BACKGROUND:The sports medicine community has widely called for the use of machine learning technology to efficiently process the huge and complicated sports data resources,and construct intelligent sports injury prediction models,enabling accurate early warning of sports injuries.It is of great significance to comprehensively summarize and review such research results so as to grasp the direction of early warning model improvement and to guide the construction of sports injury prediction models in China. OBJECTIVE:To systematically review and analyze relevant research on sports injury prediction models based on machine learning technology,thereby providing references for the development of sports injury prediction models in China. METHODS:Literature search was conducted on CNKI,Web of Science and EBSCO databases,which mainly searched for literature related to machine learning techniques and sports injuries.Finally,61 articles related to sports injury prediction models were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In terms of external risk feature indicators,there is a lack of competition scenario indicators,and the inclusion of related feature indicators needs to be further improved to further enrich the dimensions of the dataset for model training.In addition,the inclusion feature weighting methods of the sports injury prediction model are mainly based on filtering methods and the use of embedding and wrapping weighting methods needs to be strengthened in order to enhance the analysis of the interaction effects of multiple risk factors.(2)In terms of model body training,supervised learning algorithms become the mainstream choice.Such algorithms have higher requirements for the completeness of sample labeling information,and the application scenarios are easily limited.Therefore,the application of unsupervised and semi-supervised algorithms can be increased in the later stage.(3)In terms of model performance evaluation and optimization,the current studies mainly adopt two verification methods:HoldOut crossover and k-crossover.The range of AUC values is(0.76±0.12),the range of sensitivity is(75.92±11.03)%,the range of specificity is(0.03±4.54)%,the range of F1 score is(80.60±10.63)%,the range of accuracy is(69.96±13.10)%,and the range of precision is(70±14.71)%.Data augmentation and feature optimization are the most common model optimization operations.The accuracy and precision of the current sports injury prediction model are about 70%,and the early warning effect is good.However,the model optimization operation is relatively single,and data augmentation methods are often used to improve model performance.Further adjustments to the model algorithm and hyperparameters are needed to further improve model performance.(4)In terms of model feature extraction,most of the internal risk profile indicators included are mainly based on anthropometrics,training load,years of training,and injury history,but there is a lack of sports recovery and physical function indicators.

BACKGROUND:Existing studies have preliminarily summarized the potential association between muscle activity of the affected lower limb and gait stability during walking in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.However,there are some issues such as incomplete observation of muscle categories,incomplete observation of walking action phases,and failure to consider synergistic effects among multiple muscle groups,which urgently require further improvement in this study.OBJECTIVE:To monitor muscle synergy information of the affected leg during walking in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and to analyze the association between muscle synergy information and gait stability.METHODS:Twenty-four male patients aged(21.66±4.09)years undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,were recruited.Electromyographic and center of pressure data were collected from the affected lower limb during walking.A non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm was used to extract the number of muscle synergic elements from the affected leg,the time spent in peak activation of each muscle synergic element,and the muscle relative weight indexes.Correlation analysis was then performed with the center of pressure indexes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six types of muscle synergies were identified in the affected leg.The number of muscle synergic elements showed no significant correlation with the distance and speed of lateral displacement of the center of pressure.Regarding the peak activation time of muscle synergic elements,synergic element 3 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure(r=-0.413,P=0.045)and a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement velocity of the center of pressure(r=-0.470,P=0.020).The activation time of the remaining types of muscle synergic elements was not significantly related with patient's gait stability indices.In terms of muscle relative weights,the rectus femoris muscle of synergistic element 1 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure(r=-0.592,P=0.005)and a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement speed of the center of pressure(r=-0.529,P=0.014).Additionally,the relative weight of the biceps femoris muscle of synergistic element 3 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure(r=-0.428,P=0.037).To conclude,the central system in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction regulates the synergistic muscle activity of the affected leg during walking to enhance gait stability in two primary ways:by prolonging the activation time of the muscle synergists during the dominant loading response period and enhancing the activation of the quadriceps muscle,in order to enhance the control of eccentric contractions of the knee joint during the landing of the affected leg and improve the stability of the knee joint;and by increasing the activation of the biceps femoris muscle during the loading response period,which increases the degree of knee flexion and enhances the lower limb's cushioning function during the landing of the affected leg.

