Objective To investigate the levels of gross α and gross β activities in different water types within a 40-kilometer radius around the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant prior to its operation. Methods In 2018, drinking water samples were collected from the area surrounding the nuclear power plant during both the wet and dry seasons, including source water, treated water, tap water, and well water. The gross α and gross β activity concentrations were measured using a low-background α/β counter, followed by statistical analysis. Results A total of 80 water samples from different sources around the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant were collected. The average gross α and gross β activity concentrations during the wet season were (0.110 ± 0.036) Bq/L and (0.643 ± 0.028) Bq/L, respectively, while those during the dry season were (0.124 ± 0.032) Bq/L and (0.624 ± 0.026) Bq/L, respectively. There were no significant differences in the gross α and gross β activity concentrations between the wet and dry seasons for the overall sample set (P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the gross α and gross β activity concentrations between the wet and dry seasons for source water and well water (Z_wet = −2.005, −2.123; Z_dry = −1.943, −3.090; P < 0.05). Conclusion The radioactivity levels in different water types within various ranges around the Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant before its operation were determined. The measured activity concentrations were at the same level as those from previous investigations in other regions of Fujian Province.

Objective:To explore interspinous fusion capacity after interspinous distraction fusion (ISDF) device implantation, a preliminary biomechanical analysis and histological evaluation were performed.Methods:The experimental animals were procured from the Science and Research Laboratory Animal Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. The animals were 8-9 weeks old and with an average weight of 25 kg. 15 mini-pigs were randomly divided into three groups, the sham operation group, the decompression group and the ISDF fixed decompression group, 5 animals per group. The sham operation group was treated with simple incision and exposed lamina suture. The decompression group received unilateral decompression and the ISDF fixed decompression group experienced unilateral hemilaminectomy decompression and ISDF fixation. The graft-bed site was filled with purified bone graft material without any autograft bone. After 6 months feeding, all experimental animals were sacrificed and the corresponding lumbar vertebrae was obtained. The samples were fixed on the spinal test system and the range of motion of flexion-extension, lateral bending and rotation were tested through a multiaxial robotic system. The ISDF device samples were embedded for hard tissue sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue to assess new bone formation. Normally distributed measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation( ± s), and independent samples t-test were used for comparisons between groups. Results:In comparison to the sham operation group, the decompression group exhibited a statistically significant increase in intervertebral mobility, with an average of 61.6% in anterior flexion, 44.7% in posterior extension, 65.0% in left lateral flexion, 49.6% in right lateral flexion, 83.8% in left rotation, and 64.2% in right rotation ( P<0.05). In comparison to the decompression group, the ISDF fixed decompression group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in intervertebral mobility, with an average of 40.0% in anterior flexion, 21.3% in posterior extension, 31.7% in left lateral flexion, 22.3% in right lateral flexion, 28.7% in left rotation, and 35.3% in right rotation ( P<0.05). Well-defined bone tissue can be observed in the histological images of ISDF fixed decompression group samples after 6 months. In the histological part, toluidine blue staining showed extensive new bone formation. The hyperchromatic osteoblasts cells and density bone tissue can be observed in hematoxylin-eosin staining slides. Conclusions:The implantation of ISDF provide the necessary stabilization for promoting fusion. The osteogenesis that occurs within graft-bed site of the ISDF device offers the possibility of interspinous fusion.

ObjectiveThe differential expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） between the active stage and the remission stage of ulcerative colitis （UC） was analyzed by bioinformatics method， and the regulatory relationship was constructed by screening the differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. The mechanism of Xizhuo Jiedu recipe in the treatment of UC was speculated and verified by animal experiments. MethodThe miRNAs data set of colonic mucosa tissue of UC patients was obtained from the gene expression database （GEO）， and the most differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by GEO2R， Excel， and other tools as research objects. TargetScan， miRTarbase， miRDB， STRING， TRRUST， and Matescape databases were used to screen key DEGs， predict downstream transcription factors （TFs）， gene ontology （GO）， and conduct Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis. The key signaling pathways were selected for animal experiments. In animal experiments， the UC mouse model was prepared by making the mouse freely drink 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS）. Xiezhu Jiedu recipe and mesalazine were given by gavage for seven days， and the inflammatory infiltration of colonic mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-155-5p in colon tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of cytokine signal transduction inhibitor （SOCS1）， phosphorylated transcriptional signal transductor and activator 3 （p-STAT3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 （p-JAK2）， and retinoic acid-associated orphan receptor-γt （ROR-γt）. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultThe GSE48957 dataset was screened from the GEO database， and miR-155-5p was selected as the research object from the samples in the active and remission stages. 131 DEGs were screened. The GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was closely related to biological processes such as positive regulation of miRNA transcription and protein phosphorylation， as well as signaling pathways such as stem cell signaling pathway， IL-17 signaling pathway， and helper T cell 17 （Th17） cell differentiation. The Matescape database was used to screen out 10 key DEGs， among which SOCS1 was one of the key DEGs of miR-155-5p. Further screening of the TFS of key DEGs revealed that STAT3 was one of the main TFs of SOCS1. The results of animal experiments showed that Xiezhu Jiedu Recipe could effectively down-regulate the mRNA expression of miR-155-5p and protein expression of p-STAT3， p-JAK2， and ROR-γt in colon tissue of UC mice and the expression of IL-17 and IL-6 in serum of UC mice， up-regulate the protein expression of SOCS1 and the expression of TGF-β and IL-10， increase the level of anti-inflammatory factors， and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration. ConclusionIt is speculated that Xizhuo Jiedu recipe may interfere with SOCS1 by regulating the expression of miR-155-5p in UC mice， inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3， inhibit the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into Th17 cells， reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors （IL-17 and IL-6）， and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factors （TGF-β and IL-10）. As a result， the inflammation of colon mucosa in UC mice was alleviated.

