ObjectiveTo evaluate pharmacological effects of Shengmai injection（SMI）on cerebral ischemia and study its neuroprotective mechanism. MethodsMale specific pathogen-free （SPF） Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a model group， a low-dose SMI group（3 mL·kg^-1）， a middle-dose SMI group（6 mL·kg^-1）， a high-dose SMI group（12 mL·kg^-1）， and a Ginaton group（4 mL·kg^-1）according to the random number table method， with 12 rats in each group. The rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion（MCAO/R）was prepared via the suture method. The administration groups were intraperitoneally injected with corresponding concentrations of SMI or Ginaton injection after reperfusion， which was conducted for 3 consecutive days. The sham group and model group were administered the equivalent volume of physiological saline. The pharmacological effects of SMI on brain injury in MCAO/R rats were evaluated by neurological function scores， cerebral infarction area， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Nissl staining， terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） staining， and Western blot. The dominant link and key protein of SMI treating cerebral injury were explored using proteomic analysis. The related mechanisms of SMI were further validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， Western blot， and chloride ion fluorescence probe with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation（OGD/R）-treated PC12 cells and MCAO/R rats. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group showed significantly increased neurological function scores， cerebral infarction area， neuronal apoptosis rate， and expression levels of apoptosis related proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）and significantly decreased density of Nissl bodies and neurons（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the SMI groups exhibited significantly decreased neurological function scores， cerebral infarction area， neuronal apoptosis rate， and expression levels of apoptosis related proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）and significantly increased density of Nissl bodies and neurons （P<0.05）. The proteomic analysis results showed that oxidative stress and inflammatory response were important processes of SMI intervening in MCAO/R injury， and the chloride intracellular channel protein 1 （CLIC1） was one of key proteins in its action network. The levels of representative indicators of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the MCAO/R rats of the SMI groups were significantly reduced， compared with those in the model group（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression levels of CLIC1 and downstream NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） decreased （P<0.01）. In addition， the experimental results based on the OGD/R PC12 cells showed that SMI significantly increased the cell survival rate（P<0.01） and significantly decreased the intracellular chloride ion concentration（P<0.05）. ConclusionSMI has neuroprotective effects. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response are key processes of SMI intervening in MCAO/R injury. The potential mechanism is closely related to the regulation of CLIC1.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the establishment and promotion of a new standardized management model for anti- osteoporosis medication after fragility fracture surgery by resident clinical pharmacists， and provide references for resident pharmacists to carry out clinical pharmaceutical services. METHODS From July 2023 to March 2024，595 post-brittle fracture surgery patients were enrolled. Using the PDCA （plan-do-check-act） cycle，resident clinical pharmacists identified issues and conducted investigations in clinical practice. Through integrating clinical pharmacist intervention services before， during and after treatment， a medication treatment pathway was developed， thereby establishing a standardized management model for anti- osteoporosis treatment following fragility fracture surgery. Leveraging the National Brittle Fracture Big Data Platform （under the National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics and Sports Rehabilitation）， a dedicated data module was constructed， providing big data support to evaluate the efficacy of this pharmaceutical care model. RESULTS Continuous PDCA cycle driven improvements significantly increased the proportion of osteoporosis diagnosis （from 9% before intervention to 81%） and proportion of drug treatment （from 4% to 75%）.The proportions of bone density and bone metabolism testing also rose markedly，positively impacting long-term patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of a standardized management model for anti- osteoporosis treatment following fragility fracture surgery by resident clinical pharmacists has enhanced clinicians’ diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for osteoporosis， ensures rational medication use in osteoporosis patients， and demonstrates significant potential for widespread adoption and application.

