Objective: To explore the barriers to physical activity behavior among overweight and obese children and adolescents, so as to provide evidence for developing physical activity intervention programs. Methods: From March to April 2025, 13 overweight or obese children and adolescents from one primary school and one secondary school in Nanjing were selected by purposive sampling for semi structured interviews. Guided by the capability, opportunity and motivation-behavior model, data were coded, categorized and analyzed using content analysis. Results: A total of 13 interviews were completed, with a cumulative duration of 358 minutes. Three themes and eight subthemes were identified:capability factors, including physical discomfort and limited physical fitness, weak exercise skills and insufficient behavioral regulation ability, and insufficient psychological capability; opportunity factors, including insufficient family support and negative influence, pressure from school and peer environments, and limited time resources and exercise conditions; and motivation factors, including low self efficacy and situations prone to giving up, and insufficient positive feedback and lack of attractiveness of exercise forms. Conclusions Barriers to physical activity among overweight and obese children and adolescents result from the combined effects of capability, opportunity and motivation. It is necessary to lower the threshold for initiating exercise, strengthen positive experiences and feedback, and build integrate family-school support environments to promote the initiation and maintenance of physical activity behaviors in children and adolescents.

Objective To investigate the changes in the density of Aedes albopictus across different regions and different breeding habitats in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, so as to inform evidence-based control strategies for mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Shanghai Municipality. Methods Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were deployed in 12 subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, and the surveillance on the density of Ae. albopictus was performed in each surveillance site once weekly during the peak activity period of Aedes mosquitoes from May to October each year from 2018 to 2024. Mosquito ovitraps were deployed in various breeding habitats in each surveillance site according to geographical locations, including residential areas, schools, government institutions, hospitals, recycling stations, and construction sites, and regularly collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The changes in the Ae. albopictus density were analyzed based on MOI across years, regions, and breeding habitats. Additionally, from May to October each year between 2018 and 2024, monthly risk assessments of Aedes albopictus density were conducted in every subdistrict (town) of Baoshan District, Shanghai. Results The annual mean MOI values of Ae. albopictus were 5.88 ± 2.29, 8.19 ± 4.46, 7.43 ± 3.40, 5.44 ± 2.52, 3.97 ± 2.72, 3.82 ± 1.57, and 2.56 ± 1.11 in Baoshan District from 2018 to 2024, respectively (F = 75.886, P < 0.05), and the MOI appeared a rise followed by a reduction each year and peaked during the period between June and August. There was a significant difference in the 7-year mean MOI of Ae. albopictus across the 12 subdistricts/towns (F = 26.558, P < 0.05), and there were 6 subdistricts/towns with a 7-year mean MOI of over 5, including Songnan Town (8.44 ± 4.68), Dachang Town (7.71 ± 5.28), Gucun Town (7.13 ± 3.57), Yuepu Town (5.74 ± 1.69), Gaojing Town (5.51 ± 3.44), and Wusong Subdistrict (5.41 ± 2.04). There was a significant difference in the MOI of Ae. albopictus across breeding habitats (F = 3.843, P < 0.05), with the highest MOI seen in recycling stations (9.86 ± 4.61), which was significantly higher than in other habitats (P < 0.05), and the lowest seen in construction sites (4.90 ± 2.95), which was significantly lower than in other habitats (P < 0.05). The proportion of frequency with Ae. albopictus density transmission risk decreased from 54.17% in 2018 to 11.11% in 2024 in all subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, and the frequency of outbreak risks peaked in 2019 (18 instances) and declined substantially in 2021 (6 instances), with no records of outbreak or transmission risk documented across the district in 2024. Conclusions There were substantial seasonal variations in the Ae. albopictus density in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024. The Ae. albopictus density peaked during the period between June and August in Baoshan District each year from 2018 to 2024, with a relatively higher density in Songnan Town and Dachang Town, and in recycling stations. Precision control measures and intensified seasonal interventions are recommended in high-risk settings in Baoshan District to reduce the transmission risk of Aedes-borne infectious diseases.

Xuefu zhuyu decoction is a classic formula for promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis， characterised by its remarkable ability to treat different diseases with the same approach. Qi stagnation and blood stasis， the primary syndrome for which this formula is indicated， has been found through modern medical research to be intrinsically linked to a wide range of pathophysiological processes， including microcirculatory disorders， abnormalities in hemorheology， inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction； which opens up vast scope for the innovative application of traditional formulas. In terms of pharmacological effect and mechanism， the formula exerts a synergistic regulatory effect across multiple key pathological pathways， including the regulation of coagulation function， the maintenance of vascular structure and function， anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions， the mitigation of oxidative stress， and the modulation of programmed cell death （such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis）. This systematically demonstrates its scientific rationale， which is based on integrated regulation through multiple constituents， multiple targets and multiple pathways. In terms of clinical application， the formula has expanded from cardiovascular diseases to multiple disciplines， including gastroenterology， respiratory medicine， urology， neurology， endocrinology， gynaecology and andrology， with evidence-based medical evidence continuing to accumulate. Current research still faces bottlenecks such as a relatively low level of clinical evidence， insufficient systems biology analysis of the mechanisms underlying the compound’s formulation， and a weak correlation between quality control indicators and therapeutic efficacy. Future efforts should focus on conducting multicentre randomised controlled trials for conditions where the formula demonstrates particular efficacy， deepening research into the relationship between integrated pharmacology and spectrum-efficacy relationship， and promoting the precise application and formulation innovation of classical herbal formulas.

