Objective To investigate the role of poly(rC)-binding protein 1(PCBP1)in cadmium(Cd)-induced ferroptosis in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a(N2A)cells.Methods N2A cells were exposed to a concentration gradient of CdCl?(0,1,2,4 μmol/L)for 72 h.Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining.Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins(GPX4,HMOX1,ACSL4)and PCBP1.Intracellular Fe2? level and lipid peroxidation were detected using FerroOrange and BODIPY581/591 C11 probes,respectively.Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1),a ferroptosis inhibitor,was applied to confirm the critical role of ferroptosis in Cd-induced cytotoxicity.Molecular docking was performed to elucidate the interaction between PCBP1 and ferritin,as well as the binding sites of Cd2?.PCBP1 overexpression plasmid was further constructed for functional validation.Results Cd exposure suppressed cell viability in N2A cells in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01),significantly down-regulated GPX4 expression(P<0.05),up-regulated HMOX1 expression(P<0.01),and induced Fe2? overload and lipid peroxidation(P<0.01).Molecular docking revealed that Cd2? directly bound to the KH2 domain of PCBP1 and then co-localized on the outer surface of ferritin heavy chain.Overexpression of PCBP1 markedly reversed Cd-induced Fe2? accumulation,GPX4 down-regulation,lipid peroxidation,and cell death.Conclusion Cd exposure disrupts PCBP1-mediated iron homeostasis via transcriptional suppression and competitive displacement of metal ions,and then synergistically drives Fe2? overload-triggered ferroptosis cascades,ultimately leading to neurotoxicity.Targeting PCBP1-mediated iron homeostasis can effectively mitigate Cd-induced neurotoxicity,and may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy.

Objective:To summarize the evidence related to the guidance and management of breastfeeding in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and other databases and professional websites were searched by computer for evidence on breastfeeding guidance and management for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, including clinical decisions, guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, expert consensus and randomized controlled trials. The search period was from database establishment to April 1, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation, evidence extraction, and integration.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, including 4 clinical decision-making articles, 4 guidelines, 4 evidence summaries, 6 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensus and 4 randomized controlled trials. A total of 21 best pieces of evidence were summarized from six aspects of support and education, knowledge and skills, safety issues, feeding issues, dietary care, and blood glucose monitoring.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence on breastfeeding guidance and management for pregnant women with gestational diabetes and suggests that the medical staff should apply the proof according to the clinical situation and the patient's wish.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effect of hyaluronate acid (HA) injection through the subpatellar route for treatment of chondromalacia patellae (CP). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with the diagnosis of CP were enrolled in this prospective study, including 38 with early CP (CP group) and 50 with advanced CP (patellofemoral arthritis group) diagnosed based on image presentations. All the patients received intra-articular HA injections through a subpatellar route once a week for 5 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome measures included WOMAC index scores and Lequesne scores before and at 4, 12, 26 and 52 weeks after the injections. The secondary outcome measures included the 30-m walking time and stair ascending and descending time (one floor) before and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after the injections. RESULTS: In both groups the patients showed significantly decreased WOMAC scores and Lequesne scores at 4, 12, 26 and 52 weeks after HA injections as compared with the baseline scores (all < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the two groups in WOMAC scores and Lequesne scores at 4 or 12 weeks after the injections (both >0.05). The WOMAC scores and Lequesne scores at 26 and 52 weeks after the injections were significantly higher in patellofemoral arthritis group than in CP group (both < 0.05). In both groups, the 30-m walking time and the stair ascending and descending time decreased significantly at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after HA injections (all < 0.05) without significant differences between the two groups (all >0.05). CONCLUSIONS HA injection through the subpatellar route is effective for treatment of CP. HA injection produces better long-term efficacy for treatment of early CP than for advanced CP where patellofemoral arthritis occurs.
Chondromalacia Patellae ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Pain Measurement ; Prospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To elucidate whether and how injection site diversity influences on the sodium hyaluronate (HA) distribution on cartilage surface of the knee joint.Methods From September 2014 to December 2014, 32 human cadaveric knees were sorted from small to large based on femoral condyle width (FCW) and divided into group Ⅰ (n=16, odd number, the patella medial approach) and group Ⅱ (n=16, even number, injected through the medial joint line approach).Knees of both groups were interfused with a 5％ (mg: ml) methylene blue tracer.Each specimen was then simulated a 5°-45° alternating walking for 2 h in the Electro Force platform.Afterwards, all the knee cavities were cut open to examine the range of HA distribution.Based on the eight-zoning classification law for the knee cartilage surface, the coverage area of HA in each zone was scored and the characteristics of HA distribution was depicted, as well as HA zonal distribution diversity between groups were statistically analyzed.Results HA of both patella medial and medial joint line subgroups showed analogical distribution in all zones except the lateral tibial plateau at the time of FCW ≤ 7.0 cm.However, HA coverage through the patella medial approach showed significantly higher distribution scores in the patella zone and the femoral trochlear zone, but significant lower distribution scores in the antero-lateral/postero-lateral femoral condyle, the medial posterior femoral condyle zone and the lateral tibial plateau zone compared with medial joint line approach at the time of FCW ＞ 7.0 cm.Conclusion When delivered through different injection approaches, HA showed analogical distribution characteristics in most zones of the knee cavity in population with a small bodily shape (FCW ≤ 7.0cm), but significant diverse distribution characteristics in population with a big bodily shape (FCW ＞7.0 cm).When FCW ＞ 7.0cm, HA injected through the medial-patellar approach tended to be distributed mainly over the patella-femoral articulation and the anterior knee cavity, while HA injected through the joint line approach tended to be distributed mainly over the tibio-femoral articulation and the posterior knee cavity.