To thoroughly implement the strategic deployment outlined in the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine regarding research on dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine and to uphold the development philosophy of equal emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine，the China Association of Chinese Medicine has fully played a leading academic role by systematically organizing and conducting a series of academic youth salons on clinical dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine. On September 13，2024，the 36^th Youth Salon on Clinical Dominant Diseases was successfully held in Nanjing，focusing on the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and the integrative traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED）. The conference brought together leading experts from traditional Chinese medicine，western medicine，and interdisciplinary fields，facilitating in-depth multidisciplinary discussions that led to key consensus on optimizing traditional Chinese medicine treatment protocols for ED，researching and developing new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，and advancing interdisciplinary development in traditional Chinese medicine. This salon systematically sorted out the clinical strengths and distinctive features of traditional Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of ED. Based on current research foundations and clinical needs，it identified key directions for future scientific layout and scientific research tackling： （1） Standardization of syndrome differentiation system of traditional Chinese medicine for ED. （2） Optimization and standardization of intervention methods of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. （3） High-quality clinical research guided by evidence-based medicine. （4） In-depth analysis of the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ED. （5） Clinical translation and application promotion of new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine. （6） Interdisciplinary integration and innovation in traditional Chinese medicine. For each research direction，key focus areas，expected objectives，and clinical value were further refined，along with the establishment of a scientifically sound priority funding level evaluation system. Therefore，building on the series of salons on the ED-focused dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine，this paper provides standardized guidance for clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine in ED management，effectively contributing to the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine. It serves as a valuable reference for national scientific and technological strategic layout， research and development decision-making in new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine，research topic planning，and clinical guideline formulation.