Objective To compare the effects of the left and right stellate ganglion resection on myocardial injury in rats with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods According to the random number table method,30 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the AMI group,left stellate ganglionectomy group,and right stellate ganglionectomy group,with 10 rats in each group.AMI models were prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery in all the three groups.In the AMI group,the stellate ganglion was isolated(randomly left or right)without excision.The rats in the left and right stellate ganglionectomy groups underwent the left and right stellate ganglionectomy,respectively.At 24 hours after modeling,2 mL of subclavian venous blood was extracted from the three groups of rats.The serum levels of cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ),noradrenaline(NE),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and cardiac output(CO)of rats in the three groups were measured by echocardiography one week after modeling.Results The serum levels of NE,cTnⅠ and MDA in the left and right stellate ganglionectomy groups were significantly lower than those in the AMI group,and SOD level was significantly higher than that in the AMI group(P＜0.05);the serum levels of NE,cTnⅠ and MDA in the right stellate ganglionectomy group were significantly lower than those in the left stellate ganglionectomy group,and SOD level was significantly higher than that in the left stellate ganglionectomy group(P＜0.05).The levels of serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the left and right stellate ganglionectomy groups were significantly lower than those in the AMI group(P＜0.05);the levels of serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αin the right stellate ganglionectomy group were significantly lower than those in the left stellate ganglionectomy group(P＜0.05).LVEF,LVFS and CO in the left and right stellate ganglionectomy groups were significantly higher than those in the AMI group,and LVEF and LVFS in the right stellate ganglionectomy group were significantly higher than those in the left stellate ganglionectomy group(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in CO between the left and right stellate ganglionectomy groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Stellate ganglionectomy has a protective effect on AMI induced by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery,which may be related to reducing inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress damage.The right stellate ganglion resection has more protective effects on cardiac function than the left stellate ganglion resection.

Objective To investigate the effects of lumbar epidural block of renal sympathetic nerve on cardiac function and serum inflammatory factors in rats with myocardial infarction.Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into asham operation group,myocardial infarction group and sympathetic nerve block group according to the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.Lumbar epidural catheterization was applied in all rats in the 3 groups.After catheter insertion,myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery of rats in the myocardial infarction group and the sympathetic nerve block group,while the left anterior descending branch of rats in the sham operation group was not ligated.After myocardial infarction,the rats in the sympathetic nerve block group were injected with 50 μL of ropivacaine(volume fraction:0.2％)via a lumbar epidural catheteronce every 24 hours,and the injection lasted until 14 days after surgery.In the myocardial infarction group,50 μL of 9 g·L-1sodium chloride was injected into the rats through a lumbar epidural catheteronce every 24 hours,and the injection lasted until 14 days after surgery.Rats in the sham group did not receive the injection of any drugs.At 14 days after operation,echocardiography was performed on rats in the 3 groups to measure ejection fraction(EF),left ventricular short-axis shortening rate(FS)and cardiac output(CO).A total of 1 mL of cervical venous blood was extracted from each rat in the 3 groups at 24 h after surgery,and 5 mL of abdominal aortic blood was extracted from rats in the 3 groups at 14 days after surgery.Serum levels of norepinephrine(NE),cardiac troponin I(cTnl),interleukin-18(IL-18),interleukin-1β(IL-1 β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.At 14 days after surgery,the rats in the 3 groups were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 100 g·L-1 chloral hydrate(300 mg·kg-1),and the thoracic cavity of the rats was opened to remove the heart.The myocardial infarction area of the rats was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining,and the proportion of the myocardial infarction area was calculated.Results On the 14th day after surgery,EF,FS and CO of rats in the myocardial infarction group and sympathetic nerve block group were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group,while EF,FS and CO of rats in the sympathetic nerve block group were significantly higher than those in the myocardial infarction group(P＜0.05).The serum cTnI level of rats in the myocardial infarction group and sympathetic nerve block group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group(t=68.260,15.110;P＜0.05),and the serum cTnI level of rats in the myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than that in the sympathetic nerve block group(t=27.920,P＜0.05).The proportion of