As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

ObjectiveTo explore psychological experiences and care needs of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dysphagia. MethodsFrom April to June, 2024, 13 elderly patients with COPD and dysphagia received treatment in Yixing No. 2 People's Hospital (Yixing Occupational Disease Institute) and Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital were interviewed. Nvivo 11.0 and content analysis were employed to analyze and summarize themes. ResultsTwo main themes were identified. The psychological experiences included fear of eating due to swallowing and choking, swallowing anxiety in social situations, concerns about malnutrition, and emotional loss related to family. The care needs included improvement in swallowing function, adjustment of food texture, assistance with disease adaptation and effective access to health education information. ConclusionHealthcare professionals should thoroughly understand the psychological and needs of elderly patients with COPD-related dysphagia, and comprehensive nursing strategies should be developed and implemented to improve swallowing function and overall quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mitoxantrone liposome (MIT-LIP) combined chemotherapy in treating mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) .Methods:December 2021 to November 2024, MPAL patients who underwent the MAED (MIT-LIP + cytarabine + etoposide + dexamethasone) regimen were retrospectively analyzed. Data on clinical characteristics, adverse reactions, therapeutic outcomes, and long-term prognoses were collected.Results:A total of 7 MPAL patients who received MAED regimen were admitted. Among them, two patients were initially diagnosed with T-ALL or B-ALL, respectively, and transformed into AML after treatment. Three patients were initially diagnosed as MPAL (B/myeloid), one as MPAL (T/myeloid), and one with MPAL (myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cell). Among the 7 patients, there were 3 males and 4 females, 1 chromosome abnormalities and 6 gene abnormalities, including 1 case with BCR∷ABL fusion gene. The median age was 38 years (range: 16–58 years). There was no clear related drug allergy and organ toxicity during MAED regimen, and the main adverse effect was hematological toxicity. After induced chemotherapy, all patients achieved complete remission (CR), 2 maintained MRD-negative CR and 1 maintained MRD-positive CR. The other 4 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2 maintained MRD-negative CR, and 2 relapsed. The current median follow-up time was 12 months, the overall survival (OS) rate was 100%, the relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was 60%, and the median OS time and median RFS time were not reached.Conclusion:The MAED regimen demonstrates high safety and a favorable CR rate in MPAL treatment.

Objective To audit the coding of skin and soft tissue infection cases,identify specific types and causes of coding errors in order to explore strategies to enhance the accuracy of disease coding for these infections.Methods A retrospec-tive review was conducted on the medical records of 1 883 patients discharged with skin and soft tissue infections from January 2019 to December 2023.The discharge diagnosis codes were examined,with the errors types and causes statistically analyzed.Results Out of 1 883 cases,51 exhibited coding errors.The accuracy rate for gangrene coding was the lowest at 83.3%,fol-lowed by fasciitis at 91.9%.Conclusion To rectify coding errors in skin and soft tissue infections,it is essential to standardize clinical diagnostic terminology,optimize internal examination processes,enhance joint training,and establish effective communi-cation mechanisms between clinicians and coders.These measures will ensure the continuous improvement of coding quality.

Objective To explore the value of multimodal MRI combined with digital breast 3D tomography(DBT)in evaluating lymphatic vascular infiltration(LVI)in patients with invasive breast cancer-non special type(IBC-NST)mass type.Methods A total of 102 patients with IBC-NST mass type were divided into LVI group and non LVI group based on whether LVI occurred.The influencing factors of LVI were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression.Clinical value of multimodal MRI combined with DBT in evaluating LVI in patients with IBC-NST mass type were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Multivariate logistic analysis showed that apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value,maximum tumor diameter and peritumoral edema were independent risk factors for LVI in IBC-NST mass type(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of ADC value,maximum tumor diameter and peritumoral edema alone and in combination for LVI in patients with IBC-NST mass type were 0.749,0.655,0.638 and 0.791,respectively.Conclusion ADC value and its combined application model have high efficacy in evaluating LVI in patients with IBC-NST mass type.

Asthe standard for drafting standards,the Rules for Compiling National Standards for Pharmaceutical Excipients was first issued in the 2020 edition and then revised and re-issued in 2025.It has become an important technical specification for the pharmaceutical excipients standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and for the phar-maceutical excipients standards formulated by pharmaceutical companies for associated review and approval.This article focuses on introducing the working background,main framework and main characteristics of the Rules for Compiling National Standards for Pharmaceutical Excipients,aiming to help the drafters,reviewers and implement-ers of pharmaceutical excipients standards better understand and master them,so as to further improve the standard-ization of writing pharmaceutical excipients standards and enhance the level of standards formulation and revision of pharmaceutical excipients.

