Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection refers to the period of primary HIV infection in which there is viral replication, viremia, and variable non-specific symptomatology consistent with an acute viral syndrome. Although HIV infection may occur at the same time as other sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis, co-infection with HIV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is however rare.
We report a 25-year-old man who presented with fever and headache, and who was diagnosed with concurrent HIV-1 and CMV infection. His condition improved after hospital day 10 without specific treatment.
It is important to understand that a number of viruses can cause an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and aseptic meningitis, including HIV.