Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal association between biological rhythm trajectories and the risk of anxiety, depression, and comorbid symptoms among college students, so as to provide a cumulative empirical basis for early psychiatric tracking and mental health warning systems. Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, a baseline survey was conducted from April to May 2019. One comprehensive university and one medical university were selected in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, and Hefei City, Anhui Province, respectively. A total of 1 029 first year college students were recruited as study participants, and four waves of longitudinal follow up were carried out over a period of two years. The Self rating of Biological Rhythm Disorder for Adolescents was used to assess college students biological rhythms, and using the dynamic data from the first two follow ups to construct the trajectory of biological rhythm changes. Mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms) at the end of the follow up period were assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the independent predictive value of distinct lifestyle rhythm trajectories on the detection risk of long term anxiety, depression, and their comorbid symptoms. Results: The prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and comorbid symptoms among participants were 23.5%, 22.6%, and 16.7%, respectively. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as sex, major, smoking, and alcohol consumption, compared with the persistent low risk reference group of overall biological rhythm, the persistent high risk trajectory group of overall assessment had an increased risk of anxiety symptoms( OR=3.87, 95%CI =2.45-6.11), depressive symptoms( OR=3.18, 95%CI =1.98-5.10), and comorbid symptoms( OR=2.43, 95%CI =1.46-4.04)(all P ＜0.05).Among college students in the elevated overall assessment risk group, the risks of anxiety symptoms ( OR=1.97, 95%CI =1.22-3.17), depressive symptoms ( OR=2.13, 95%CI =1.33-3.42), and comorbid symptoms ( OR=1.81, 95%CI =1.07-3.06) were also increased (all P < 0. 05), and the various risks in the group with increased risks were also higher than those in the group with consistently low risks. Conclusions The dynamic deterioration and persistent disruption of college students lifestyle and behavioral rhythms serve as strong early warning indicators for long term anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mental health screening in colleges and universities should incorporate multi timepoint dynamic tracking of behavioral rhythms, and circadian rhythm regulation should be regarded as a core target for group level mental health interventions.

Background Long working hours, as a common risk factor for occupational stress, is closely related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Understanding how long working hours affect occupational stress and depressive symptoms will inform occupational health interventions. Objective To quantify the impact of long working hours exposure on occupational stress and depressive symptoms among Internet industry employees, translate black-box outputs into actionable insights, and demonstrate the value of interpretable machine learning for early-warning occupational-health surveillance. Methods A dataset was derived from a cross-sectional survey involving 2866 internet industry employees in China. This survey was part of the project Risk Assessment Of Long Working Hour Exposure And Its Adverse Health Effects, conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2021 to 2023. Working hours, occupational stress and depressive symptoms were quantified with a set of structured questionnaires including the Core Occupational Stress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Pairwise associations were screened by Mantel tests and variance-inflation factors. Key predictors identified through feature selection were fed into six machine-learning risk-prediction models. Visual interpretation was provided by feature importance, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), while directed causal effects and intervention impacts of prolonged working hours exposure on occupational stress and depressive symptoms were dissected with causal explanation of features techniques. Results The positive rates of occupational stress and depressive symptoms among internet employees were 12.9% and 77.8% respectively. Twelve core features for occupational stress and nine for depressive symptoms were retained after selection. After these features were supplied to six predictive algorithms and evaluated on five metrics, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) achieved the highest accuracy—0.89 for occupational stress and 0.79 for depressive symptoms on the hold-out test set. The feature-importance rankings converged on fatigue accumulation and life satisfaction as dominant drivers for both outcomes, whereas weekly working hours and daily overtime emerged as the principal exposure-related predictors. The SHAP summary plots revealed that longer weekly hours and daily overtime systematically elevated the probability of occupational stress. The causal feature explanation further quantified that ascending one category in weekly working hours increased the probability of occupational stress by 7.04%. Conclusion Exposure to long working hours is associated with both occupational stress and depressive symptoms among internet industry employees. Interpretable machine-learning frameworks translate these associations into transparent, defensible drivers, enabling precise identification of the pivotal factors and their interplay. This evidence base equips occupational-health practitioners with actionable insights for designing targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, characterized by poor prognosis due to its high proliferative and invasive potential. Tumor metabolic reprogramming, particularly involving glucose metabolism, is essential for tumor survival. This study investigates the role of the Hippo pathway effector transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in regulating gluconeogenesis and promoting tumorigenesis in HCC. Methods: TAZ expression in HCC was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and validated in clinical samples and cell lines. TAZ was overexpressed or silenced in HCC cell lines to evaluate its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The expression and prognostic relevance of the gluconeogenesis-related genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) were examined, along with their correlation with TAZ expression. Tumor growth was assessed in nude mice. Interactions between TAZ and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were investigated using co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results: TAZ was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. TAZ overexpression enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and promoted migration and invasion. In contrast, PCK1 and G6PC were downregulated in HCC and showed a negative correlation with TAZ expression. Conclusion TAZ modulates gluconeogenesis and accelerates tumor growth, whereas its knockdown attenuates tumor progression. TAZ interacts with GR, suppressing its transcriptional activity on gluconeogenic gene promoters.

