Objective To describe the status and influencing factors of psychological distress in older people living with HIV in Shanghai.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select HIV patients with the age of 50 years old and above who attended follow-up visits at the voluntary counselling & testing clinic in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from December 2022 to October 2023.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,HIV disclosure questionnaire,Distress Thermometer and Lubben Social Network Scale-6.Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze the factors influencing psychological distress.Results The prevalence of psychological distress among 332 participants was 105 cases(31.6％).The top 3 items selected by participants in Psychological Distress Problem List were insurance/financial issues,worry and sleep,relationship with children.Factors associated with a higher level of psychological distress included lower monthly income,not HIV disclosure and higher levels of social isolation.Conclusion Psychological distress among older people living with HIV remains to be further reduced,and it is affected by many factors.Health care providers should pay more attention to psychological distress among older HIV patients,and develop targeted intervention according to relevant influencing factors,aiming to reduce their psychological distress.

Objective:To observe any effect of exercise preconditioning on the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the brain tissue of rats after induced cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and how it might promote angiogenesis.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group and an exercise preconditioning group, each of 12. After adaptive running training for 3 days, the exercise preconditioning group ran daily for 30 minutes at 15m/min for 14 days, while the other two groups did not exercise. Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion were then induced in the model and exercise preconditioning groups using the modified Zea-Longa suture method. Rats in the sham-operation group were only cut open to expose the right carotid artery. Right after the modeling, and again 24 hours later neurological deficit was evaluated using the Zea-Longa score and modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS). Infarct sizes were measured using 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Any morphological changes were noted using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the expression of CD31 protein, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic cerebral cortex were quantified immunohistochemically.Results:Right after the modelling, compared with the sham-operation group, the average Zea-Longa scores of the model and exercise groups had increased significantly, but were not significantly different from each other. Twenty-four hours later the average Zea-Longa score, mNSS score and relative cerebral infarction area of the model group had increased significantly compared with the sham-operation group, while the exercise preconditioning group′s averages had decreased significantly. The HE staining showed that compared with the sham-operation group, pathological changes such as loose tissue, reduced number of nerve cells, nucleolysis, and vacuolization of the cerebral cortex on the ischemic side were found in the model group. Compared with the model group, the pathological changes in the exercise preconditioning group were less serious. The levels of CD31 protein, HIF-1α and VEGF in the ischemic cerebral cortexes of the model group had by then increased significantly. But compared with the model group, those levels had increased more in the exercise preconditioning group.Conclusion:Exercise preconditioning can effectively promote angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia and reduce chronic injury. That may be related to the activation of the HIF-1α and/or VEGF signaling pathways.

Objective To evaluate the effect of parasternal intercostal plane block(PIB)on postopera-tive fatigue in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods A to-tal of 111 elderly patients undergoing elective off-pump CABG in Xuzhou Municipal Central Hospital from May 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were divided into the control group(group C,n=55)and PIB group(group P,n=56)by adopting the random number table method.After induction of anesthesia,the patients in the group P received the ultrasound-guided bilateral PIB,and the group C received the equal volume of normal saline at the same site.The incidence rate of postoperative fatigue syn-drome(POFS)on postoperative 1,3,5,7 d and postoperative 8 weeks,NRS scores immediately after extuba-tion and at postoperative 12,24,48 h,postoperative opioid drugs consumption,ICU stay duration,hospitaliza-tion duration and adverse events occurrence were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the group C,the incidence rates of POFS on postoperative 1,3,5,7 d and postoperative 8 weeks in the group P were significantly decreased,the NRS scores immediately after extubation and at postoperative 12,24 h in the group P were lower,the postoperative opioid drugs consumption were smaller,the ICU stay duration was shorter,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The NRS score at postoperative 48 h and hospitalization duration had no statistical differences between the two groups(P＞0.05).No nerve block re-lated adverse events in the patients appeared during the study period.Conclusion The ultrasound guided PIB could effectively reduce the incidence rate of POFS in elderly patients undergoing off-pump CABG,promote the patients'prognosis and improve the recovery quality of the patients.

Objective To construct a rehabilitation nursing program for stroke patients based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). Methods The relevant domestic and foreign literatures were systematically searched, and a draft of the rehabilitation nursing program for stroke patients based on the 17 functional items in the four dimensions of ICF functional evaluation was constructed. The Delphi method was used to consult experts to further improve the program. Results A total of 16 experts completed two rounds of expert consultation. The expert authority coefficients of the first and second rounds of consultation were 0.897 and 0.897, respectively, with coefficient of variations ranging from 0.05 to 0.27 and 0.05 to 0.19, respectively. The Kendall's W coefficients were 0.384 and 0.452 (χ²=104.375, 122.831, P < 0.001), respectively. In the final rehabilitation nursing program for stroke patients, there were four first-level indicators (functional domains), 17 second-level indicators (intervention contents), and 73 third-level indicators (specific measures). Conclusion The rehabilitation nursing program for stroke patients based on ICF is scientific and reliable, and may provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the rehabilitation nursing of clinical stroke patients.

