OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Wendan Decoction for phlegm syndrome in rats with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=8) and 3 phlegm syndrome model groups (induced by high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt feeding and a single-dose intraperitoneal STZ injection; n=24) treated with daily gavage of saline, Wendan Decoction (3.6 g/kg), or metformin (0.1 g/kg) for 4 weeks. General conditions and glucose and lipid metabolism parameters of the rats were monitored, and serum LPS, liver histopathology, hepatic expressions of FXR, CYP7A1 and FGFR4 and ileal expressions of FXR and FGF15 were examined. Gut microbiota structure was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing, and serum bile acids were quantified with UHPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS: The rat models of phlegm syndrome exhibited severe hepatic steatosis and necrosis, increased body weight, abdominal circumference, Lee's index, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, LDL and LPS, and decreased HDL level. The abundance of Bacteroidetes, Megamonas, and Bacteroides in gut microbiota increased while Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, isohyodeoxycholic acid, and glycohyodeoxycholic acid decreased significantly; hepatic FXR and FGFR4 expressions and ileal FXR and FGF15 expressions decreased while hepatic CYP7A1 expression increased significantly in the rat models. Treatment with Wendan Decoction effectively alleviated hepatic pathology, reduced body weight and abdominal circumference, improved glucose and lipid metabolic profiles and gut microbiota structure, and reversed the changes in hepatic and ileal protein expressions. Correlation analysis revealed that Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were positively correlated while Bacteroidetes, Megamonas and Bacteroides were negative correlated with the levels of isohyodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid. CONCLUSIONS Wendan Decoction can significantly improve metabolic profiles in rats with phlegm syndrome of MS possibly by regulating the intestinal flora-bile acid axis to modulate the intestinal flora structure and maintain bile acid homeostasis via the FXR signaling pathway.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Metabolic Syndrome/microbiology* ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism* ; Rats, Wistar ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Rats ; Male ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism* ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: Salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus (SPF) is widely used as a phytoestrogen-like agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, due to improper clinical use or misuse, resulting in liver damage. In this study, network pharmacology was employed to analyze the mechanism of cholestatic liver damage. An adeno-associated virus overexpressing SULT1E1 (rAAV8-SULT1E1) was constructed and the hepatotoxicity of SPF, psoralen, and isopsoralen was determined. METHODS: By utilizing three databases inclding TCMSP, TCMID, and BATMAN- TCM, the targets of the three databases were summarized, and a total of 45 psoralen compounds were included. Network pharmacology analysis was then performed. The adenoviral vectors were injected into the tail vein of C57BL6 mice to elucidate the role of SULT1E1 in SPF-induced cholestasis-mediated hepatotoxicity in vivo. SPF (10 g/kg), psoralen, and isopsoralen (50 mg/kg each) were intragastrically administered to mice for 30 d. B-ultrasound and samples were collected and examined for follow-up experiments. RESULTS: A total of 854 targets were predicted for 45 active components, with 151 cholestasis-mediated hepatotoxicity-related disease targets obtained for SPF. A total of 126 pathways were enriched based on KEGG pathway analysis, with the "estrogen signaling pathway" identified as one of the top 20 pathways. In terms of pathological hepatic changes, treated mice had visually swollen hepatocytes, dilated bile ducts, and elevated serum biochemical markers, which were more prominent in mice treated with isopsoralen than in those treated with other compounds. Notably, the overexpression of SULT1E1 could reverse liver damage in each treatment group. B-ultrasound was used to observe the size of the gallbladder in vivo. The size of the gallbladder was found to significantly increase on day 30 after treatment in the SPF-, psoralen-, and isopsoralen-treated groups, especially the SPF group. Compared with the expression levels in the negative control group (rAAV8-empty + con), the expression levels of FXR, Mrp2, Bsep, SULT1E1, SULT2A1, Ntcp, and Nrf2 decreased, whereas those of CYP7a1 and IL-6 increased in the SPF-, psoralen-, and isopsoralen-treated groups. CONCLUSION The overexpression of SULT1E1 could alleviate the decreased or increased expression of indicators, indicating that SULT1E1 is an important target gene for SPF-induced liver damage. The severity of liver damage was significantly lower in the rAAV8-SULT1E1 groups than in the rAAV8-empty groups.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint spectra and nucleoside components between Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine and its processed product Succus bambusae pinella preparata， providing a reference for the quality evaluation of the latter. METHODS HPLC fingerprint was established for 10 batches of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine and its processed product Succus bambusae pinella preparata following the Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 Edition）. Hierarchical cluster analysis （HCA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS- DA） were conducted on their common peaks. The contents of four nucleoside components， hypoxanthine， uridine， adenine， and guanosine， in both Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine and Succus bambusae pinella preparata were determined. RESULTS The similarity between the fingerprints of the 10 batches of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine， Succus bambusae pinella preparata， and their corresponding reference fingerprints ranged from 0.851 to 0.990. A total of 10 common peaks were obtained for both samples， and 4 components were identified as hypoxanthine， uridine， adenine， and guanosine. The results of HCA， PCA and OPLS-DA showed that the samples of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine and Succus bambusae pinella preparata were clustered into separate categories， with OPLS-DA selecting 4 differential components between them， ranked by variable importance projection values as peak 8， peak 1， peak 6 （adenine） and peak 10. The content determination results showed that the average contents of hypoxanthine， uridine， adenine and guanosine in Succus bambusae pinella preparata declined by 15.90%， 12.00%， 26.04% and 22.18% compared to Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine， respectively， with statistically significant differences in the contents of hypoxanthine， adenine and guanosine （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint and content determination methods are simple to operate and have good repeatability， which are suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine and Succus bambusae pinella preparata. The average contents of the four nucleoside components decreased after the processing of Succus bambusae pinella preparata.