Objective To investigate the radioactivity levels of gross α and gross β in foods around Zhangzhou nuclear power plant, China before operation. Methods Forty-nine samples from 33 kinds of foods in 5 categories of daily food around Zhangzhou nuclear power plant were collected, pretreated, dried, and ashed. The radioactivity levels of gross α and gross β were measured by the low-background α and β measuring instrument. The atomic absorption technique was employed to measure the level of potassium (K), and the radioactivity level of gross β (subtracting ⁴⁰K) was calculated with K concentrations in different foods consulted from the nutritional dietary system. Results The radioactivity levels of gross α in vegetables and fruits, grain, poultry and livestock, aquatic products, and tea around Zhangzhou nuclear power plant were < minimum detectable level (MDL)-7.97, < MDL-6.82, < MDL, < MDL-20.76, and 11.90-23.08 Bq/kg, respectively; the radioactivity levels of gross β were 34.56-122.81, 13.05-188.96, 56.00-108.34, 17.86-169.01, and 123.74-171.63 Bq/kg, respectively; the radioactivity levels of gross β (subtracting ⁴⁰K) were not detected (ND)-14.27, ND-27.86, ND-48.72, ND-45.85, and 6.69-13.79 Bq/kg, respectively. Conclusion The radioactivity of gross α and gross β in foods around Zhangzhou nuclear power plant before operation is basically at the same level as that in other areas of China.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of two different minimally invasive approaches to implant pedicle screw for the treatment of single-segment thoracolumbar spine fractures without nerve injury.Methods:This was a retrospective study. Eighty patients with mono-segmental thoracolumbar fractures treated with minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to June 2022 were included. There were 46 males and 36 females, the age was (45.93±7.91) years old, and ranged from 27 to 60 years old. They were divided into two groups according to different surgical techniques: percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group ( n=44) and Wiltse approach group ( n=36). The operative time, operative visible blood loss, hidden blood loss, total blood loss, fluoroscopy times, incision length, hospital time after surgery and ambulation time were compared. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), ratio of the vertebral anterior height, angle of injured vertebral endplate were recorded and compared between two groups before surgery and at 3 days, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The accuracy of pedicle screw position and the facet joint violation rate were evaluated by using the postoperative CT scan. Perioperative related complications were investigated. Normally distributed numerical data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and differences between the groups were compared using t-test. The counting data were expressed as percentages or rates and compared using χ2 test. Results:All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months. There is no significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative visible blood loss, hospital time after surgery, ambulation time, postoperative VAS and ODI, ratio of vertebral anterior height and angle of injured vertebral endplate at 3 days after surgery, pedicle screw position accuracy and perioperative complications ( P>0.05). The operative time, hidden blood loss, total blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, facet joint violation rate in the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group were remarkably higher than in the Wiltse approach group ( P<0.05). The ratio of vertebral anterior height in the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group was dramatically lower than in the Wiltse approach group at 6 months and 1 year after surgery ( P<0.05). The postoperative injured vertebral endplate angle was higher in the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group than that in the Wiltse approach group at 6 months and 1 year ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Both percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and Wiltse approach were safe and effective minimally invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures without neurological injury. The Wiltse approach can reduce fluoroscopy times and perioperative hidden blood loss, reduce the risk of facet joint violation, and maintain a better reduction than percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