Objective To explore the correlations of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) with grading of myelofibrosis (MF) in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Methods Ninety patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-)MPN were selected as MPN group. According to the grading criteria for myelofibrosis by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016, MPN patients were divided into pre-fibrosis or early fibrosis group with 54 cases and significant fibrosis group with 36 cases; another 50 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Levels of serum VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the ratio of TIMP-1 to MMP-9 (TIMP-1/MMP-9) was calculated. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlations of VEGF, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 with MF grading. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of each indicator alone or their combination for diagnosing MPN or distinguishing MF grading. Results Compared with the control group, the serum levels of VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the MPN group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Values of area under the curve (AUC) of VEGF, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 for diagnosing MPN were 0, 834, 0.745, 0.923 and 0.618 respectively; the AUC of the combined diagnosis of MPN by VEGF, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was 0.960; when the optimal cut-off value was 0.627, the sensitivity was 85.56%, and the specificity was 92.00%. Compared with the pre-fibrosis or early fibrosis group, the serum levels of VEGF, TIMP-1 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 in the significant fibrosis group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that VEGF (r=0.378, P=0.001), TIMP-1 (r=0.512, P < 0.001) and TIMP-1/MMP-9 (r=0.353, P=0.001) were positively correlated with the MF grading of MPN patients (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the values of AUC of VEGF, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 for distinguishing patients with pre-fibrosis or early fibrosis from those with significant fibrosis were 0.723, 0.523, 0.802 and 0.708 respectively; the AUC of the combined detection of VEGF, TIMP-1 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 for distinguishing patients with pre-fibrosis or early fibrosis from those with significant fibrosis was 0.838; when the optimal cut-off value was 0.530, the sensitivity was 72.22%, and the specificity was 85.19%. Conclusion Serum VEGF, TIMP-1 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 can reflect the MF progression of MPN patients, and the combined detection of these indicators can predict the MF degree of MPN patients.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second commonest type of dementia which lacks of efficient treatments currently. Neuroinflammation as a prominent pathological feature of VaD, is highly involved in the development of VaD. In order to verify the therapeutic potential of PDE1 inhibitors against VaD, the anti-neuroinflammation, memory and cognitive improvement were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by a potent and selective PDE1 inhibitor 4a. Also, the mechanism of 4a in ameliorating neuroinflammation and VaD was systematically explored. Furthermore, to optimize the drug-like properties of 4a, especially for metabolic stability, 15 derivatives were designed and synthesized. As a result, candidate 5f, with a potent IC₅₀ value of 4.5 nmol/L against PDE1C, high selectivity over PDEs, and remarkable metabolic stability, efficiently ameliorated neuron degeneration, cognition and memory impairment in VaD mice model by suppressing NF-κB transcription regulation and activating cAMP/CREB axis. These results further identified PDE1 inhibition could serve as a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of VaD.

