ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Tongxinluo capsules on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome elements and major adverse cardiovascular events （MACEs） in patients with chronic coronary syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. MethodsA multicenter and prospective cohort study was conducted. The intervention of Tongxinluo Capsules was used as the exposure factor， and the patients were divided into an exposure group （integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment group） and a non-exposure group （western medicine treatment group）. The patients were followed up for one year. The TCM syndrome element scores were assessed by using a syndrome element diagnosis scale on the day of enrollment and in the third， sixth， and twelfth months， and the incidence of MACE within one year was recorded. ResultsA total of 186 patients were included， with 128 patients in the exposure group and 58 patients in the non-exposure group. There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups. Compared with those in the pretreatment period for each group， the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome scores in the treatment and follow-up period were significantly improved （P<0.05）. Compared with the non-exposure group， the exposure group exhibited significantly decreased Qi deficiency syndrome scores in the treatment and follow-up period （P<0.01） and significantly reduced blood stasis syndrome scores in the sixth month （P<0.05）. In the remaining follow-up period， there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared with that of the non-exposure group， during the treatment period （the third month）， the difference in Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome scores of the exposure group was statistically significant （P<0.05， P<0.01）. At the end of the follow-up period， patients in the non-exposure group had a MACE probability of 6.90% （4/58）， higher than 3.13% in the exposure group （4/58）. Compared with patients with angina pectoris who used conventional medicine， patients administered with Tongxinluo Capsules had a relative risk（RR） of 0.45 ［95%confidence interval（95%CI） 0.12-1.75， P=0.26］. There was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE within one year between the two groups. ConclusionTongxinluo capsules can improve the degree of Qi deficiency in patients with chronic coronary syndrome in the short term， and the improvement effect of blood stasis syndrome appears in the medium and long term. They can better improve the Qi deficiency syndrome in the long term. Within one year， the incidence of MACE in the exposure group was lower than that in the non-exposure group.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Tongxinluo capsules on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome elements and major adverse cardiovascular events （MACEs） in patients with chronic coronary syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. MethodsA multicenter and prospective cohort study was conducted. The intervention of Tongxinluo Capsules was used as the exposure factor， and the patients were divided into an exposure group （integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment group） and a non-exposure group （western medicine treatment group）. The patients were followed up for one year. The TCM syndrome element scores were assessed by using a syndrome element diagnosis scale on the day of enrollment and in the third， sixth， and twelfth months， and the incidence of MACE within one year was recorded. ResultsA total of 186 patients were included， with 128 patients in the exposure group and 58 patients in the non-exposure group. There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups. Compared with those in the pretreatment period for each group， the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome scores in the treatment and follow-up period were significantly improved （P<0.05）. Compared with the non-exposure group， the exposure group exhibited significantly decreased Qi deficiency syndrome scores in the treatment and follow-up period （P<0.01） and significantly reduced blood stasis syndrome scores in the sixth month （P<0.05）. In the remaining follow-up period， there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared with that of the non-exposure group， during the treatment period （the third month）， the difference in Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome scores of the exposure group was statistically significant （P<0.05， P<0.01）. At the end of the follow-up period， patients in the non-exposure group had a MACE probability of 6.90% （4/58）， higher than 3.13% in the exposure group （4/58）. Compared with patients with angina pectoris who used conventional medicine， patients administered with Tongxinluo Capsules had a relative risk（RR） of 0.45 ［95%confidence interval（95%CI） 0.12-1.75， P=0.26］. There was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE within one year between the two groups. ConclusionTongxinluo capsules can improve the degree of Qi deficiency in patients with chronic coronary syndrome in the short term， and the improvement effect of blood stasis syndrome appears in the medium and long term. They can better improve the Qi deficiency syndrome in the long term. Within one year， the incidence of MACE in the exposure group was lower than that in the non-exposure group.