BACKGROUND:Interspinous distraction fusion device BacFuse was used for the management of lumbar degenerative disease and obtained good clinical efficacy in recent years.However,the related biomechanical study was lacking. OBJECTIVE:To explore the related biomechanical characteristics of BacFuse,a novel interspinous distraction fusion device,which was used in lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS:After constructing the goat spinal models(L1-L6),they were grouped into four groups based on different simulated surgeries:the control group,the BacFuse group(L3/4),the screw-rod fixation group(L3/4)and the Topping-off group(L3/4 screw-rod fixation + L2/3 BacFuse fixation).The goat lumbar spine surgical model was assembled into a biomechanical testing system.A biomechanical machine was used for mechanical loading,simulating lumbar spine movement of flexion,extension,lateral flexion and rotation with a 4 Nm moment.A visual tracking system was used for positioning and capturing.Finally,mechanical and optical calibration was completed to calculate the range of motion of the L2/3,L3/4 and L4/5 segments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the range of motion of the L3/4 segment in the BacFuse group decreased 27.27%,70%,38.1%and 23.08%in the flexion,extension,lateral bending and rotation directions,respectively(P<0.05).The range of motion of L3/4 segment in the screw-rod fixation group decreased 72.73%,80%,71.43%and 73.08%in the flexion,extension,lateral bending and rotation directions,respectively(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the range of motion of the adjacent segment L2/3 increased by 33.33%,25%and 23.81%in the extension,lateral bending and rotation directions,respectively in the BacFuse group(P<0.05),with no significant change in flexion.In the screw-rod fixation group,there was a 50%,44.44%,50%and 58.96%increase in the adjacent segment L2/3 in the flexion,extension,lateral calibration and rotation directions,respectively(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,the BacFuse group showed an increase in range of motion in proximal segment L4/5 in the extension and rotation directions by 27.3%and 17.39%(P<0.05)respectively,with no significant change in flexion or lateral bending.In the screw-rob fixation group,the proximal segment L4/5 demonstrated 38.89%,22.73%and 26.09%(P<0.05)increases in range of motion in the flexion,extension and rotation directions,respectively,with no significant change in lateral bending.(4)In the Topping-off group,the range of motion of L2/3 was reduced by 37.04%,73.08%,56.67%and 38.46%in flexion,extension,lateral flexion and rotation,respectively,compared to the screw-rob fixation group(P<0.05).Compared with the screw-rob fixation group,the Topping-off group showed a 20%reduction in the range of motion of the L4/5 in the flexion direction(P<0.05),with no significant differences seen in extension,lateral bending and rotation.(5)It is concluded that the interspinous distraction fusion device BacFuse significantly reduces the range of motion of the implanted segment and provides some stability.It still retains more mobility and reduces the impact on the adjacent segment compared to screw-rob fixation,while the Topping-off tip,which can be used for intervertebral fusion fixation,significantly reduces the range of motion of the adjacent segment and reduces the risk of adjacent segment degeneration.

Objective To construct logistic regression,random forest and SVM models to predict the influencing factors of overweight and obesity in medical students,and the prediction performance of the three models was compared,so as to obtain the optimal model for the risk assessment of overweight and obesity.Methods Participants included 1 866 medical students from a city in Hebei Province from May to December 2020.The relevant data of overweight and obesity screening were collected through self-test questionnaire;three models of logistic regression,random forest and SVM are constructed by python.Results The test set showed that the accuracy of logistic regression,random forest and SVM models were 96.26%,98.66%and 98.13%respectively;the specificity were 99.77%,100%and 99.00%,respectively;and the AUC were 0.88,0.99 and 0.88 respectively.Random forest is the optimal prediction model;according to the random forest model results,subjective well-being,negative events and students'economic status are more than 10%of weight in the model.Conclusion Subjective well-being,negative events and students'economic status are the main factors affecting the incidence of overweight and obesity in medical students;the prediction performance of random forest model was better than logistic regression model and SVM model.

Abstract Tobacco use is not only harmful to adolescents physical and mental health, but is also closely related to future adults smoking prevalence, and interventions can delay the age at which adolescents take their first puff as much as possible. The article summarizes and analyzes the effectiveness of tobacco control interventions based on schools, communities or families, and a combination of multiple venues. It compares the characteristics of offline, online, and a combination of offline and online tobacco control interventions for adolescents,so as to provide references for the design and implementation of adolescent tobacco control interventions, and the effective, sustainable, and replicable adolescent tobacco control intervention models.

The innovation of integrating medical treatment and prevention mechanisms is a key task deployed by the government, aiming to promote the construction of a Healthy China and address the prevalent "treatment over prevention" mindset in healthcare services and society. Vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing and controlling infectious diseases; however, adult vaccination rates in China remain low due to insufficient awareness and enthusiasm among the public and healthcare professionals. In recent years, various regions have begun to explore the model of physicians in medical institutions prescribing vaccines to improve vaccination rates. This article analyzes the positioning, current implementation status, and challenges of vaccine prescriptions, and proposes recommendations advocating policy formulation, improving service models and supporting measures, improving funding mechanisms, and strengthening publicity and education to promote the widespread implementation and effectiveness of vaccine prescriptions.

Vaccination is an effective public health measure to prevent and control vaccine-preventable diseases for individual and society. However, China currently confronts significant challenges, including a dearth of skilled professionals in the field of vaccination and disparities in the capacity for immunization services. This review introduced the experiences of four prime international vaccinology education models, including London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Leading International Vaccinology Education, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, in the aspect of personnel development, academic research and communication platforms establishment. It is supposed to give some insights and feasible suggestions on the establishment and advancement of vaccinology as a sub-discipline within high-level public health school in China, with the aim of development of a robust vaccinology education framework in China, which is essential for nurturing the next generation of public health leaders and practitioners for our country.