Background/Aims: Colorectal polyp detection during colonoscopy is influenced by the lesion location, size, morphology, and histology. However, no studies have systematically assessed the difficulty of detection along the short axis of the intestinal lumen. This study aimed to evaluate the colorectal polyp detection rates on this axis during colonoscopy. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 1,169 polyps in 513 patients who underwent colonoscopy at Showa University Hospital between November 2022 and February 2023. The short-axis lumen was divided into: upper right, lower right, lower left, and upper left. Each polyp detected was assigned to a quadrant. Detection rates were compared across quadrants and analyzed for associations with clinicopathological factors including lesion size, location, macroscopic type, and examiner experience. Results: The lesion detection rates varied significantly by quadrant. The upper left quadrant had the lowest detection rate (17.5%) compared with the expected 25.0% per quadrant. Subgroup analyses consistently confirmed the lower detection rates in this quadrant across most lesion types and patient groups, except for lesions in the cecum and rectum. Conclusions The lower detection rate in the upper left quadrant suggests that this orientation poses a challenge and may increase the number of missed lesions. Enhanced examination of this area may improve detection; however, further prospective studies are required.

Objective: This study aimed to assess gynecologic oncologists (GOs)’ perceptions and attitudes toward cancer survivorship to help improve survivor care. Methods: We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey about survivorship issues for the GOs belonging to the Japan Gynecologic Oncology Group. We analyzed the proactiveness of the participants toward addressing 25 survivor issues. In addition, the practice patterns and barriers to care for survivors’ long-term health issues, such as second primary cancer (SPC) and lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD), and return-to-work (RTW) support were assessed. Results: We received 313 responses. The respondents had a mean of 22 years of physician experience. The ratio of men to women was approximately 7:3, and 84.7% worked at facilities for multidisciplinary cancer treatment. The respondents’ proactiveness for addressing psychosocial problems was significantly lower than physical and gynecological issues (p<0.01 by χ2 test). However, most GOs tried to contribute to such issues according to patients’ demands. Women GOs were more proactively involved in some survivorship issues than the men (p<0.05 by logistic regression analysis). The rates of the respondents who proactively discussed SPC, LSRD, and RTW were unexpectedly high (60.7%, 36.1%, and 52.4%, respectively). However, the GOs only provided verbal support for these issues in many cases. Conclusion The Japanese GOs were enthusiastic about survivorship care. However, their tendency to deal with survivors’ problems through their own knowledge and judgments raises concerns about the quality of care. Therefore, creating survivorship care guidelines and enhancing multidisciplinary collaboration should be prioritized.