ObjectiveTo explore the differences in attention to the sub-dimensions of satisfaction with the quality of assistive devices among people with different self-care abilities in China, identify the key driving factors, and provide a basis for the precision design and service provision of assistive devices. MethodsBased on the 2023 national survey data, involving 14 030 people with functional impairments, self-care ability was taken as the core independent variable, eight sub-dimensions of satisfaction as dependent variables, and variables such as gender, age, educational level and residential type were controlled. Univariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction, and a binary Logistic regression model was constructed to identify influencing factors. Meanwhile, reliability and validity tests, endogeneity tests (instrumental variable method and propensity score matching) and heterogeneity tests were conducted. ResultsAmong the eight satisfaction sub-dimensions, six presented significant inter-group differences, with Bonferroni correction (threshold = 0.00625). Following binary Logistic regression and endogeneity correction, significant inter-group heterogeneity was confirmed in dimensions such as size and shape. For the affordability dimension, the main effect of self-care ability was not statistically significant, yet prominent urban-rural heterogeneity was observed. Specifically, taking the fully independent (self-care) group as the reference, the fully dependent group attached significantly greater importance to safety (B = 0.253, P < 0.001), comfort (B = 0.153, P = 0.001) and ease of use (B = 0.316, P < 0.001); the partially dependent group showed the highest level of attention to lightweight (B = 0.094, P = 0.027) and durability (B = 0.254, P < 0.001); and the fully independent group demonstrated a relatively stronger preference for aesthetics. ConclusionStratified functional demands, driven by self-care ability, exist in the satisfaction of individuals with functional impairments with assistive devices in China. The policy formulation and product design of assistive devices should shift to a precision-oriented paradigm: prioritize the guarantee of safety, comfort and ease of use for fully dependent groups, optimize lightweight performance and durability for partially dependent groups, enhance aesthetics and social acceptance for fully independent groups, roll out price subsidy policies for urban price-sensitive groups, and strengthen the supply of core functional services for rural groups. This approach will comprehensively improve the adaptation effectiveness of assistive devices and the well-being of users.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections have emerged as a serious challenge of global public health crisis. The overuse and misuse of conventional antibiotics have dramatically accelerated the emergence, evolution and worldwide spread of drug-resistant bacterial strains, necessitating urgent exploration of novel antibacterial strategies. Bacteriophages serve as natural bacterial predators offering distinct advantages including high host specificity, autonomous self-replication capabilities and cost-effective large-scale production. However, wild-type phages present significant clinical limitations due to their narrow host ranges, susceptibility to rapid immune clearance and poor penetration of bacterial biofilms, which severely restrict their therapeutic applications. The convergence of synthetic biology, nanotechnology and advanced gene editing technologies has accelerated the development of engineered bacteriophage platforms, providing programmable, scalable and clinically translatable pathways to overcome these inherent biological constraints. Here, we systematically delineate four fundamental strategies for engineered bacteriophage development. Chemical modification utilizes reactive functional groups such as amino, carboxyl and thiol moieties on capsid proteins through esterification, amidation or click chemistry reactions to achieve precise drug conjugation and surface functionalization. In vivo editing encompasses ultraviolet or chemical mutagenesis for random mutation induction, homologous recombination for targeted genetic alterations, recombineering methodologies including electroporation-mediated bacteriophage recombination engineering, and CRISPR-Cas systems for precise genome editing to enable exact genetic reconstruction and host range reprogramming. In vitro synthesis leverages genome engineering platforms where intact phage genomes are transferred into yeast or host bacteria to facilitate highly efficient homologous recombination, enabling large DNA fragment assembly and cross-gene host range expansion without bacterial toxicity constraints. Directed evolution combines artificial selection through mutation library screening with rational design approaches involving chimeric receptor binding protein construction or site-specific mutagenesis, effectively balancing the discovery of unknown adaptive pathways with targeted host specificity modification. Moreover, we comprehensively discuss therapeutic applications across diverse clinical scenarios. Engineered bacteriophage effectively disrupt bacterial biofilms through sophisticated functionalized delivery platforms including nanozyme-conjugated phages, phage-liposome nanoconjugates and bio-responsive hydrogels, demonstrating significantly enhanced bactericidal efficiency compared to unmodified free phages. These bioengineered vectors attenuate bacterial virulence and resensitize pathogens to antibiotics by delivering CRISPR-Cas systems or base editors to disrupt critical virulence factors such as pili, capsule synthesis machineries and quorum sensing systems, or by inactivating antibiotic resistance determinants including beta-lactamase genes. As an intelligent nanomedicine delivery platform, engineered bacteriophage enable precise pathogen elimination an through photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation, immunomodulatory interventions, or controlled release of antibacterial drugs. Furthermore, oral administration of engineered bacteriophage facilitates microbiota modulation, which selectively eliminate intestinal pathogens while preserve beneficial commensal microbiota, thereby restoring microbial community balance and preventing complications associated with dysbiosis. Finally, we critically analyze persistent challenges including host strain matching complexity, evolution of bacterial resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetic optimization requirements, optimal administration route selection, large-scale production quality control standards and clinical dosing determination protocols. Through multidisciplinary integration of synthetic biology, infectious disease medicine and immunology, future translational medicine studies of bacteriophage should establish comprehensive technical platforms encompassing rapid phage screening, intelligent rational design, rigorous in vivo evaluation and standardized clinical validation processes, ultimately advancing engineered bacteriophage from laboratory innovations to clinically approved therapeutics for effectively combating MDR bacterial infections.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is higher among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of MASLD in patients with IBD may occur independently of traditional metabolic risk factors, suggesting a unique pathophysiological mechanism distinct from conventional MASLD pathways. Bile acids (BAs), which act as critical signaling molecules in enterohepatic circulation, play an essential role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis through bidirectional gut–liver axis communication. These molecules are increasingly recognized as pivotal regulators in the progression of both MASLD and IBD. While previous studies have characterized the dynamics of BA in blood or fecal samples under both conditions, a comprehensive understanding of their metabolic profiles and the associated interactions within the gut–liver axis is still lacking. This review synthesizes current evidence from studies employing BA metabolomics to investigate IBD and MASLD. By focusing on BA signatures, we summarize conserved alterations between these two conditions and their potential mechanisms of disease progression. Our review advances understanding of BA-mediated pathways in IBD and MASLD, providing a foundation for assessing their roles in contributing to the pathogenesis of MASLD in patients with IBD.

To investigate the correlation between vitamin D nutritional status and insulin resistance in pubertal adolescents.