the myocardial infarction area of rats in the sympathetic nerve block group was significantly lower than that in the myocardial infarction group(t=14.182,P＜0.001).There was no significant difference in the serum NE,IL-18,IL-1 β and TNF-α levels of rats between 24 hours and 14 days after surgery in the sham operation group(P＞0.05).The serum NE,IL-1 β and TNF-αlevels of rats at 14 days after surgery were significantly higher than those at 24 hours after surgery,and the IL-18 level of rats was significantly lower than that at 24 hours after surgery in the myocardial infarction group(P＜0.05).The serum NE,IL-18 and TNF-α levels of rats at 14 days after surgery were significantly lower than those at 24 hours after surgery,and the IL-1 βlevel of rats was significantly higher than that at 24 hours after surgery in the sympathetic nerve block group(P＜0.05).At 24 hours and 14 days after surgery,the serum NE,IL-18,1L-1 β and TNF-α levels of rats in the myocardial infarction group and sympathetic nerve block group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group,while the serum NE,IL-18,IL-1 β and TNF-α levels of rats in the sympathetic nerve block group were significantly lower than those in the myocardial infarction group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Lumbar epidural block of renal sympathetic nerve in rats can significantly reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors and NE,and improve cardiac function.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of Rho-related GTP-binding protein F(RhoF)-mediated Th17 polarization in the development of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods RhoF transgenic mice were randomly divided into control group(n = 10),SAP group(n = 10)and SAP+Y-27632 group(n = 10),and WT mice were randomly divided into control group(n = 10),SAP group(n = 10)and SAP+Y-27632 group(n = 10).SAP models were established in all groups except the control group.The SAP+Y-27632 group was infused with Y-27632 via tail vein after model establishment.T cells in mouse blood samples were isolated for RhoF,p-MYPT1 protein detection and ROCK activity determination,and the percentage of lymphoid CD4+T cells producing IL-17 was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results The expression of RhoF and p-MYPT1 was increased in T cells in the SAP group compared with that in the control group(P<0.01),and the level of RhoF was closely correlated with that of p-MYPT1(P = 0.018).The expression of RhoF protein level in T cells of mice in the RhoF group increased by approximately 30%compared to that in the WT group,and the level of spontaneous IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells was significantly increased(P = 0.003).Compared with WT mice,the histological score of pancreatic injury,the expression of RhoF and p-MYPT1 in T cells,the number of IL-17+ T cells and serum IL-17 level in RhoF transgenic mice were significantly increased(P<0.05).The histological score,RhoF and p-MYPT1 expression of T cells,IL-17+ T cell numbers and serum IL-17 level were significantly lower in the SAP+Y-27632 group than those in the SAP group(P<0.05).Conclusion RhoF/ROCK signaling pathway-mediated polarization of Th17 cells is involved in the pathogenesis of SAP.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of microglia polarization mediated by Raf kinase inhibitor protein(RKIP)intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)model.Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into three groups:the Sham+Vector group,the ICH+Vector group,and the ICH+RKIP group,with 16 rats in each group.The collagenase ICH model was established in ICH+Vector group and ICH+RKIP group.Before operation and 1,3,5,and 7 days after operation,8 animals in each group were tested for behavior.Apoptosis of neurons was detected by flow cytometry.Seven days after ICH,the expressions of RKIP,p-p65,and TRAF6 around hematoma were analyzed by protein blot.Results Compared with ICH+Vector group,rats in ICH+RKIP group need less time to find the platform,spend longer time in the target quadrant,and significantly reduce the times of crossing the platform(P<0.05).The number of Nissl corpuscles in ICH+RKIP group was significantly higher than that in ICH+Vector group(P<0.05).In addition,the number of neuronal apoptosis in ICH+RKIP group was significantly lower than that in ICH+Vector group(P<0.05).Compared with Sham group,rats receiving ICH showed a gradual decrease in RKIP expression,and reached the lowest value on the 7th day(P<0.05).Seven days after ICH,the expression of RKIP protein in hematoma of rats in ICH+RKIP group was significantly higher than that in ICH+Vector group(P<0.05),and the expression of p-p65 and TRAF6 protein was significantly lower than that in ICH+Vector group(P<0.05).Compared with ICH+Vector group,the number of iNOS+Ibal1+cells in ICH+RKIP group decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the number of Arg-1+Ibal1+cells increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Up-regulation of RKIP promotes functional recovery after ICH,and its mechanism involves inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To study the causes of two Chinese families with Branchio-oto syndrome.Methods The clinical data of two families were collected,and the pathogenic genes and variants of Branchio-oto syndrome were screened and verified by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing.Results Two proband patients were diagnosed with Branchio-oto syndrome.Proband 1 presented with preauricular