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by plant cells, characterized by a lipid bilayer structure. These vesicles carry a variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and play essential roles in intercellular communication and physiological regulation in plants. Compared to animal-derived extracellular vesicles, PDEVs offer several advantages, such as a broad range of sources, high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. Furthermore, PDEVs have demonstrated remarkable potential as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery, due to their ability to efficiently traverse biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, making them promising candidates for drug delivery systems. This review systematically elaborates on the complex composition of PDEVs, which consists of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, the typical structural characteristics of their lipid bilayers ranging from 30 to 150 nm, and their versatile loading capabilities as drug carriers, efficiently encapsulating various types of therapeutic agents such as hydrophilic small molecules, hydrophobic drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins. We systematically summarize the recent advancements in strategies for enhancing the loading efficiency of PDEVs, which include methods such as co-incubation, ultrasound-assisted loading, electroporation, freeze-thaw cycles, and microfluidic technology. These techniques are evaluated based on their underlying principles, suitable drug types, and their respective advantages. In addition to loading strategies, we focus on the engineered approaches to achieve targeted delivery using PDEVs, such as genetic engineering modifications, chemical ligand conjugation, membrane fusion technology, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification. We discuss the mechanisms of these strategies in enhancing targeting efficiency, prolonging in vivo circulation time, and improving therapeutic efficacy. Further, this review highlights the application of PDEVs in various disease models, including tumor, skin inflammation, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, showcasing their therapeutic potential as multifunctional delivery platforms. The ability of PDEVs to encapsulate diverse therapeutic agents and target specific tissues or cells opens up new avenues for the treatment of complex diseases, offering advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. However, despite the promising applications of PDEVs, several challenges remain in their development and clinical translation. These challenges include variability in source materials, standardization of preparation processes, quality control, scalability of production, and the need for clinical validation. To overcome these obstacles, the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence-assisted design and multi-omics analysis is proposed as a way to facilitate the precise development of PDEVs. These emerging technologies hold the potential to further enhance the precision and effectiveness of plant-based drug delivery systems, ultimately advancing the field of precision medicine. In conclusion, the use of PDEVs as a platform for drug delivery represents a promising area of research with the potential to revolutionize therapeutic strategies. Their ability to encapsulate and deliver a wide variety of bioactive molecules, along with their inherent advantages in biocompatibility and versatility, makes them a valuable tool in the development of more efficient and targeted therapeutic interventions. Continued research and innovation in this field will pave the way for the clinical implementation of PDEVs in the treatment of various diseases, offering new hope for more effective and sustainable therapeutic options.

Objective:To evaluate the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality.Methods:A total of 61 421 fall-related mortality from 2013 to 2022 in 7 provinces of China were included in a time-stratified case-crossover design, with daily meteorological data derived from the fifth generation European Reanalysis dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression chimeric distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality and stratified analysis was conducted according to gender and age.Results:Heatwaves were associated with an increased risk of fall-related morality. The risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves was higher than during non-heatwave periods ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18). The attributable fraction of fall-related motality due to heatwaves was 10.25% (95% CI: 4.49%-15.36%). For each 1 ℃ increase above the heatwave threshold, the risk of fall-related mortality increased by 34% ( OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.02-1.76). The effect of heatwave duration on fall-related mortality was not statistically significant. Stratified analyses indicated that women experienced a higher risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves ( OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.22) compared to man ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17). Conclusions:Heatwave increases the risk of fall-related mortality, and the intensity of heatwaves modify this risk. Women are vulnerable populations.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hospitalization of the patients with herpes zoster in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Methods:In this retrospective study, the information of hospitalization of herpes zoster patients were collected from all medical institutions at the first level and above in Xicheng, Changping, and Miyun districts of Beijing. The age and gender specific hospitalization rates and age-standardized hospitalization rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression model was used to explore the trend of the hospitalization rates, and the influencing factors of the hospital stay length and complications were analyzed.Results:The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the patients with herpes zoster was 10.82/100 000-18.43/100 000 in Beijing from 2017 to 2022 [annual percent change (APC) =5.86%, 95% CI: -2.80%-15.98%]. The age-standardized hospitalization rate of the cases with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed an upward trend (APC=11.35%, 95% CI: 7.21%-16.23%). The age-standardized hospitalization rate showed an upward trend in women (APC=14.34%, 95% CI: 7.95%-22.37%). The hospitalization rate showed a downward trend in age group 30-39 years (APC=-24.92%, 95% CI: -48.56% - -1.85%) and showed upward trends in age group 70-79 years and 80-109 years (APC=23.18%, 95% CI: 13.53%-35.58%; APC=4.90%, 95% CI: 1.18%-9.19%). Complications occurred in 66.28% (680/1 026) of the patients. The median hospital stay length was 9 (5,15) days, and the patients with high age (≥80 years) and two or more complications had longer hospital stay, which were 12 (6, 23) and 14 (7, 27) days respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalization rate in women and the elderly aged ≥70 years with herpes zoster as the main diagnosis showed upward trends in Beijing in recent years. The elderly aged ≥80 years usually had longer hospital stay, showing a relatively disease burden level. More attention should be paid to development of intervention strategies, such as vaccine, for this population.