To investigate body composition and associated factors in adolescents undergoing long-term regular sports training.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the targeting effect of folic acid-modified crebanine nanoparticles （FA-Cre@PEG- PLGA NPs， hereinafter referred to as “NPs”） combined with ultrasound irradiation on M109 cells in vitro and in vivo after administration， and explore the anti-tumor mechanism. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation on the proliferation of M109 cells， and the best ultrasound time was selected. Using human lung cancer A549 cells as a control， the targeting of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation to M109 cells was evaluated by free folic acid blocking assay and cell uptake assay. The effects of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation on the migration， invasion， apoptosis， cell cycle and reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels of M109 cells were detected by cell scratch test， Transwell chamber test and flow cytometry at 1 h after 958401536@qq.com administration； the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） were observed by fluorescence inverted microscope. A mouse subcutaneous tumor model of M109 cells was constructed， and the in vivo tumor targeting of NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation was investigated by small animal in vivo imaging technology. RESULTS NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation could significantly inhibit the proliferation of M109 cells， and the optimal ultrasound time was 1 h after administration. The free folic acid could antagonize the inhibitory effect of NPs on the proliferation of M109 cells， and combined with ultrasound irradiation could partially reverse this antagonism. Compared with A549 cells， the uptake rate of NPs in M109 cells was significantly higher （P＜0.01）， and ultrasound irradiation could promote cellular uptake. NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation could inhibit the migration and invasion of M109 cells and block the cell cycle in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Compared with control group， the apoptosis rate of M109 cells and ROS level were increased significantly （P＜0.01）， while the MMP decreased significantly （P＜0.01） in the different concentration （100， 200， 300 μg/mL） groups of M109 cells. Compared with the mice in non-ultrasound group， the fluorescence intensity and tumor-targeting index of the tumor site in the 0 h ultrasound group were significantly enhanced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS NPs combined with ultrasound irradiation have a strong targeting effect on M109 cells in vitro and in vivo， the anti-tumor mechanism includes inhibiting cell migration and invasion， blocking cell cycle， and inducing apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the radiographic changes of calcification of transverse atlantal ligament by clinical case study and improve the understanding of it.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed to identify the clinical cases of transverse atlantebral ligament calcification. Eleven cases in the orthopedic department of our hospital from January 2015 to December 2022 were identifiled.Results:In this study, a total of 11 patients with calcification of atlas transverse ligament, which showed crowned dens sign (CDSig). Five patients were males and 6 were females, with an average age of 79.9 years (70~89 years). The average follow-up time was 44.7 months (14~89 months), 7 cases had no significant change in calcification, and 4 patients had aggravated calcification. These 11 patients accounted for 28 clinical visits in total, with the primary reasons for consultation as follows: 7 visits were related to cerebrovascular diseases, 6 visits were due to respiratory diseases, 5 visits were for surgical conditions. None of the patients reported a history of "acute neck pain".Conclusion:When patients with CDSig are complicated by acute neck pain, crowned dens syndrome should be considered on the basis of exclusion of malignant diseases such as meningitis. Calcification of the transverse atlanto-vertebral ligament is closely related to age, and calcification develops slowly, and may become worse with age.

Objective:To investigate the association between peak growth hormone(GH) levels and body fat mass as well as body fat percentage in children with short stature.Methods:This retrospective study included 477 children diagnosed with short stature at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between January 2021 and November 2024, based on data from the Growth and Development Disease Follow-up Cohort Study(GDDSD) in Shandong Province. Clinical data including anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, and body composition were collected. The relationship between GH peak and body fat mass and percentage were analyzed using smooth curve fitting and multiple piecewise linear regression models.Results:In univariate linear regression analysis, both body fat mass and body fat percentage were positively correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, total body water, protein, and skeletal muscle mass(all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with GH peak and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a nonlinear relationship was observed between GH peak and both body fat mass and body fat percentage, with inflection points at 6.80 ng/mL and 7.75 ng/mL, respectively. When GH peak was below the inflection point, it was significantly negatively correlated with body fat mass and percentage( P<0.001). However, when GH peak exceeded the inflection point, the associations were no longer statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusions:This study demonstrates a nonlinear relationship between peak GH levels and body fat percentage in children with short stature. At lower GH peaks, both body fat mass and body fat percentage increase significantly, which may contribute to an elevated future risk of cardiovascular disease.

In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics.Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges.A two-dimensional(2D)liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium(CMS).A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated.For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS,a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution(HR)mass spectrum database of CMS components was established.The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library(PCDL)software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening.On this basis,the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned.The molecular formula,group composition,and origins of a total of 99 compounds,of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95％of CMS components,were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL.This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h,providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.