Objective:To investigate the role of IL-6 trans-signaling pathway in perioperative neurocognitive disorder in mice.Methods:Eighty-four SPF healthy male C57BL/6 wild-type mice and 84 SPF healthy male IL-6R -/- mice, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 25-35 g, were used.The 84 wild-type mice were divided into 4 groups ( n=21 each) using a random number table method: sham group (SH group), surgery group (S group), sgp130Fc (specific IL-6 trans-signaling pathway blocker) group (F group), and sgp130Fc+ surgery group (FS group). In S group and FS group, internal fixation was performed under general anesthesia with sevoflurane after tibial fracture.Mice only received anaesthesia with sevoflurane in SH group and F group.In FS group and F group, sgp130Fc 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected before anesthesia.Blood samples were collected from the celiac vein at 24 h after surgery for determination of the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the mice were sacrificed, brains were removed, and hippocampal tissues were obtained for measurement of the contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α (by ELISA) and for observation of activation of microglias in the hippocampal DG region (by immunofluorescence staining, n=6). Cognitive function was evaluated by contextual fear conditioning test ( n=15) on 3 days after surgery.Eighty-four IL-6R -/- mice were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=21 each): sham group (KO-SH group), surgery group (KO-S group), saline group (KO-C group), and hyper IL-6 (specific IL-6 trans-signaling pathway activator) group (KO-H group). The treatment in KO-SH group and KO-S group was the same as those previously described in SH group and S group, respectively.0.9% NaCl solution 100 μl was intraperitoneally injected in KO-C group, 100 μl hyper IL-6 40 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in KO-H group, and 24 h later blood was collected from the celiac vein for measurement of the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma by ELISA.Then the mice were sacrificed, brains were removed, and hippocampal tissues were obtained for determination of the contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α (by ELISA) and for observation of activation of microglias in the hippocampal DG region (by immunofluorescence staining, n=6). Cognitive function was evaluated by contextual fear conditioning test ( n=15) on 3 days after surgery. Results:Compared with SH group, the percentage of freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly decreased, and the activation of microglias in the hippocampal DG region and levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma and hippocampi were increased in S group ( P<0.05). Compared with S group, the percentage of freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly increased, and the activation of microglias in the hippocampal DG region and levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma and hippocampus were decreased in FS group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the percentage of freezing time, activation of microglias in the hippocampal DG region, and levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma and hippocampi between KO-S group and KO-SH group ( P>0.05). Compared with KO-C group, the percentage of freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly decreased, and the activiation of microglias in the hippocampal DG region and levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in plasma and hippocampus were increased in KO-H group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:IL-6 trans-signaling pathway is involved in the process of perioperative neurocognitive disorder in mice.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) nursing team in the treatment of critically ill patients.Methods:From October 2019 to October 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 78 critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang as the research object. The patients were divided into the control group and the observation group by random number table method, 39 cases in each group. The control group carried routine nursing, and the observation group implemented high-quality nursing by the CRRT nursing team. The incidence of complications, quality of life, and anxiety and depression scores were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The quality of life score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the anxiety and depression score was lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:High-quality nursing based on the CRRT nursing team can reduce the incidence of complications in critically ill patients in ICU, improve the quality of daily life, and relieve the negative emotions of patients, which has clinical application value.

Objective:To evaluate the test-retest reliability of MRI criteria in the 2019 Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses (CRMs) and to analyze the impact of lesions′ property, size and readers′ experience on the test-retest reliability.Methods:From January 2009 to June 2019, 207 patients with 207 CRMs were included in this retrospective study. All of them underwent renal MRI and surgical-pathologic examination. According to Bosniak classification, version 2019, all CRMs were independently classified twice by eight radiologists with different levels of experience. All radiologists were blinded to the pathology of the lesions. By using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), test-retest reliability was evaluated for all CRMs and for subgroups with different pathological properties (benign and malignant) and different sizes (≤40 mm and>40 mm). The test-retest reliability of 4 senior readers (≥10 years of experience) and 4 junior readers (<10 years of experience) were evaluated respectively. The comparison of ICC was performed using Z test. Results:The 207 CRMs included 111 benign lesions (83 benign cysts, 28 benign tumors) and 96 malignant tumors. There were 87 lesions with maximum diameter ≤40 mm and 120 with maximum diameter>40 mm. The test-retest reliability (ICC) of each reader for all lesions was 0.776-0.888, the overall ICC was 0.848 (95%CI 0.821-0.872). The ICCs of senior and junior readers were 0.853 (95%CI 0.824-0.880) and 0.843 (95%CI 0.811-0.871) respectively, without significant difference between the two groups ( Z=0.85, P=0.374). The ICC of all readers was 0.827 for benign lesions and 0.654 for malignant lesions, showing significant difference ( Z=2.80, P=0.005). The ICC was 0.770 for lesions ≤40 mm and 0.876 for lesions>40 mm, which was significantly different ( Z=-2.36, P=0.018). For CRM subgroups with different pathological properties and different sizes, there was no significant difference in test-retest reliability between senior and junior readers (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The test-retest reliability of MRI criteria in the 2019 Bosniak classification of CRMs is excellent and unaffected by readers′ experience. The reliabilities are not consistent among CRMs of different pathological properties and different sizes, but all reached the level of good and above.

Objective: To explore the effect of social support and rumination on posttraumatic growth of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: A total of 1 152 patients with HIV from Shanghai Public Clinical Center were investigated using General questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Event Related Rumination Inventory and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory by cross-sectional survey method from January 2018 to October 2018. The path of social support and rumination on post-traumatic growth was established by correlation analysis and structural equation model. Results: The total score of posttraumatic growth in patients with HIV was (47.93±23.55) points, which was at the low-middle level. Correlation analysis showed that posttraumatic growth was positively correlated with comprehension of social support (r=0.234, P<0.01), positively correlated with rumination (r=0.352, P<0.01). Structural equation model showed social support had directly positive effect on posttraumatic growth, path coefficient were 0.55. Rumination had a partial mediating effect between social support and posttraumatic growth, and mediation effects account for 11.65% of the total effect. Conclusions The posttraumatic growth level of patients with HIV needs to be improved. Health care providers should help patients get as high a level of social support as possible, as well as focus on guiding patients to think positive about the disease.