Background/Aims: Rosemont classification (RC) with en-doscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is important for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis (CP) but is based only on subjective judgement. EUS shear wave measurement (EUS-SWM) is a precise modality based on objective judgment, but its usefulness has not been extensively studied yet. This study evaluated the utility of EUS-SWM for diagnosing CP and esti-mating CP severity by determining the presence of endocrine dysfunction along with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Between June 2018 and December 2018, 52 patients who underwent EUS and EUS-SWM were classified into two groups according to RC: non-CP (indeterminate CP and normal) and CP (consistent and suggestive of CP). The EUSSWM value by shear wave velocity was evaluated with a me-dian value. The EUS-SWM value was compared with RC and the number of EUS features. The diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value of EUS-SWM for CP and DM and its sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: The EUS-SWM value significantly positively correlated with the RC and the number of EUS features. The EUS-SWM values that were consistent and suggestive of CP were significantly higher than that of normal. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-SWM for CP was 0.97. The cutoff value of 2.19 had 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity. For endocrine dysfunction in CP, the AUROC was 0.75. The cutoff value of 2.78 had 70% sensitiv-ity and 56% specificity. Conclusions EUS-SWM provides an objective assessment and can be an alternative diagnostic tool for diagnosing CP. EUS-SWM may also be useful for pre-dicting the presence of endocrine dysfunction.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In clinical practice, colonoscopy has been regarded as the gold standard for the evaluation of disease severity as well as mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (UC). Some activity indices incorporating patient symptoms as parameters have been shown to reflect the endoscopic activity of UC. The aim of this study was to examine whether self-reported symptoms with visual analog scales (VAS) can predict endoscopic activity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 150 UC patients who underwent colonoscopy with submission of VAS scores of 4 symptoms: general condition, bloody stools, stool form, and abdominal pain (0: no symptoms, 10: the most severe symptoms). Each VAS score was compared with colonoscopic activity assessed with the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES). RESULTS: All VAS scores were significantly correlated with the endoscopic severity (Spearman correlation coefficients of general condition, bloody stools, stool form, and abdominal pain: 0.63, 0.64, 0.58, and 0.43, respectively). Mucosal healing defined as MES 0 alone was predicted by VAS score < 1.5 on general condition or 0 on bloody stools with sensitivity of 0.84 and 0.76 and specificity of 0.66 and 0.76, respectively. Additionally, VAS score < 2.5 on stool form predicted active lesions in distal colorectum alone with sensitivity of 0.67 and specificity of 0.66, suggesting that this item could predict the indication of topical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported VAS scores on symptoms were correlated with endoscopic activity of UC. To clarify the relationship between VAS and mucosal healing, further validation studies are needed.
Abdominal Pain ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Colonoscopy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ulcer* ; Visual Analog Scale*

PURPOSE: Mumps vaccine has not been included in the routine national immunization program in Japan, leading to low vaccine coverage rates and periodic epidemics approximately every 5 years. Our hospital (a secondary community hospital in Japan) experienced an increased number of mumps-related complications with a nationwide epidemic in 2016. Using previously reported data and mumps-related cases in our hospital, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of routine mumps vaccination in Japan with a static model using current epidemiologic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With a decision tree flowchart of mumps infection and adverse events, we estimated the burden of mumps-related complications in our hospital for 5 years, and calculated the current annual national burden. Finally, we compared the current burden and assumptive burden of the stable state after routine vaccination in Japan using a static model. RESULTS: The cost-benefit ratios with sensitivity analysis were 3.69 (1.08-9.52) and 6.84 (1.51-23.73) in independent inoculation and simultaneous inoculation, respectively, from a social perspective in addition to an annual gain of 9,487 (3,227-14,659) quality adjusted life years. CONCLUSION: We contributed additional evidence in terms of cost-effectiveness that routine mumps vaccination should be introduced in Japan with simultaneous inoculation.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Decision Trees ; Hospitals, Community* ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Japan* ; Mumps Vaccine ; Mumps* ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Software Design ; Vaccination*

Background: Development in internet technology enables e-learning at the higher education level. We have developed the Internet PBL-Tutorial System/Rakuichi that allows multi-directional communication among participants with web-based bulletin boards. Although this system has been successful in medical education at the undergraduate level, we sought to encourage “readonly members” to participate more fully in the program. Methods: To this end, we compared the posting frequency among three strategies: (1) students and tutors had an off-site meeting to promote face-to-face communication during the course, (2) several classes were allowed to watch the discussion in other classes in the second half of the course, (3) three classes (5 – 6 students each) in one topic were combined into one class (16 students) in the second half. Results: No meaningful effects were observed for strategies (1) or (2). However, the posting frequency increased 50 % for strategy (3). Conclusion: Facilitation of communication among participants was achieved by increasing the number of student participants. We predicted that an optimal number of students in each class in internet-based PBL would be ~20 people.