and anterior cervical fistulas,as well as congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss.On the other hand,proband 2 displayed a preauricular fistula and an anterior cervical cyst.At the age of 5,progressive deterioration of binaural hearing was observed,leadingtothe cur-rent diagnosis of severe mixed deafness.Genetic analysis showed that proband 1 and 2 carried nonsense variants of EYA1 gene:NM_000503.6:c.1408G＞T(p.Glu470Ter),and c.889C＞T(p.Arg297Ter).According to the guide-lines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG),the above variants were rated as patho-genic variants.After reviewing the literature,the c.1408G＞T variant had not been previously reported,and the c.889C＞T is a known variant.Conclusion The variants c.1408G＞T(p.Glu470Ter)and c.889C＞T(p.Arg297Ter)of EYA1 gene are the cause of these two families with Branchio-oto syndrome.The first report of c.1408G＞T broadens the mutational spectrum of EYA1 gene and provids a clinical reference for the diagnosis of Branchio-oto syndrome.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of cataracts, the surgical coverage, and postoperative visual acuity of adults in Ningxia.Methods:A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling was conducted.Ten survey sites in Ningxia were selected and the population aged 18 years and over was surveyed with questionnaire, height and weight measurements, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography and slit-lamp examinations.Cataract prevalence and its influencing factors were analyzed.Cataract prevalence, surgical coverage and presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgery were investigated in different age groups of the examined population.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No.[2023]-LL-010).Participants signed informed consent prior to the examination.Results:A total of 6 145 people should be examined, and 5 721 people were actually examined, with an examination rate of 93.10%.The study population consisted of 2 558 males, accounting for 44.71%, and 3 163 females, accounting for 55.28%, with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years old and an average age of (64.27±13.48) years.Among them, 1 180 patients diagnosed with cataract, with a cataract prevalence of 20.62%.The prevalence of cataract increased with age and decreased with education level, showing statistically significant differences ( χ2=1 091.32, 581.92; both at P<0.01).The prevalence of cataract was significantly higher among people with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease than those without these diseases ( χ2=274.65, 118.15, 78.05, 182.71; all at P<0.01).Cataract surgery was performed in 245 cases in the cataract patient population, with a surgical coverage rate of 20.76%.Of the 245 cases, 229 cases were implanted with IOLs, with an implantation rate of 93.40%.The social burden rate of cataract blindness was 2.29%, and increased with age.Of the 339 eyes that underwent cataract surgery, 241 had a PVA≥0.3, accounting for 71.09%, and 272 had a BCVA≥0.3, accounting for 80.24%. Conclusions:In Ningxia, cataracts are still the main cause of vision impairment and blindness in the elderly, and the social burden rate of cataract blindness is high.Moreover, the coverage rate of cataract surgery is low, so both the coverage and quality of surgery need improvement.

Tracheostomy is a very common airway procedure in the treatment of critically ill neurological patients. At present, the traditional tracheal cannula fixation belt is easy to be contaminated, difficult to disinfect, and needs to be replaced regularly. It is prone to infection, skin injury, unplanned extubation and other adverse events, which cannot meet the clinical treatment effect and patient safety management. In order to overcome the above problems, the medical staff of the neurology intensive care unit of Henan Provincial People's Hospital designed a new type of tracheal cannula fixation belt to increase patient comfort and reduce complications, and obtained a National Utility Model Patent of China (ZL 2022 2 0855188.8). The main structure of the device includes a following shaped bending plate, a fastening belt, a locking pin, and a distance adjustment hole. The left and right sides of the shaped bending plate are equipped with fastening belts with breathable and anti-wear pads. The inner side of the left fastening belt is equipped with two sets of locking pins, and the outer surface of the right fastening belt and breathable and anti-wear pad is equipped with multiple sets of distance adjustment holes. Additionally, the back of the shaped bending plate is equipped with breathable buffer pads. The fastening belt can drive the following bending plate to stick tightly to the patient's neck. The operator installs the locking pin card into the distance adjustment hole according to the "one back" principle, and the fastening belts on both sides fix the device with the cooperation of the locking pin, greatly reducing the probability of excessive displacement of the tracheal tube during use, effectively improving the fixation effect of the device, strengthening the adaptability of the device to different personnel, and thus enhancing the practicality of the device. The new type of tracheal cannula fixation band is convenient, safe and efficient, which can increase patient comfort, reduce complications. It has certain clinical value and is suitable for clinical promotion.

Abstract Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.