Xuefu zhuyu decoction is a classic formula for promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis， characterised by its remarkable ability to treat different diseases with the same approach. Qi stagnation and blood stasis， the primary syndrome for which this formula is indicated， has been found through modern medical research to be intrinsically linked to a wide range of pathophysiological processes， including microcirculatory disorders， abnormalities in hemorheology， inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction； which opens up vast scope for the innovative application of traditional formulas. In terms of pharmacological effect and mechanism， the formula exerts a synergistic regulatory effect across multiple key pathological pathways， including the regulation of coagulation function， the maintenance of vascular structure and function， anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions， the mitigation of oxidative stress， and the modulation of programmed cell death （such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis）. This systematically demonstrates its scientific rationale， which is based on integrated regulation through multiple constituents， multiple targets and multiple pathways. In terms of clinical application， the formula has expanded from cardiovascular diseases to multiple disciplines， including gastroenterology， respiratory medicine， urology， neurology， endocrinology， gynaecology and andrology， with evidence-based medical evidence continuing to accumulate. Current research still faces bottlenecks such as a relatively low level of clinical evidence， insufficient systems biology analysis of the mechanisms underlying the compound’s formulation， and a weak correlation between quality control indicators and therapeutic efficacy. Future efforts should focus on conducting multicentre randomised controlled trials for conditions where the formula demonstrates particular efficacy， deepening research into the relationship between integrated pharmacology and spectrum-efficacy relationship， and promoting the precise application and formulation innovation of classical herbal formulas.

Purpose: This research observed the efficacy and safety of soft tissue expansion combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in repairing second-degree scald scars. Methods: This study conducted a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Eighty-four patients with deep second-degree scald scars were evenly divided into the control and observation groups. The control group was treated with soft tissue expansion, and the observation group was additionally treated with rhEGF. The skin expansion and wound healing times were compared. The changes in wound exudate and inflammation around the wound were observed after first-stage surgery. The hydroxyproline (OHP) and collagen I/III ratios were compared during the second stage of surgery.The complications and repair effects during treatment were evaluated. Results: The observation group exhibited lower expansion time, immediate retraction rate, and wound healing time, higher skin expansion rate, higher wound exudate score and inflammation score, higher OHP, lower collagen I/III, lower complication rate, and higher total effective rate than the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Skin soft tissue expansion combined with rhEGF is more effective in repairing second-degree scald scars, which can effectively increase skin expansion area and reduce wound infection and complications.

Objective:To explore the pain sensations and experiences of patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain, and to provide reference for the formulation of intervention plans.Methods:Objective sampling method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews on 15 patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain in the department of neurology and rehabilitation department of Wuhan No.1 Hospital from January to March 2024. The interview outline was established based on the information-knowledge-attitude-practice (IKAP) theory, and the data were analyzed, summarized and extracted by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:According to the four core components of the IKAP theory, ten themes were extracted. The information and knowledge included the neglect of the importance of early management for hemiplegic shoulder pain, the lack of understanding of the relevant knowledge about hemiplegic shoulder pain, and the use of restricted or incorrect attribution methods in relation to hemiplegic shoulder pain. The attitude included a perception of pain as uncontrollable, the suppression of pain expression, the concern regarding the persistent presence of pain, and the experience of negative emotions. The practice included the adverse effects stemming from hemiplegic shoulder pain, the strategies employed to cope with hemiplegic shoulder pain, and the expectation of multifaceted social support.Conclusions:Patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain bear many burdens and have needs in terms of pain experiences. Healthcare professionals need to strengthen pain health education and guidance, help patients develop correct pain cognition and beliefs, refine the pain management system, assist patients in establishing a diverse social support system, enhance their pain coping abilities, and comprehensively promote the rehabilitation of the disease.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a refractory subtype of breast cancer due to its resistance to various therapeutic strategies. In this study, we introduce a "brake-release and accelerator-pressing" approach to engineer a microneedle patch embedded with copper-doped Prussian blue nanoparticles (Cu-PB) and the ferroptosis inducer sorafenib (SRF) for raised chemodynamic (CDT)/photothermal (PTT) combination therapy against TNBC. Upon transdermal insertion, the dissolving microneedles swiftly disintegrate and facilitate the release of SRF. Under gentle external light exposure, copper ions (Cu²⁺) and iron ions (Fe³⁺) were liberated from Cu-PB. The direct chelation of Cu²⁺ and the indirect suppression by SRF, collectively attenuate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) enzymatic function, destabilizing the cellular redox equilibrium (referred to as the "brake-release" strategy). The release of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions instigates a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction within tumor cells, further yielding hydroxyl radicals and elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations (referred to as the "accelerator-pressing" strategy). This overwhelming ROS accumulation, coupled with the impaired clearance of resultant lipid peroxides (LPO), ultimately triggers a robust ferroptosis cell death response. In summary, this study presents an innovative combinatorial therapeutic strategy based on dual-ferroptosis induction for TNBC, implying a promising therapeutic platform for developing ferroptosis-centered treatments for this aggressive breast cancer subtype.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the molecular mechanism by which lncRNA SNHG15 regulates proliferation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS: The lncRNA microarray chip dataset GSE196584 and LncBase were used to predict the lncRNAs that interact with miR-30b-3p, and their association with patient prognosis were investigated using online databases, after which lncRNA nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) was selected for further analysis. The subcellular localization of lncRNA SNHG15 and its expression levels in normal human lung epithelial cells and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. In cultured A549 cells, the changes in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion following transfection with a SNHG15 knockdown plasmid (sh-SNHG15), a miR-30b-3p inhibitor, or their co-transfection were assessed with EdU, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Bioinformatics analyses were used to predict the regulatory relationship between lncRNA SNHG15 and COX6B1, and the results were verified using Western blotting and rescue experiments in A549 cells transfected with sh-SNHG15, a COX6B1-overexpressing plasmid, or both. RESULTS: LncRNA SNHG15 was shown to target miR-30b-3p, and the former was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and associated with a poor patient prognosis. LncRNA SNHG15 was localized in the cytoplasm and expressed at higher levels in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells than in BEAS-2B cells. In A549 cells, lncRNA SNHG15 knockdown significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion and proliferation, and these changes were reversed by miR-30b-3p inhibitor. A regulatory relationship was found between lncRNA SNHG15 and COX6B1, and their expression levels were positively correlated (r=0.128, P=0.003). MiR-30b-3p knockdown obviously decreased COX6B1 expression in A549 cells, and COX6B1 overexpression rescued the cells from the inhibitory effects of lncRNA-SNHG15 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA SNHG15 may compete with COX6B1 to bind miR-30b-3p through a ceRNA mechanism to affect proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Movement ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; A549 Cells ; Adenocarcinoma/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Line, Tumor