ObjectiveTo understand the measles, rubella, and mumps antibody seroprevalence among the children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination. MethodsA stratified whole cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the antibody seroprevalence of measles, rubella, and mumps among the healthy children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to further analyze the positive antibody rates and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies. ResultsA total of 620 people were investigated, and the positive rates of IgG to measles, rubella, and mumps were 72.74%,62.26%, and 86.45%, respectively, with a GMC of308.94 mIU·mL^-1, 21.81 mIU·mL^-1, and 249.10 U·mL^-1. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of antibodies to measles, rubella, and mumps among different age groups (χ²_measles=76.707, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=60.804, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=35.407, P<0.001). The differences in positive rates were statistically significant among individuals with different intervals from the time of their last dose vaccination (χ²_measles=60.533, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=46.331, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=22.825, P<0.001). ConclusionThe antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps among the people aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City are found to be low. Two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine should be given to children born before 2020, and if necessary, supplementary immunization with MMR vaccine should be carried out before they are enrolled in nursery and kindergarten. Additionally, regular population-based antibody surveillance should be conducted to promptly identify the people with weak immunity, which is conducive to effectively reducing and controlling the epidemic situation of measles, rubella and mumps in schools.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) significantly endangers the lives of individuals with Marfan syndrome (MFS), yet the intricacies of their biomechanical origins remain elusive. Our investigation delves into the pivotal role of hemodynamic disturbance in the pathogenesis of TAA, with a particular emphasis on the mechanistic contributions of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade. We uncovered that activation of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) within smooth muscle cells, instigated by the oscillatory wall shear stress (OSS) that stems from disturbed flow (DF), is a catalyst for TAA progression. This revelation was corroborated through both an MFS mouse model (Fbn1 ^+/C1039G) and clinical MFS specimens. Crucially, our research demonstrates a direct linkage between the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and the intensity in OSS. Therapeutic administration of rapamycin suppresses mTORC1 activity, leading to the attenuation of aberrant SMC behavior, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and restoration of extracellular matrix integrity-collectively decelerating TAA advancement in our mouse model. These insights posit the mTORC1 axis as a strategic target for intervention, offering a novel approach to manage TAAs in MFS and potentially pave insights for current treatment paradigms.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)on the pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)model induced by monocrotaline(MCT)/monocrotaline pyrrole(MCTP)in SD rats/human pulmonary artery endothelial cell(HPAEC).Methods In vivo experiment,60 male SD rats were randomly assigned to control group,PAH model group,AS-Ⅳ low-dose(20 mg/kg)group,AS-Ⅳ medium-dose(40 mg/kg)group,AS-Ⅳ high-dose(80 mg/kg)group,or sildenafil(Sil,100 mg/kg)group,with 10 rats in each group;except for the control group,PAH rat models were established by single intraperitoneal injection of MCT(60 mg/kg)in other groups.In vitro experiment,HPAECs were randomly assigned to control group,PAH model group,AS-Ⅳ low-dose(10 μmol/L)group,AS-Ⅳ medium-dose(20 μmol/L)group,MCTP+AS-Ⅳ high-dose(40 μmnol/L)group,or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway inhibitor(SB203580,5 μmol/L)group;except for the control group,in vitro PAH cell models were established by MCTP(60 μg/mL)induction for 24 h in other groups.In vivo experiments,after 4 weeks of drug intervention,the right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP)and mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)of rats were measured by hemodynamic methods,the right ventricle hypertrophy index was measured by weighing methods,the percentage of pulmonary arteriole wall thickness to outer diameter(WT％)and percentage of the wall area to total vascular area(WA％)were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,the expression of cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 3(caspase 3)protein in lung tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry(IHC),and the apoptosis of lung tissue cells was detected by TUNEL assay.In vitro experiments,JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential in cells,and immunofluorescence was used to detect caspase 3 protein expression.In vitro and in vivo experiments,Western blotting was used to detect the expression of caspase 3,B-cell lymphoma gene 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),p38 MAPK,and phosphorylated p38 MAPK proteins in lung tissue and HPAECs.Results In vivo experiments,the RVSP,mPAP,and right ventricle hypertrophy index were decreased in the Sil group and each dose group of AS-Ⅳ(all P＜0.01);the WA％and WT％of each dose group of AS-Ⅳ were decreased(all P＜0.01),the expression of caspase 3 protein in lung tissue was decreased(all P＜0.01),and the apoptosis of lung tissue cells was decreased(all P＜0.01).In vitro experiments showed that after intervention with each dose of AS-Ⅳ and SB203580,the mitochondrial membrane potential of HPAEC was increased(all P＜0.01)and the expression of caspase 3 was decreased(all P＜0.01).In vivo and in vitro experiments,each dose of AS-Ⅳand SB203580 reduced the expression of Bax and phosphorylated p38 MAPK proteins,and increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein(all P＜0.01).Conclusion AS-Ⅳ reduces apoptosis by inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway,improving PAH in SD rats.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm(TAA)significantly endangers the lives of individuals with Marfan syndrome(MFS),yet the intricacies of their biomechanical origins remain elusive.Our investigation delves into the pivotal role of hemodynamic disturbance in the pathogenesis of TAA,with a particular emphasis on the mechanistic contributions of the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling cascade.We un-covered that activation of the mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)within smooth muscle cells,instigated by the oscillatory wall shear stress(OSS)that stems from disturbed flow(DF),is a catalyst for TAA progression.This revelation was corroborated through both an MFS mouse model(Fbn1+/C1039G)and clinical MFS specimens.Crucially,our research demonstrates a direct linkage between the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and the intensity in OSS.Therapeutic administration of rapamycin suppresses mTORC1 activity,leading to the attenuation of aberrant SMC behavior,reduced inflammatory infiltration,and restoration of extracellular matrix integrity—collectively decelerating TAA advancement in our mouse model.These insights posit the mTORC1 axis as a strategic target for intervention,offering a novel approach to manage TAAs in MFS and potentially pave insights for current treatment paradigms.

Behavioral activation therapy is a short-term psychological treatment for depression.It has achieved positive results in the treatment of depression due to its simplicity and low treatment cost.Driven by the development of information technology and the aging of population,behavioral activation therapy is constantly innovated to meet the needs of depression treatment.This article reviews the application of behavioral activation therapy in depression treatment,and focuses on the innovative application progress based on the analysis of the connotation and current status of behavioral activation therapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Tongxinluo capsules on the use of anti-ischemic drugs in patients with chronic coronary syndrome （CCS） of Qi deficiency and blood stasis. MethodA multicenter，prospective cohort study was conducted，with Tongxinluo capsules intervention as the exposure factor. Patients were divided into an exposed group （combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine） and a non-exposed group （western medicine alone），and followed up for one year. The use of anti-ischemic drugs was observed on the day of enrollment and at 3，6，12 months. ResultA total of 186 patients were enrolled，with 128 in the exposed group and 58 in the non-exposed group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. At the 3-month follow-up，the types of first-line anti-ischemic drugs used in the exposed group were significantly fewer than those in the non-exposed group （P<0.01），and this difference remained statistically significant at 6 months （P<0.05） but was no longer significant at 12 months. At the 3- and 6-month follow-ups，there were no significant differences between the two groups in the types of second-line anti-ischemic drugs used. However，at the 12-month follow-up，the types of second-line anti-ischemic drugs used in the exposed group were significantly fewer than those in the non-exposed group （P<0.01）. At the 3-month follow-up，both groups showed a reduction in the types of first-line anti-ischemic drugs used compared to baseline （P<0.05），with a more pronounced reduction in the exposed group （P<0.05）. At the 6-month follow-up，the exposed group showed a significant reduction in the types of second-line anti-ischemic drugs used compared to baseline （P<0.05），while no significant changes were observed in the non-exposed group. At the 12-month follow-up，the difference in the types of second-line anti-ischemic drugs between the exposed and non-exposed groups was statistically significant （P<0.05），while there was no significant difference in the types of first-line anti-ischemic drugs. ConclusionTongxinluo capsules can effectively reduce the use of anti-ischemic drugs in patients with CCS of Qi deficiency and blood stasis.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Karamay City, to inform the prevention and control of the local varicella epidemic, and to guide adjustments to the varicella vaccine immunization strategy. MethodsThe data on varicella cases from 2015 to 2022 in Karamay were collected and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. ResultsA total of 3 380 varicella cases were reported in Karamay from 2015 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 94.91/10⁵. The incidence of varicella showed a year-on-year downward trend from 2015 to 2022 (AAPC=-16.29%, P<0.05). Varicella cases demonstrated a seasonal variation, with peak incidence occurring from October to January of the following year and a slight increase from April to June. There were regional differences in the distribution of incidence rate, with 109.68/10⁵ in Karamay District, followed by 89.06/10⁵ in Baijiantan District, and 53.80/10⁵ in Dushanzi District, respectively. The incidence rates in the 10‒14 and 5‒9 years age groups were higher than that in other age groups, with an incidence rate of 447.01/10⁵ and 422.33/10⁵ in each group, respectively. Most of the cases were students, accounting for 59.17% of the total cases, followed by preschool children (17.40%). There were 645 breakthrough cases of varicella, accounting for 19.08% of the total cases. The average interval between the onset of breakthrough cases and the most recent vaccination was (5.77±3.43) years. ConclusionVaricella cases mainly occurred in schools and childcare institutions in Karamay City, highlighting the need for enhanced prevention and control efforts in these settings. A second dose of varicella vaccine is recommended for children before primary school enrollment.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs. China is still among the high-burden tuberculosis countries in the world. Although the estimated incidence of tuberculosis in China has declined in recent years, the declining rate is slow. It still faces major issues such as a slower rate of decline, a widening gap between estimated and notified incidence, higher risk among middle-aged and older adults, a high number of cases among agriculture and related workers, and a heavier disease burden in the country's western regions. In addition, latent tuberculosis infection, drug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis coinfection with HIV, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis have also exacerbated the disease burden of tuberculosis to some extent. This paper reviewed the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis, the epidemiological triad, three links and two factors in the transmission process, the disease burden, and other aspects to provide a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies on tuberculosis.