The development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)medical alliances plays a pivotal role in enhancing grassroots TCM service capabilities and meeting public demand for TCM healthcare.However,challenges persist in establishing these alliances,including insufficient Party leadership at primary TCM institutions and deficiencies in clinical services,talent de-velopment,and emergency care capacity.This study examines innovative Party building approaches in public hospitals within the new era context,analyzing practical cases of alliance development.Our findings demonstrate that integrating Party building into the governance structure of medical alliances not only strengthens Party leadership at primary TCM institutions but also significant-ly promotes TCM service development.Systematic analysis of case hospital practices reveals several key insights.Firstly,strengthening top-level design through Party committee leadership is crucial.Secondly,addressing the most pressing public healthcare concerns with genuine commitment forms the foundation.Thirdly,deep integration of Party building with core medical services represents the essential approach.Lastly,policy-responsive innovation based on consolidated achievements serves as the key driver.

The development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)medical alliances plays a pivotal role in enhancing grassroots TCM service capabilities and meeting public demand for TCM healthcare.However,challenges persist in establishing these alliances,including insufficient Party leadership at primary TCM institutions and deficiencies in clinical services,talent de-velopment,and emergency care capacity.This study examines innovative Party building approaches in public hospitals within the new era context,analyzing practical cases of alliance development.Our findings demonstrate that integrating Party building into the governance structure of medical alliances not only strengthens Party leadership at primary TCM institutions but also significant-ly promotes TCM service development.Systematic analysis of case hospital practices reveals several key insights.Firstly,strengthening top-level design through Party committee leadership is crucial.Secondly,addressing the most pressing public healthcare concerns with genuine commitment forms the foundation.Thirdly,deep integration of Party building with core medical services represents the essential approach.Lastly,policy-responsive innovation based on consolidated achievements serves as the key driver.

Objective To analyze the technical movement characteristics of female table tennis play-ers with shoulder impingement syndrome when hitting a forehand topspin loop ball,in order to explore the reasons for shoulder impingement syndrome.Methods Thirteen female table tennis athletes with shoulder impingement syndrome were recruited for the shoulder impingement group(age 20.31±2.56 years,height 165.69±4.00 cm,weight 56.62±6.00 kg)and 13 healthy female table tennis athletes(age 21.54±2.78 years,height 165.54±4.45 cm,weight 60.08±8.02 kg)were selected for the healthy group.Kinematic and electromyographic data of the upper limbs were collected during six tri-als of forehand topspin strokes using a three-dimensional motion capture system and a wireless surface electromyographic system.The data were then averaged and compared between the groups.Results The shoulder impingement group had a greater shoulder flexion angular velocity at the end of the forward swing compared to the healthy group(t=-3.689,P=0.001).In addition,the shoulder impingement group showed significantly smaller trunk torsion angular amplitude(t=2.614,P=0.015)and average an-gular velocity of trunk torsion(t=3.958,P=0.001).Furthermore,the peak activation level of the anteri-or serratus muscle was smaller in the shoulder impingement group compared to the healthy group(t=2.363,P=0.027).Finally,the deactivation duration of both the triceps brachii and brachioradialis mus-cles was shorter in the shoulder impingement group compared to the latter(t=3.705,P=0.002;t=3.29,P=0.004).Conclusion Female table tennis players with shoulder impingement syndrome exhibit the fol-lowing characteristics in their forehand topspin:1)insufficient trunk rotation and premature deactiva-tion of the brachioradialis muscle,which lead to excessive loading on the shoulder during flexion;2)inadequate activation of the serratus anterior muscle,resulting in compromised scapular stability;3)premature deactivation of the triceps brachii muscle,which negatively affects the control of eccentric contraction velocity at the shoulder joint.