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and strain genotypic distribution of varicella in Fengtai District, Beijing, utilizing population-based surveillance data from March 2024 to February 2025 combined with laboratory nucleic acid detection and genotyping.We reported 522 varicella cases with male predominance (282 cases, 54.41%) and a majority aged >15 years (358 cases, 68.58%).A bimodal incidence pattern peaked in May and November, while 161 breakthrough infections (30.8%) occurred predominantly among students aged 6-20 years.The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that, compared to the 0-5 years age group, individuals aged 6-14 years ( OR: 2.729, 95% CI: 1.083-6.88), 15-20 years ( OR: 2.495, 95% CI: 1.158-5.378), and>20 years ( OR: 5.382, 95% CI: 2.478-11.689) exhibited progressively higher odds of oderate-to-severe rash; females demonstrated a lower risk compared to males ( OR: 0.485, 95% CI: 0.286-0.822); regarding vaccination status, recipients of one vaccine dose ( OR: 0.301, 95% CI: 0.161-0.564) and two doses ( OR: 0.203, 95% CI: 0.086-0.48) showed significantly reduced risks relative to unvaccinated individuals. Genotyping of 174 specimens identified 161 VZV-positive samples, with successful ORF22/38/62 sequencing in 142 samples confirming Clade 2 predominance (141 strains, 99.3%) and one Clade 5 strain; local isolates exhibited high vaccine-strain homology (ORF22 nucleotide:99.5%-100%, amino acid:99.3%-100%) with mutation sites partially overlapping other Chinese regions.

Objective To investigate the effects of joint function screening and correction on intervention efficacy of prevention and assessment score of training injuries in new recruits.Methods A randomized controlled study was conducted on 265 new recruits subjected from two organizational units of an army unit with cluster sampling.Based on entire organizational unit,the participants were randomly divided into a control group(n=132)and an experimental group(n=133).The experimental group received joint function screening and corrective movement training,which was subsequently applied in the new recruit training,while the control group underwent training according to conventional methods.Joint function were collected before and after training.The demographic data,assessment score of training,and incidence of training injuries were collected through the participant's own organizational unit.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of joint function screening in predicting training injuries,and binary logistic regression and general linear regression analyses were applied to verify the correlation of joint function screening score with training injuries and assessment score of training.Results After new training,the score of joint function screening was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group(16.62±1.87 vs 14.92±2.58,P<0.001).And the score was obviously increased in the experimental group(16.62±1.87 vs 12.82±1.98,P<0.001)and the control group(14.92±2.58 vs 12.95±1.81,P<0.001)when compared with the corresponding score before training.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of joint function screening in predicting training injuries was 0.762(95%CI:0.694～0.830),indicating good predictive efficacy.During the new training process,the incidence of training injuries in the experimental group(13.53%)was significantly lower than that in the control group(24.24%,Chi-square=4.963,P=0.026).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the pre-training assessment score of joint function screening was an important influencing factor for training injuries in new recruits(OR=0.552,95%CI:0.413～0.660,P<0.001).The experimental group obtained notably higher mean assessment score than the control group[733.00(716.00,752.75)vs 728.79(710.46,744.28),P=0.027].Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation between post-training score of joint function screening and the assessment score of newly trained personnel(P<0.001).Conclusion Joint function screening and correction for newly trained personnel can effectively prevent training-related injuries during the new training period,and correcting joint function through training can effectively improve the assessment score of newly trained personnel.

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic.It is clinically used as a surgical anesthetic or anes-thetic inducer and has a certain degree of mental dependence.Its abuse can lead to nerve damage,ad-verse emotional reactions and other toxic side effects.The primary mechanism by which ketamine exerts its pharmacological effects is to block N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDAR).It also functions through pathways such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isox-azolepropionic acid receptors(AMPAR),opioid receptors,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors,monoaminergic receptors,cholinergic recep-tors,hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channels,voltage-gated sodium channels,and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels(VDCC).This article summarizes the molecular mecha-nism and toxic effects of ketamine's pharmacological functions,in order to provide a basis for foren-sic applications such as the identification of symptomatic phenotypes of ketamine toxic effects and the identification of ketamine abuse.