Recent advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic technologies have caused dramatic changes in treatment strategy for esophageal cancer patients. In this lecture, we will introduce the advances in multimodal treatment for esophageal cancer, based on our own experiences. 1. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (DCF) for node-positive esophageal cancer. Recently, in Japan, an efficacy of NAC for resectable advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus has been reported. DCF is expected to be a powerful alternative to cisplatin/5-fluorouracil. Our experience on neoadjuvant or induction DCF will be demonstrated. 2. Efficacy and safety of salvage esophagectomy after dCRT. Salvage esophagectomy is an almost only method to cure the patients with local failure after dCRT, although high mortality and morbidity rates have been reported. We performed 40 cases of salvage esophagectomy during the last 7 years and no hospital mortality has been experienced. Benefit of salvage surgery and procedures to decrease surgical risk will be discussed. 3. Basic research for individualized treatment. If an individualized treatment strategy can be established based on some predictive markers, both improved survival and preserved quality of life will be realized. We will demonstrate the possibility of epigenetic analysis (e.g., LINE-1 methylation level) as biomarkers to predict patient prognosis.

OBJECTIVEExposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is considered to have culminated between 1950 and 1970 in Japan, and exposure through diet, the major exposure route, has decreased significantly over the last 10 years. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the long-term trends and congener profiles of serum and dietary levels of PCBs using historical samples.

METHODSUsing banked samples collected in 1980, 1995, and 2003 surveys, we determined the daily intakes and serum concentrations of 13 PCB congeners (#74, #99, #118, #138, #146, #153, #156, #163, #164, #170, #180, #182, and #187) in women.

RESULTSThe total daily PCB intake [ng/day, geometric mean (geometric standard deviation)] decreased significantly from 523 (2.5) in 1980 to 63 (3.2) in 2003. The serum total PCB level (ng/g lipid) in women <40 years of age decreased significantly from 185 (1.8) in 1980 to 68 (1.8) in 2003. In contrast, the level in women >50 years of age increased significantly from 125 (1.7) in 1980 to 242 (1.7) in 2003. Specifically, the serum concentrations of hexa (#138, #146, #153, #156, #163, and #164) and hepta (#170, #180, #182, and #187) congeners increased significantly. A comparison of the serum PCB levels of women born from 1940 to 1953 revealed that their serum total PCB level was significantly higher in the 2003 survey [242 (1.7), n = 9] than in the 1995 [128 (2.0), n = 17] surveys. This increase in the total PCB level was attributable to increases in the hepta congener groups.

CONCLUSIONPresent results suggest a decreased rate of elimination of hepta congeners with aging in females, rather than a birth-generation phenomenon.

We have organized the Seminar and Workshop for Medical Education (SWME) 10 times from 2000 through 2003. More than 1, 200 persons have participated, including teachers, physicians, students, and simulated patients. The themes of the SWME have included a problem-based learning tutorial system, medical interview skills, objective structured clinical examinations, medical ethics, advanced cardiac life support/basic life support, evidence-based medicine, coaching technology, medical English education, and crisis management education. Invited lecturers from throughout the country organized most of these workshops. Advantages of the SWME are two-fold:(1) improving the medical teaching skills of each participant and (2) scouting for good young lecturers. Workshop reports are published in our annual monographs and other materials. The present paper is a historical review of the SWME and also describes the nationwide scope of faculty development.

To increase the safety and effectiveness of clinical clerkships, we have developed a 4-week preclinical training program, “Problem-Based Clinical Training, ” based on the concept of problem-based learning with the aim of encouraging life-long self-directed learning. The first week is a preparation period for clinical practice in which students are trained in problem-solving skills, basic-practice skills, and clinical reasoning. The second and third weeks are a practical training period in which students learn how be in charge of a patient's care. The fourth week was a problem-solving period without practical training in which students learned to solve problems. The students were encouraged to record daily “problem notes” describing problems and “problem solving notes” summarizing problems solved. To emphasize lessons learned, the students also presented and discussed problems. Evidence-based medicine was used as a tool for problem solving. Furthermore, medical record training based on the problem-oriented system using evaluations by other students encouraged self-development to improve clinical practice and the medical record. This curriculum should be effective for mastering the skills of self-directed learning and for motivating for advancement due to consideration of contributable proposals for the patients.