OBJECTIVES: To study the molecular mechanisms of LDH-loaded si-NEAT1 for regulating paclitaxel resistance and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization in breast cancer. METHODS: qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of lncRNA NEAT1, miR-133b, and PD-L1 in breast cancer SKBR3 cells and paclitaxel-resistant SKBR3 cells (SKBR3-PR). The effects of transfection with si-NEAT1 and miR-133b mimics on MRP, MCRP and PD-L1 expressions and cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were investigated using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, scratch and Transwell assays, and flow cytometry. Rescue experiments were conducted using si-NEAT1 and miR-133b inhibitor. Human THP-1 macrophages were cultured in the presence of conditioned media (CM) derived from SKBR3 and SKBR3-PR cells with or with si-NEAT1 transfection for comparison of IL-4-induced macrophage polarization by detecting the surface markers. LDH@si-NEAT1 nanocarriers were constructed, and their effects on MRP, MCRP and PD-L1 expressions and cell behaviors of the tumor cells were examined. THP-1 cells were treated with the CM from LDH@si-NEAT1-treated tumor cells, and the changes in their polarization were assessed. RESULTS: SKBR3-PR cells showered significantly upregulated NEAT1 and PD-L1 expressions and lowered miR-133b expression as compared with their parental cells. Transfection with si-NEAT1 and miR-133b mimics inhibited viability, promoted apoptosis and enhanced MRP and BCRP expressions in SKBR3-PR cells. NEAT1 knockdown obvious upregulated miR-133b and downregulated PD-L1, MRP and BCRP expressions. The CM from SKBR3-PR cells obviously promoted M2 polarization of THP-1 macrophages, which was significantly inhibited by CM from si-NEAT1-transfected cells. Treatment with LDH@si-NEAT1 effectively inhibited migration and invasion, promoted apoptosis, and reduced MRP, BCRP and PD-L1 expressions in the tumor cells. The CM from LDH@si-NEAT1-treated SKBR3-PR cells significantly downregulated Arg-1, CD163, IL-10, and PD-L1 and upregulated miR-133b expression in THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS LDH@si-NEAT1 reduces paclitaxel resistance of breast cancer cells and inhibits TAM polarization by targeting the miR-133b/PD-L1 axis.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Tumor-Associated Macrophages ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Macrophages ; Cell Movement

Eight new diterpenoids, Isodons A-H (1-8), comprising seco-abietane and abietane-type structures, together with 13 known analogues (9-21), were isolated from Isodon lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hara. The compounds (+)-3/(-)-3, (+)-4/(-)-4, and (+)-5/(-)-5 were identified as three enantiomeric pairs. The planar structures and absolute configurations of 1-8 were determined through high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), 1D & 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and X-ray diffraction crystallography. A cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) luciferase reporter assay revealed significant anti-cholestatic activities for compounds 1, (+)-4, 6, 7, 12-14, and 16. Additionally, compound 6 demonstrated anti-cholestatic effects through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-associated signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest potential applications for I. Lophanthoides in pharmaceutical development.
Abietanes/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Animals ; Isodon/chemistry* ; Humans ; Diterpenes/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry*