ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in infectious disease reporting timeliness before and after the implementation of the National Infectious Disease Intelligent Surveillance and Early Warning Pre-position Software (hereinafter referred to as “the pre-position software”) at Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and to evaluate its effectiveness in shortening reporting time and improving reporting timeliness. MethodsCase data of infectious diseases submitted by Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital to the National Disease Prevention and Control System during January to July 2024 (pre-implementation) and January to July 2025 (post-implementation) were selected. Overall differences in reporting timeliness between the two periods were compared, and stratified comparative analyses were performed by month, weekdays versus weekends/holidays, disease type, and population characteristics. ResultsBefore and after the implementation of the pre-position software, the hospital reported 623 and 587 infectious disease cases, respectively. Among the total 1 210 cases, 49.26% (596/1 210) had a reporting timeliness of <10 h. The highest number of reported cases fell into the 1 to <5 h range, accounting for 31.24% (378/1 210). There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of reported cases by reporting timeliness for infectious diseases in the hospital before and after the use of the pre-position software (χ²=27.38, P<0.001). Compared with January to July 2024, the median reporting timeliness in January to July 2025 was shortened by 3.77 h, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.50, P<0.001). In April (the fourth month after implementation), the median reporting timeliness was shortened by 9.00 h (Z=-3.17, P=0.002). On non-working days (Saturdays and Sundays), it was shortened by 7.64 h (Z=-5.69, P<0.001), and on public holidays, it was shortened by 7.21 h (Z=-3.71, P<0.001). For class C infectious diseases, the median time was shortened by 3.49 h (Z=-3.05, P=0.002). For scattered children, it was shortened by 4.95 h (Z=-3.78, P<0.001). All differences were statistically significant. ConclusionAfter the implementation of the pre-position software, the reporting timeliness for infectious diseases at Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital is shortened, with particularly notable reductions observed in April, on non-working days, for Class C infectious diseases, and for scattered children, indicating the reporting timeliness is improved. This study provides empirical references for the promotion and application of this software in medical institutions.

ObjectiveTo understand the measles, rubella, and mumps antibody seroprevalence among the children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination. MethodsA stratified whole cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the antibody seroprevalence of measles, rubella, and mumps among the healthy children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to further analyze the positive antibody rates and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies. ResultsA total of 620 people were investigated, and the positive rates of IgG to measles, rubella, and mumps were 72.74%,62.26%, and 86.45%, respectively, with a GMC of308.94 mIU·mL^-1, 21.81 mIU·mL^-1, and 249.10 U·mL^-1. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of antibodies to measles, rubella, and mumps among different age groups (χ²_measles=76.707, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=60.804, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=35.407, P<0.001). The differences in positive rates were statistically significant among individuals with different intervals from the time of their last dose vaccination (χ²_measles=60.533, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=46.331, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=22.825, P<0.001). ConclusionThe antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps among the people aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City are found to be low. Two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine should be given to children born before 2020, and if necessary, supplementary immunization with MMR vaccine should be carried out before they are enrolled in nursery and kindergarten. Additionally, regular population-based antibody surveillance should be conducted to promptly identify the people with weak immunity, which is conducive to effectively reducing and controlling the epidemic situation of measles, rubella and mumps in schools.

Objective To explore the promoting effect of long-term administration of nicotiflorin on the recovery of neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury （CIRI）. Methods The CIRI model was established and nicotiflorin was injected intraperitoneally after 1 hour of obstruction for 8 weeks. Tail suspension deflection experiment, balance beam experiment and water maze test were performed in the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. After 8 weeks, TTC staining was used to observe the volume of infarct atrophy, transcriptome sequencing was employed to screen differential expressed genes （DEGs） and highly enriched pathways were analyzed, Western-bloting and Elisa were used to assess proteins expression related to the pyroptosis pathway and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Results By long-term administration of nicotiflorin, the contralateral deflection rate was significantly reduced and beam experiment score of CIRI rats was balanced, the number of crossing the platform in water maze test was increased （P<0.05）, the volume of cerebral infarction atrophy was decreased （P<0.01）, which significantly promoted the recovery of neurological function in rats. Transcriptome sequencing found that the expression of genes in the pyroptosis-related signaling pathways in the brain tissue of rats in the nicotiflorin group was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. Western-blot and Elisa experiments showed that nicotiflorin reduced the expression levels of Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N and other pyroptosis-related proteins, and at the same time, the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 was significantly reduced （P<0.05）, indicating that nicotiflorin could inhibit the inflammatory process of pyroptosis. Conclusion Nicotiflorin exhibited a significant long-term promotion effect on the recovery of neurological function in CIRI rats, which potentially attributed from its ability to inhibit pyroptosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health issue today. A novel TB vaccine is a key approach to reaching the targets of WHO's End-TB Strategy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of TB vaccines both in China and abroad. A breakthrough has been made in both application scenarios and technological routes, and several vaccine candidates have entered phase Ⅲ clinical trials. This review summarizes information from clinical trials involving key TB vaccine candidates under development in China and abroad. It highlights six candidates that are most promising for marketing or inspiring future research and development, analyzes the current difficulties in the research and development of novel TB vaccines, and provides an outlook for the future.

Bronchial asthma is a kind of heterogeneous respiratory disease, and its emergency diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges. This article, based on the evolution of domestic and international guidelines and consensus, explores the current confusions and shortcomings in the emergency treatment of asthma, considering the clinical specifics of emergency medicine. Due to the limited applicability of classifications such as "refractory asthma" and "severe asthma" in emergency settings, as well as the complex diagnostic process that makes clinical operations difficult, it is proposed to unify the diagnostic terminology as "acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma" (mild, moderate, severe, critical severe) in emergency work. Assessment indicators, such as arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO₂), partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂), peak expiratory flow (PEF). Simplified were simplified. The clinical diagnosis and emergency management should prioritize the approach outlined in the Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma (basic version). For mild-to-moderate and severe exacerbations, a tiered treatment strategy is recommended, focusing on rapid symptom relief, standardized glucocorticoid use, and dynamic efficacy assessment. Additionally, the urgent need for formulating a Chinese expert consensus on emergency diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma is highlighted, along with promoting multicenter prospective studies to optimize emergency protocols and improve patient prognosis.
Humans ; Asthma/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Thoracic aortic aneurysm(TAA)significantly endangers the lives of individuals with Marfan syndrome(MFS),yet the intricacies of their biomechanical origins remain elusive.Our investigation delves into the pivotal role of hemodynamic disturbance in the pathogenesis of TAA,with a particular emphasis on the mechanistic contributions of the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling cascade.We un-covered that activation of the mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)within smooth muscle cells,instigated by the oscillatory wall shear stress(OSS)that stems from disturbed flow(DF),is a catalyst for TAA progression.This revelation was corroborated through both an MFS mouse model(Fbn1+/C1039G)and clinical MFS specimens.Crucially,our research demonstrates a direct linkage between the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and the intensity in OSS.Therapeutic administration of rapamycin suppresses mTORC1 activity,leading to the attenuation of aberrant SMC behavior,reduced inflammatory infiltration,and restoration of extracellular matrix integrity—collectively decelerating TAA advancement in our mouse model.These insights posit the mTORC1 axis as a strategic target for intervention,offering a novel approach to manage TAAs in MFS and potentially pave insights for current treatment paradigms.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) significantly endangers the lives of individuals with Marfan syndrome (MFS), yet the intricacies of their biomechanical origins remain elusive. Our investigation delves into the pivotal role of hemodynamic disturbance in the pathogenesis of TAA, with a particular emphasis on the mechanistic contributions of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade. We uncovered that activation of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) within smooth muscle cells, instigated by the oscillatory wall shear stress (OSS) that stems from disturbed flow (DF), is a catalyst for TAA progression. This revelation was corroborated through both an MFS mouse model (Fbn1 ^+/C1039G) and clinical MFS specimens. Crucially, our research demonstrates a direct linkage between the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and the intensity in OSS. Therapeutic administration of rapamycin suppresses mTORC1 activity, leading to the attenuation of aberrant SMC behavior, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and restoration of extracellular matrix integrity-collectively decelerating TAA advancement in our mouse model. These insights posit the mTORC1 axis as a strategic target for intervention, offering a novel approach to manage TAAs in MFS and potentially pave insights for current treatment paradigms.

Objective To investigate the susceptibility and infection characteristics of dengue virus(DENV)in cells derived from diverse tissues of tree shrews and to provide a basis for expanding the repertoire of DENV-permissive cell models in this species.Methods DENV was inoculated at a multiplicity of infection(MOI)of 0.02 into tree shrew skin fibroblasts(TSFs),primary tree shrew renal epithelial cells(pTRECs),tree shrew aortic endothelial cells(TAECs),tree shrew aortic smooth muscle cells(TASMCs),tree shrew hepatocytes(THs),tree shrew corneal stromal cells(TCSCs),tree shrew brain microvascular endothelial cells(TBMECs),and tree shrew retinal microvascular endothelial cells(TRMECs).C6/36,Vero,A549,and BHK-21 cells(commonly used for DENV propagation)were used as positive controls.Over 6 days post-infection,cellular cytopathic effects were monitored at 12-hour intervals using an inverted microscope,viral RNA loads in cell lysates were quantified by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to generate proliferation curves,and viral titers were determined by plaque assay.Results Seven types of tree shrew cells,except TRMECs,were susceptible to DENV.Prolonged infection induced pronounced cytopathic effects,including cell rounding,detachment,necrosis,and lysis,across all susceptible cells.The viral RNA loads detected in lysates of pTRECs,TBMECs,TASMCs,TAECs and THs,approached those of positive controls(≥4×107 copies/μL).Infectious progeny viruses were produced by these five cell types,with three(TAECs,3.13×105 PFU/mL;THs,2.03×105 PFU/mL;pTRECs,1.58×105 PFU/mL)exhibiting titers comparable to C6/36(3.85×10 5 PFU/mL)and earlier viral harvests.Conclusion DENV exhibits broad susceptibility to tree shrew cells of multiple tissue origins,with proliferation rates surpassing those of conventional cell lines sourced from other species.TAECs,THs,and pTRECs are particularly suitable for large-scale DENV proliferation,suggesting their potential involvement in in vivo infection.

Objective:To explore the impact of a comprehensive intervention program that integrates transitional care with personalized discharge preparation services on discharge preparedness on the growth, development, and motor development in premature infants, providing guidance and reference for clinical practice.Methods:The 90 pairs of premature infants and their main caregivers who were treated in the neonatal department, Children ′s Hospital, Quanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital were studied from February 2023 to February 2024 by randomized control method. Used the table of random numbers, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 45 pairs in each group. The control group routinely administered care, while the observation group was implemented a transitional care combined with personalized discharge preparation services. The discharge preparedness, growth and motor development, and the disease uncertainty of caregivers were observed between the 2 groups. Results:There were 27 males and 18 females of the 45 preterm infants,with gestational age of 30.86 (29.36, 31.50) weeks in the control group, 24 males and 21 females with gestational age of 30.29(29.00, 31.07) weeks in the observation group. The main caregiver identities 43 were mothers and 2 were other identities in the control group, 42 were mothers and 3 were other identities in the observation group, with them being 31.00(28.00, 35.00) years old. There were 97.78% (44 /45) caregivers who thought the child was ready to go home in the observation group, while the control group were 84.44% (38 /45), these differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.88, P<0.05). The total score of discharge readiness in the observation group were 240.00(237.00, 242.50) points, higher than in the control group 226.00(219.00, 229.50) points, these differences were statistically significant ( Z=-6.23, P<0.05). The head circumference and body weight of the observation group were (34.82 ± 1.14) cm and (3.60 ± 0.55) kg, while the control group were (34.25 ± 1.22) cm and (3.35 ± 0.53) kg, there were statistically significant between the two groups ( t=-2.29, -2.22, all P<0.05). The Test of Infant Motor Performance score in the observation group was 50.00(46.00, 52.00) points, while the control group was 45.00(42.00, 48.00) points, there were statistically significant between the two groups ( Z=-3.65, P<0.05). The total score of disease uncertainty in the observation was 52.00(45.50, 60.00) points, while the control group was 61.00(58.50, 65.00) points, there was statistically significant between the two groups ( Z=-4.62, P<0.05). Conclusions:The discharge preparedness of the caregivers of preterm infants was improved because of the use of transitional care combined with personalized discharge preparation services, and the growth and motor development of preterm infants were promoted, and the uncertainty of the family caregivers of preterm infants about the disease was reduced.

Objective To investigate the susceptibility and infection characteristics of dengue virus(DENV)in cells derived from diverse tissues of tree shrews and to provide a basis for expanding the repertoire of DENV-permissive cell models in this species.Methods DENV was inoculated at a multiplicity of infection(MOI)of 0.02 into tree shrew skin fibroblasts(TSFs),primary tree shrew renal epithelial cells(pTRECs),tree shrew aortic endothelial cells(TAECs),tree shrew aortic smooth muscle cells(TASMCs),tree shrew hepatocytes(THs),tree shrew corneal stromal cells(TCSCs),tree shrew brain microvascular endothelial cells(TBMECs),and tree shrew retinal microvascular endothelial cells(TRMECs).C6/36,Vero,A549,and BHK-21 cells(commonly used for DENV propagation)were used as positive controls.Over 6 days post-infection,cellular cytopathic effects were monitored at 12-hour intervals using an inverted microscope,viral RNA loads in cell lysates were quantified by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to generate proliferation curves,and viral titers were determined by plaque assay.Results Seven types of tree shrew cells,except TRMECs,were susceptible to DENV.Prolonged infection induced pronounced cytopathic effects,including cell rounding,detachment,necrosis,and lysis,across all susceptible cells.The viral RNA loads detected in lysates of pTRECs,TBMECs,TASMCs,TAECs and THs,approached those of positive controls(≥4×107 copies/μL).Infectious progeny viruses were produced by these five cell types,with three(TAECs,3.13×105 PFU/mL;THs,2.03×105 PFU/mL;pTRECs,1.58×105 PFU/mL)exhibiting titers comparable to C6/36(3.85×10 5 PFU/mL)and earlier viral harvests.Conclusion DENV exhibits broad susceptibility to tree shrew cells of multiple tissue origins,with proliferation rates surpassing those of conventional cell lines sourced from other species.TAECs,THs,and pTRECs are particularly suitable for large-scale DENV proliferation,suggesting their potential involvement in in vivo infection.