Objective:To investigate the standardization construction of nursing information terminologies in Guizhou Province and provide reference for constructing a standard nursing terminology system in Guizhou Province.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 153 nursing managers from hospitals at all levels in Guizhou Province were selected as the research objects in June, 2021. The research objects were surveyed using a self-developed survey questionnaire on the current status of standardized terminology construction for hospital nursing information. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part was the basic information of the hospital and the general information of the person in charge of nursing information. The second part was the construction of standardized terminology for nursing information, including three dimensions, such as the basic dataset of nursing electronic medical records, the shared document of nursing electronic medical records and the construction of nursing information terminologies interconnection. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of standardized construction of nursing information terminologies. A total of 153 questionnaires were distributed in this study and 148 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 96.73% (148/153) .Results:The total score of the survey questionnaire on the standardization of nursing information terminologies construction in 148 hospitals in Guizhou Province was (102.22±24.42) . The basic dataset dimension score of nursing electronic medical records was (60.35±13.32) , the shared document dimension score of nursing electronic medical records was (27.78±19.08) and the dimension score of nursing terminology interconnection construction was (14.08±2.71) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that hospital level and whether nursing managers had received terminology training were the influencing factors for the score of hospital nursing information standardization terminology construction ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The standardization construction of nursing information terminologies in medical institutions in Guizhou Province is still at the primary level of information construction. The insufficient attention paid by secondary hospital managers to the standardization construction of nursing information terminologies and the lack of understanding of standardized nursing terminology by nursing information managers are important influencing factors.

Heart failure, as a progressive and irreversible clinical syndrome, is an important part of the global prevention and treatment of chronic cardiovascular diseases. The management of its complex symptoms and risk factors cannot completely rely on medical and nursing staff and short-term clinical treatment. Self-care is an effective way to reduce the readmission rate and fatality rate of patients. Symptom perception is a new dimension in the situation-specific theory of self-care in heart failure, and that is a comprehensive process by which patients conduct self-monitoring of symptoms and signs and identify, interpret, and label the meaning of symptoms. Symptom perception of heart failure is crucial to achieve effective self-care, however, there are few studies in China. This article reviews the definition, influencing factors and evaluation tools of symptom perception in patients with heart failure, so as to provide evidence for the intervention and promotion of symptom perception in patients with heart failure.

Objective To investigate the technical requirements for the 3.0T multi-modal quantitative MR imaging of the rabbit liver.Methods A total of 8 rabbits were scanned and T1 mapping,T2 mapping,MT and Gd EOB-DTPA dynamic enhancement images were acquired.For the dynamic enhanced scanning,injecting contrast medium was followed by saline flush with different combinations of injection flow rate (1.5 mL/s and 2 mL/s) and injection volume(6 mL and 8 mL).The quality of the images was assessed and analyzed statistically.Results The total scanning time was about 20-25 min.High-quality images were acquired by T1 mapping,T2 mapping and MT sequences.There was no significant difference in image quality among different groups in Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced scanning(P＞0.05).Two rabbits died when the combination of injection flow rate of 2 mL/s and injection volume of 8 mL was used.Conclusion 3.0 T multi-modal quantitative MR scanning of rabbit liver can be achieved successfully if scanning parameters are properly chosen.

Objective To analyze the content and methods of different humanistic nursing care evaluation tools,both domestic and abroad,and to provide reference for the development of more objective,scientific and operational evaluation tools.Methods The CNKI,Wanfang database,CqVIP,PubMed and Cochrane library database were retrieved by computer,and supplemented by manual searches.Then the articles which in accordance with inclusion criteria were analyzed by descriptive analysis.Results A total of 25 literatures were involved,including 22 foreign literatures,while only 3 in domestic.Conclusions The foreign humanistic nursing care evaluation tools are more mature at present,but China is still in its infancy,so it should develop humanistic nursing care evaluation tool which conforms to Chinese culture and national conditions,objective and scientific,in order to enhance humanistic caring capacity of nurses in China.

Objective: To observe the effect oftuina plus music therapy on range of motion of ankle joints and muscle spasm of lower limbs in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Method:All of 286 cases that conformed to the diagnostic criteria of infantile cerebral palsy were treated with 7 types of tuina manipulations respectively to unblock the Governor Vessel, reinforce the kidney and strengthen the spleen, pinch along the spine, stimulate specific foot-reflex area and different spinal segments, accelerate recovery of muscle strength and increase joint range of motion, 25-30 rain each treatment, once or twice a day, 30 d constitute a course of treatment.After this, the efficacy on femoral medial adduction and dorsiflexion angle and composite spasticity score (CSS) was evaluated. Result: The statistical analysis showed significant differences in dorsiflexion and femoral medial adduction angle and CCS scores (P<0.01) after the treatments. Conclusion: Tuina plus music therapy can lubricate the joints, relax contraction of tendons, alleviate muscle spasm and improve scissors and toe-walking gaits, thereby benefiting the gross motor function of infants in sitting, kneeling, standing and walking.