Objective To analyze the technical movement characteristics of female table tennis play-ers with shoulder impingement syndrome when hitting a forehand topspin loop ball,in order to explore the reasons for shoulder impingement syndrome.Methods Thirteen female table tennis athletes with shoulder impingement syndrome were recruited for the shoulder impingement group(age 20.31±2.56 years,height 165.69±4.00 cm,weight 56.62±6.00 kg)and 13 healthy female table tennis athletes(age 21.54±2.78 years,height 165.54±4.45 cm,weight 60.08±8.02 kg)were selected for the healthy group.Kinematic and electromyographic data of the upper limbs were collected during six tri-als of forehand topspin strokes using a three-dimensional motion capture system and a wireless surface electromyographic system.The data were then averaged and compared between the groups.Results The shoulder impingement group had a greater shoulder flexion angular velocity at the end of the forward swing compared to the healthy group(t=-3.689,P=0.001).In addition,the shoulder impingement group showed significantly smaller trunk torsion angular amplitude(t=2.614,P=0.015)and average an-gular velocity of trunk torsion(t=3.958,P=0.001).Furthermore,the peak activation level of the anteri-or serratus muscle was smaller in the shoulder impingement group compared to the healthy group(t=2.363,P=0.027).Finally,the deactivation duration of both the triceps brachii and brachioradialis mus-cles was shorter in the shoulder impingement group compared to the latter(t=3.705,P=0.002;t=3.29,P=0.004).Conclusion Female table tennis players with shoulder impingement syndrome exhibit the fol-lowing characteristics in their forehand topspin:1)insufficient trunk rotation and premature deactiva-tion of the brachioradialis muscle,which lead to excessive loading on the shoulder during flexion;2)inadequate activation of the serratus anterior muscle,resulting in compromised scapular stability;3)premature deactivation of the triceps brachii muscle,which negatively affects the control of eccentric contraction velocity at the shoulder joint.

BACKGROUND:Existing studies have preliminarily summarized the potential association between muscle activity of the affected lower limb and gait stability during walking in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.However,there are some issues such as incomplete observation of muscle categories,incomplete observation of walking action phases,and failure to consider synergistic effects among multiple muscle groups,which urgently require further improvement in this study.OBJECTIVE:To monitor muscle synergy information of the affected leg during walking in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and to analyze the association between muscle synergy information and gait stability.METHODS:Twenty-four male patients aged(21.66±4.09)years undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,were recruited.Electromyographic and center of pressure data were collected from the affected lower limb during walking.A non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm was used to extract the number of muscle synergic elements from the affected leg,the time spent in peak activation of each muscle synergic element,and the muscle relative weight indexes.Correlation analysis was then performed with the center of pressure indexes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six types of muscle synergies were identified in the affected leg.The number of muscle synergic elements showed no significant correlation with the distance and speed of lateral displacement of the center of pressure.Regarding the peak activation time of muscle synergic elements,synergic element 3 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure(r=-0.413,P=0.045)and a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement velocity of the center of pressure(r=-0.470,P=0.020).The activation time of the remaining types of muscle synergic elements was not significantly related with patient's gait stability indices.In terms of muscle relative weights,the rectus femoris muscle of synergistic element 1 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure(r=-0.592,P=0.005)and a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement speed of the center of pressure(r=-0.529,P=0.014).Additionally,the relative weight of the biceps femoris muscle of synergistic element 3 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure(r=-0.428,P=0.037).To conclude,the central system in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction regulates the synergistic muscle activity of the affected leg during walking to enhance gait stability in two primary ways:by prolonging the activation time of the muscle synergists during the dominant loading response period and enhancing the activation of the quadriceps muscle,in order to enhance the control of eccentric contractions of the knee joint during the landing of the affected leg and improve the stability of the knee joint;and by increasing the activation of the biceps femoris muscle during the loading response period,which increases the degree of knee flexion and enhances the lower limb's cushioning function during the landing of the affected leg.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of cataracts, the surgical coverage, and postoperative visual acuity of adults in Ningxia.Methods:A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling was conducted.Ten survey sites in Ningxia were selected and the population aged 18 years and over was surveyed with questionnaire, height and weight measurements, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography and slit-lamp examinations.Cataract prevalence and its influencing factors were analyzed.Cataract prevalence, surgical coverage and presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgery were investigated in different age groups of the examined population.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No.[2023]-LL-010).Participants signed informed consent prior to the examination.Results:A total of 6 145 people should be examined, and 5 721 people were actually examined, with an examination rate of 93.10%.The study population consisted of 2 558 males, accounting for 44.71%, and 3 163 females, accounting for 55.28%, with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years old and an average age of (64.27±13.48) years.Among them, 1 180 patients diagnosed with cataract, with a cataract prevalence of 20.62%.The prevalence of cataract increased with age and decreased with education level, showing statistically significant differences ( χ2=1 091.32, 581.92; both at P<0.01).The prevalence of cataract was significantly higher among people with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease than those without these diseases ( χ2=274.65, 118.15, 78.05, 182.71; all at P<0.01).Cataract surgery was performed in 245 cases in the cataract patient population, with a surgical coverage rate of 20.76%.Of the 245 cases, 229 cases were implanted with IOLs, with an implantation rate of 93.40%.The social burden rate of cataract blindness was 2.29%, and increased with age.Of the 339 eyes that underwent cataract surgery, 241 had a PVA≥0.3, accounting for 71.09%, and 272 had a BCVA≥0.3, accounting for 80.24%. Conclusions:In Ningxia, cataracts are still the main cause of vision impairment and blindness in the elderly, and the social burden rate of cataract blindness is high.Moreover, the coverage rate of cataract surgery is low, so both the coverage and quality of surgery need improvement.

