were included. Encounter notes, radiological and laboratory findings were comprehensively reviewed. Results: Thirty patients were included with a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10-30) after DMAb discontinuation. Bisphosphonates were administered before starting DMAb in 7 patients (23.3%) and after DMAb withdrawal in 4 cases (13.3%). Three cases of DMAb withdrawal-related hypercalcemia and 3 cases of spine fractures following DMAb cessation were identified in 5 patients (16.7%), all of them were females and the median age was 65 years old (IQR, 65-70). No statistical difference in DMAb duration or number of injections was found in patients developing DMAb withdrawal-related spine fractures or hypercalcemia compared with others (binary logistic regression, p=0.688 and p=0.938, respectively). Conclusions Patients with bony-metastatic lung cancer, especially post-menopausal women, are at risk of fractures and calcium abnormalities after DMAb discontinuation, suggesting that DMAb withdrawal effect may also be present in the oncological setting. A close follow-up and careful monitoring during and after discontinuation of DMAb is necessary.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura led to the isolation of 12 known compounds (1‒12). Notably, this study marks the first report of 3-epimeridinol (1) being isolated and structurally characterized from a natural source. Additionally, compounds 3, 4, and 7 were isolated from the Asteraceae family for the first time. The structural elucidation of the isolated compound was achieved through analysis of 1D, 2D NMR, and MS data. Upon evaluation of their inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharideinduced nitric oxide production, compound 12 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity with greater potency than the reference compound quercetin. These results established A. iwayomogi as a promising source of antiinflammatory agents.

The neurophysiological mechanisms by which exercise improves cognitive function have not been fully elucidated. A comprehensive and systematic review of current domestic and international neurophysiological evidence on exercise improving cognitive function was conducted from multiple perspectives. At the molecular level, exercise promotes nerve cell regeneration and synaptogenesis and maintains cellular development and homeostasis through the modulation of a variety of neurotrophic factors, receptor activity, neuropeptides, and monoamine neurotransmitters, and by decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors and other modulators of neuroplasticity. At the cellular level, exercise enhances neural activation and control and improves brain structure through nerve regeneration, synaptogenesis, improved glial cell function and angiogenesis. At the structural level of the brain, exercise promotes cognitive function by affecting white and gray matter volumes, neural activation and brain region connectivity, as well as increasing cerebral blood flow. This review elucidates how exercise improves the internal environment at the molecular level, promotes cell regeneration and functional differentiation, and enhances the brain structure and neural efficiency. It provides a comprehensive, multi-dimensional explanation of the neurophysiological mechanisms through which exercise promotes cognitive function.
Animals ; Humans ; Brain/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology* ; Exercise/physiology* ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology* ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of TBL1XR1 mutation on cell biological characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: The TBL1XR1 overexpression vector was constructed and DNA sequencing was performed to determine the mutation status. The effect of TBL1XR1 mutation on apoptosis of DLBCL cell line was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL fluorescence assay; CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of TBL1XR1 mutation on cell proliferation; Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of TBL1XR1 mutation on cell migration and invasion; Western blot was used to detect the effect of TBL1XR1 mutation on the expression level of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins. RESULTS: The TBL1XR1 overexpression plasmid was successfully constructed. The in vitro experimental results showed that TBL1XR1 mutation had no significant effect on apoptosis of DLBCL cells. Compared with the control group, TBL1XR1 mutation enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion of DLBCL cells. TBL1XR1 gene mutation significantly increased the expression of N-cadherin protein, while the expression of E-cadherin protein decreased. CONCLUSION TBL1XR1 mutation plays a role in promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion in DLBCL. TBL1XR1 could be considered as a potential target for DLBCL therapy in future research.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology* ; Cell Proliferation ; Mutation ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics* ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Cell Movement ; Repressor Proteins/genetics* ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Cadherins/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with SIL-TAL1-positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( SIL-TAL1⁺ T-ALL). METHODS: The clinical data of 110 children with newly diagnosed T-ALL admitted to the pediatric department of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were reviewed to compare the clinical characteristics, treatment response and prognosis between SIL-TAL1⁺ group and SIL-TAL1^-group. RESULTS: Among the 110 children with T-ALL, 25 cases (22.7%) were in the SIL-TAL1⁺ group and 85 cases (77.3%) in the SIL-TAL1^- group. The white blood cell (WBC) count in the SIL-TAL1⁺ group was significantly higher than that in the SIL-TAL1^- group (P < 0.05), while the other clinical characteristics and treatment response were not significantly different between the two groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of SIL-TAL1⁺ group and SIL-TAL1^- group were 80.0% and 75.5%, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 76.0% and 72.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS rate and DFS rate between the two groups ( P >0.05). In children aged < 10 years, the 5-year OS rate of SIL-TAL1⁺ group and SIL-TAL1^- group was 100% and 75.1%, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although the WBC level is significantly higher in children with SIL-TAL1⁺ T-ALL than that in those with SIL-TAL1^- T-ALL, the treatment efficacy is similar between the two groups. In children aged < 10 years, the longterm survival rate is superior in the SIL-TAL1⁺ group.
Humans ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Survival Rate ; T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1 ; Child, Preschool ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; Leukocyte Count

OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales, such as Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. METHODS: A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022, and followed up to May 2023. The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis, while for SPPB and BBS, univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves, in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality. Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores. Optimal cut-off value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots, and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test. The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis. RESULTS: For baseline characteristics, age, female, blood urea nitrogen, as well as statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients. With respect to SPPB and BBS, higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments; similar area under the curves were measured for both (0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS). Furthermore, BBS ≤ 36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality, which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors; BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients, as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality. Moreover, prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura led to the isolation of 12 known compounds (1‒12). Notably, this study marks the first report of 3-epimeridinol (1) being isolated and structurally characterized from a natural source. Additionally, compounds 3, 4, and 7 were isolated from the Asteraceae family for the first time. The structural elucidation of the isolated compound was achieved through analysis of 1D, 2D NMR, and MS data. Upon evaluation of their inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharideinduced nitric oxide production, compound 12 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity with greater potency than the reference compound quercetin. These results established A. iwayomogi as a promising source of antiinflammatory agents.

Background: Bone-target agents (BTAs), including denosumab (DMAb), are one of the bone metastasis treatments that should continue indefinitely. However, BTAs may be interrupted in some cases. In osteoporosis, DMAb withdrawal causes a rebound effect characterized by an increased bone turnover with spine fractures and hypercalcemia; evidence of the DMAb withdrawal effect in oncology is lacking. Methods: This study aimed to identify the DMAb withdrawal effect amongst lung cancer patients treated with DMAb for bone metastases between January 2020 and December 2021. Patients who discontinued DMAb were included. Encounter notes, radiological and laboratory findings were comprehensively reviewed. Results: Thirty patients were included with a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10-30) after DMAb discontinuation. Bisphosphonates were administered before starting DMAb in 7 patients (23.3%) and after DMAb withdrawal in 4 cases (13.3%). Three cases of DMAb withdrawal-related hypercalcemia and 3 cases of spine fractures following DMAb cessation were identified in 5 patients (16.7%), all of them were females and the median age was 65 years old (IQR, 65-70). No statistical difference in DMAb duration or number of injections was found in patients developing DMAb withdrawal-related spine fractures or hypercalcemia compared with others (binary logistic regression, p=0.688 and p=0.938, respectively). Conclusions Patients with bony-metastatic lung cancer, especially post-menopausal women, are at risk of fractures and calcium abnormalities after DMAb discontinuation, suggesting that DMAb withdrawal effect may also be present in the oncological setting. A close follow-up and careful monitoring during and after discontinuation of DMAb is necessary.

Background: Bone-target agents (BTAs), including denosumab (DMAb), are one of the bone metastasis treatments that should continue indefinitely. However, BTAs may be interrupted in some cases. In osteoporosis, DMAb withdrawal causes a rebound effect characterized by an increased bone turnover with spine fractures and hypercalcemia; evidence of the DMAb withdrawal effect in oncology is lacking. Methods: This study aimed to identify the DMAb withdrawal effect amongst lung cancer patients treated with DMAb for bone metastases between January 2020 and December 2021. Patients who discontinued DMAb were included. Encounter notes, radiological and laboratory findings were comprehensively reviewed. Results: Thirty patients were included with a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10-30) after DMAb discontinuation. Bisphosphonates were administered before starting DMAb in 7 patients (23.3%) and after DMAb withdrawal in 4 cases (13.3%). Three cases of DMAb withdrawal-related hypercalcemia and 3 cases of spine fractures following DMAb cessation were identified in 5 patients (16.7%), all of them were females and the median age was 65 years old (IQR, 65-70). No statistical difference in DMAb duration or number of injections was found in patients developing DMAb withdrawal-related spine fractures or hypercalcemia compared with others (binary logistic regression, p=0.688 and p=0.938, respectively). Conclusions Patients with bony-metastatic lung cancer, especially post-menopausal women, are at risk of fractures and calcium abnormalities after DMAb discontinuation, suggesting that DMAb withdrawal effect may also be present in the oncological setting. A close follow-up and careful monitoring during and after discontinuation of DMAb is necessary.