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between pelvic landmarks on body surface and the trajectory of S2 alar-iliac(S2AI)screws in populations of different genders and body mass indexes.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 150 patients who underwent pelvic CT scans in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between February 2022 and February 2024.Basic demographic data including age,gender,weight,and height were collected.Pelvic models were reconstructed by CT,and screw trajectories were simulated on the models.The screw trajectories were extended to intersect with the skin sur-face,and the intersection points of the safe trajectories with skin formed a safety zone on the body surface.The shortest distances from the anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS),anterior inferior iliac spine(AIIS),and greater trochanter(GT)to the safe zone were measured.The length of the line connecting ASIS and GT on the surface,length of such line intersecting with the safety zone,length from ASIS to the safety zone along such line,length from GT to the safety zone along such line were measured.Group comparisons were performed based on gender and BMI[underweight group(BMI＜18.50kg/m2),normal group(18.50kg/m2≤BMI＜24.00kg/m2),overweight group(24.00kg/m2≤BMI＜28.00kg/m2),obese group(BMI≥28.00kg/m2)].Results:In males,the shortest distances from ASIS,AIIS,and GT to the safe zone were 19.87±3.66mm,33.66±3.33mm,and 39.53±3.56mm,respectively;In females,they were 19.31±3.41mm,33.23±3.45mm,and 38.74±3.23mm,respectively.No statis-tically significant differences were observed between gender groups(P＞0.05).The shortest distance from ASIS,AIIS,GT to safety zone was 14.03±1.64mm,26.79±1.15mm,43.68±1.32mm in the underweight group,17.67±2.36mm,31.73±1.77mm,41.18±2.43mm in the normal group,21.85±1.37mm,35.78±1.76mm,36.80±1.68mm in the overweight group,and 25.66±0.84mm,38.75±0.88mm,and 36.80±1.68mm in the obese group,respec-tively.Intergroup comparisons between the four groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05),and pairwise com-parisons within groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).In males,the length of the line connecting ASIS and GT was 129.43±6.42mm,the length of the line intersecting with safety zone was 30.72±5.27mm,the length from ASIS to safety zone along the line was 33.61±8.82mm,and the length from GT to safety zone a-long the line was 69.14±11.46mm;In females,such lengths were 109.83±8.99mm,32.32±4.94mm,35.77±11.26mm,and 43.75±7.62mm,respectively,with significant differences between the two gender groups(P＜0.05);In the underweight group,such distances were 119.40±12.21mm,30.72±3.83mm,25.42±7.75mm,and 65.64±14.79mm;In the normal weight group,they were 122.98±10.91mm,30.29±4.29mm,35.01±10.22mm,and 60.58±13.43mm;In the overweight group,they were 117.52±13.70mm,32.12±6.27mm,36.92±8.27mm,and 51.42±18.38mm;In the obese group,they were 120.52±13.95mm,35.65±3.29mm,29.58±11.67mm,and 60.93±15.13mm.The length of the line connecting ASIS and GT showed no statistically significant difference be-tween weight subgroups(P＞0.05).However,the length of the line intersecting with the safety zone,the length from ASIS to the safety zone along the line,and the length from GT to the safety zone along the line exhib-ited statistically significant differences between subgroups(P＜0.05).Conclusions:All the S2AI screw safety channels targets a specific area on the body surface,and the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and greater trochanter(GT)passes through this safety zone,which can serve as an auxiliary landmark for plac-ing the S2AI screw.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mitoxantrone liposome (MIT-LIP) combined chemotherapy in treating mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) .Methods:December 2021 to November 2024, MPAL patients who underwent the MAED (MIT-LIP + cytarabine + etoposide + dexamethasone) regimen were retrospectively analyzed. Data on clinical characteristics, adverse reactions, therapeutic outcomes, and long-term prognoses were collected.Results:A total of 7 MPAL patients who received MAED regimen were admitted. Among them, two patients were initially diagnosed with T-ALL or B-ALL, respectively, and transformed into AML after treatment. Three patients were initially diagnosed as MPAL (B/myeloid), one as MPAL (T/myeloid), and one with MPAL (myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cell). Among the 7 patients, there were 3 males and 4 females, 1 chromosome abnormalities and 6 gene abnormalities, including 1 case with BCR∷ABL fusion gene. The median age was 38 years (range: 16–58 years). There was no clear related drug allergy and organ toxicity during MAED regimen, and the main adverse effect was hematological toxicity. After induced chemotherapy, all patients achieved complete remission (CR), 2 maintained MRD-negative CR and 1 maintained MRD-positive CR. The other 4 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2 maintained MRD-negative CR, and 2 relapsed. The current median follow-up time was 12 months, the overall survival (OS) rate was 100%, the relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was 60%, and the median OS time and median RFS time were not reached.Conclusion:The MAED regimen demonstrates high safety and a favorable CR rate in MPAL treatment.