Objective To study the causes of two Chinese families with Branchio-oto syndrome.Methods The clinical data of two families were collected,and the pathogenic genes and variants of Branchio-oto syndrome were screened and verified by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing.Results Two proband patients were diagnosed with Branchio-oto syndrome.Proband 1 presented with preauricular and anterior cervical fistulas,as well as congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss.On the other hand,proband 2 displayed a preauricular fistula and an anterior cervical cyst.At the age of 5,progressive deterioration of binaural hearing was observed,leadingtothe cur-rent diagnosis of severe mixed deafness.Genetic analysis showed that proband 1 and 2 carried nonsense variants of EYA1 gene:NM_000503.6:c.1408G＞T(p.Glu470Ter),and c.889C＞T(p.Arg297Ter).According to the guide-lines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG),the above variants were rated as patho-genic variants.After reviewing the literature,the c.1408G＞T variant had not been previously reported,and the c.889C＞T is a known variant.Conclusion The variants c.1408G＞T(p.Glu470Ter)and c.889C＞T(p.Arg297Ter)of EYA1 gene are the cause of these two families with Branchio-oto syndrome.The first report of c.1408G＞T broadens the mutational spectrum of EYA1 gene and provids a clinical reference for the diagnosis of Branchio-oto syndrome.

BACKGROUND:Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique,can enhance human muscle strength or improve single-leg landing stability instantly,but no relevant research has demonstrated this yet. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of tDCS on the stability of single-leg landings in human subjects. METHODS:Male undergraduate students from Wuhan Sports University were recruited as study participants.They were divided into two groups,A(n=6)and B(n=5),using a random number table.Group A underwent a sham stimulation session followed by a 3-day washout period,after which they received tDCS.Conversely,Group B received tDCS initially,followed by a 3-day washout period,and subsequently underwent the sham stimulation session.Following the respective stimulation sessions,an immediate single-leg landing test was administered to assess and collect biomechanical parameters.Data resulting from the tDCS intervention were aggregated and analyzed as the experimental group dataset,whereas data stemming from the sham stimulation were consolidated as the control group dataset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Regarding core stability,the tDCS intervention showed a significant interaction with landing height on the maximal trunk flexion angle(P＜0.05).A paired comparison of the data showed a significant decrease in the maximum trunk flexion angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation at a 30-cm landing height.Additionally,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity(P＜0.05).Following true stimulation,there was a significant decrease in the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity compared to sham stimulation.In terms of lower limb joint stability,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum dynamic ankle valgus angle(P＜0.05).This resulted in a significant decrease in the angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.In addition,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the peak muscle activation of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius lateralis(P＜0.05).This showed a significant increase after true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.An interaction between the tDCS intervention and landing height was observed for the peak muscle activation of the tibialis anterior(P＜0.05).Paired comparison analyses revealed a significant increase in muscle activation after true stimulation specifically at a 60-cm landing height.Regarding center of pressure stability,there were no significant interactions or main effects of the tDCS intervention on the mean lateral displacement,mean lateral displacement velocity,mean anterior-posterior displacement,or mean anterior-posterior displacement velocity at the center of pressure(P＞0.05).Furthermore,the tDCS intervention had no significant main effects on any of the center of pressure indicators(P＞0.05).In conclusion,tDCS can immediately improve core stability and lower limb joint stability during single-leg landing,making it an effective warm-up technique for improving single-leg landing stability and reducing the risk of lower limb injuries.