Objective To analyze the metabolic changes of myocardial tissue in rats under acute exposure to macleaya cordata by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS),explore forensic identifications of its characteristic metabolites,and verify its toxicological mechanism in poisoning cases.Methods The rats in the exposure group were given 382 mg/kg macleaya extract solution by gavage,and the rats in the control group were given the same dose of solvent.The myocardial samples were analyzed by GC-MS,and pattern recognition was conducted through partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLSDA).The differential metabolites with characteristic changes were identified by variable importance projection(VIP value＞1)and Student's t test(P＜0.01).Results Compared with the control group,21 potential characteristic metabolites were identified.Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,it was found that these metabolites were mainly involved in the pathways of glycine,serine and threonine metabolism;pyruvate metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism.Conclusion Through the study of myocardial metabolism in rats exposed to macleaya cordata,we found the information on metabolites closely related to poisoning,which provides new insight and reference for studies on the mechanisms of macleaya cordata poisoning in the field of forensic medicine.

Objective To study the feasibility of using morphological changes of bronchioles and lymph nodes in rats for estimating the postmortem interval(PMI).Methods Thirty-five 8-week-old male SD rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and placed in a constant temperature and humidity box.Lung tissues of 5 rats were extracted at each time point within 24 hours after death for routine HE and PHH3 immunohistochemical staining.Image J was used to measure mucosal area,extramucosal area,luminal area of small bronchi,Then calculate the ratio of mucosal area to luminal area,extramucosal area to extramucosal,extramucosal area to mucosal area.imageJIHCprofiler was used to measure the positive degree of PHH3 immunohistochemical staining in lymph node nuclei,and the above calculation results and the positive degree of PHH3 staining were statistically analyzed by GraphPad Prism 9.5.Results The ratio of mucosal area to lumen area showed an overall downward trend with the increase of PMI(0h was statistically different compared with 18h and 24h,P<0.05).The ratio of extramucosal to lumen area and extramucosal to mucosa area showed an upward trend with the increase of PMI(0h was statistically different from other time points,P<0.05),the positive degree of PHH3 immunohistochemical staining was significantly decreased at 24 h after death(P<0.05).Conclusion The morphological changes of pulmonary bronchiole and lymph nodes showed a certain regularity within 24h after death,which was helpful to infer the early PMI,lymph node nucleus PHH3 was expected to be a critical index to distinguish early and late PMI.

Objective To study the feasibility of using morphological changes of bronchioles and lymph nodes in rats for estimating the postmortem interval(PMI).Methods Thirty-five 8-week-old male SD rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and placed in a constant temperature and humidity box.Lung tissues of 5 rats were extracted at each time point within 24 hours after death for routine HE and PHH3 immunohistochemical staining.Image J was used to measure mucosal area,extramucosal area,luminal area of small bronchi,Then calculate the ratio of mucosal area to luminal area,extramucosal area to extramucosal,extramucosal area to mucosal area.imageJIHCprofiler was used to measure the positive degree of PHH3 immunohistochemical staining in lymph node nuclei,and the above calculation results and the positive degree of PHH3 staining were statistically analyzed by GraphPad Prism 9.5.Results The ratio of mucosal area to lumen area showed an overall downward trend with the increase of PMI(0h was statistically different compared with 18h and 24h,P<0.05).The ratio of extramucosal to lumen area and extramucosal to mucosa area showed an upward trend with the increase of PMI(0h was statistically different from other time points,P<0.05),the positive degree of PHH3 immunohistochemical staining was significantly decreased at 24 h after death(P<0.05).Conclusion The morphological changes of pulmonary bronchiole and lymph nodes showed a certain regularity within 24h after death,which was helpful to infer the early PMI,lymph node nucleus PHH3 was expected to be a critical index to distinguish early and late PMI.

extensive injury group.The intelligence quotient level of left frontal lobe group was lower than that of the right;PIQ of right temporal lobe group was lower than that of the left,VIQ of right temporal lobe group was higher than that of the left(P

Objective To find out the main target organs, their main pathological changes and to explore the toxic mechanism of the macleaya cordata. Method SD rats were intoxicated by oral administration with extracts of macleaya cordata followed by pathological and electromicroscopic examination of main organs. Results The LD50 was 19.5% when 1.5g/ml macleaya cordata extract was oral administrated. All pocsoned rat's serum GPT, Cr, BUN, CK, CK-MB increased markedly. The EKG were abnormal. The weight of brain, liver, spleen, and kidneys decreased significantly. There were extensive congestion and hemorrhage in heart, brain, liver and kidneys. The mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane of the rat's heart, brain, liver, and kidney were destroyed. Conclusion The results indicated that the toxic target organs of macleaya cordata were the heart, brain, liver and kidneys mainly. The toxic mechanism of macleaya cordata poisoning was the damage of the mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane directly causd by the macleaya cordata.

Objective To study the mechanism of the rat’s myocardium induced by macleaya cordata. Methods36 SD rats were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups treated by macleaya cordata decoction with a dose of 1/6 LD50, 1/3 LD50 respectively and a control group treated with distilled water by oral administration. The rats were killed 6 hours after the administration for taking the cardiac muscle to examine the Ca2+.Mg2+-ATPase, SDH while observing the structures. ResoultsIn the group treated by macleaya cordata with dose of 1/6 LD50, the activity of Ca2+.Mg2+-ATPase and SDH were increased significantly.However, the groups treated by macleaya cordata with dose of 1/3 LD50 and distilled water, the activity of Ca2+.Mg2+-ATPase,SDH showed no significant change. The apoptosise in myocardium cells of rat’s can be observed in the experimental groups,while the changes were not seen in control group. ConclusionThe results indicate that the macleaye cordata can induce and improve the apoptosis of myocardium cells in low dose, and these effects may be induced by stimulating the activity of Ca2+.Mg2+-ATPase,SDH in myocardium cells.