Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on respiratory function,cough ability and swal-lowing function in patients with Parkinson's disease,and to compare the efficacy of different types of exercise in-terventions.Methods After constructing a PICO framework,randomized controlled trials(RCT)investigating the effects of exercise on respiratory function in Parkinson's disease were retrieved from Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP and CBM databases from the establishment of the databases to July 25th,2025.The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 5.1.0 and PEDro scale.RevMan 5.3 was used to create risk of bias graphs,and Stata 17.0 was used for meta-analysis.Results A total of eleven RCT involving 471 patients were included,with PEDro scale score of five to eight.Exercise in-terventions significantly improved forced vital capacity(FVC)(MD=0.42,95%CI 0.27 to 0.58,P<0.001),forced expiratory volume in first second(MD=0.32,95%CI 0.24 to 0.39,P<0.001),slow vital capacity(MD=0.80,95%CI 0.68 to 0.93,P<0.001),maximal inspiratory pressure(MD=11.53,95%CI 7.45 to 15.60,P<0.001),maximal expiratory pressure(MEP)(MD=16.75,95%CI 11.90 to 21.60,P<0.001),and peak expiratory flow(MD=55.77,95%CI 49.87 to 61.66,P<0.001)in patients with Parkinson's disease.Respiratory muscle training(RMT)significantly improved reflex peak cough flow(MD=3.51,95%CI 2.40 to 4.61,P<0.001)and voluntary peak cough flow(MD=3.09,95%CI 2.12 to 4.06,P<0.001).Subgroup analysis revealed that RMT was superior to non-ventilatory specific exercise(NVS)in improving MEP(P<0.05),whereas NVS was superi-or to RMT in improving FVC(P<0.05).Conclusion Exercise interventions can effectively improve respiratory function in patients with Parkinson's disease.NVS shows better efficacy in improving pulmonary function,while RMT can enhance cough ability,with more significant effect on respiratory muscle strength.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and the occurrence of diabetes complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 11 provinces in China.Methods:A total of 4 832 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 60 surveillance sites in 11 provinces where national surveillance for chronic diseases and risk factors was conducted in 2010 were selected as the study participants, and a follow-up survey was conducted in 3 516 persons from 2016 to 2017, finally 3 427 patients were included in the analysis after excluding those data exception and incomplete data. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evalaute the association between HbA1c level and the risk for diabetes complications (macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and diabetic foot), and subgroup analyses were conducted according to the baseline characteristics of the study participants, such as age, gender and smoking status.Results:A total of 3 427 study participants were included in final analysis of the follow up for an average of 6.2 years, in whom 395 suffered from macroangiopathy, 226 suffered from microangiopathy, and 57 suffered from diabetic foot later during the follow-up period. After adjusting for relevant confounders, using the HbA1c <7.0% as a reference, there was no increased risk for macrovascular lesions in the those with HbA1c levels of 7.0%-, 7.5%-, 8.0%-8.4%, and the risk for macrovascular lesions increased by 38% in those with HbA1c ≥8.5% ( HR=1.38,95% CI:1.06-1.80); the risk for microangiopathies increased by 131% ( HR=2.31,95% CI:1.46-3.65), 206%( HR=3.06,95% CI:1.91-4.90) and 208% ( HR=3.08,95% CI:2.20-4.30) in those with HbA1c levels of 7.5%-, 8.0%-, ≥8.5%, respectively; and the risk for diabetic foot increased by 253% ( HR=3.53, 95% CI: 1.89-6.59) in those with HbA1c level ≥8.5%. Subgroup analyses revealed an effect modifying effect of different diabetes diagnosis situations (previously diagnosed and newly diagnosed) on HbA1c level and the risk for microangiopathy. Conclusions:HbA1c level ≥7.5% would increase the risk for microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the higher the level, the higher the risk, and HbA1c level ≥8.5% would increase the risk for macrovascular lesions and diabetic foot. It is necessary to strengthen the health education in diabetic patients to improve their awareness of blood glucose management and the importance of HbA1c level control to effectively reduce or delay the diabetes complications.

Objective:To understand the status and influencing factors of social isolation in elderly individuals with chronic diseases.Methods:A multi-stage sampling method was used to select elderly individuals from eight communities or villages in Hefei from July to September 2022. The study employed a general information survey, the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) , the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) , the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) , and the Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCS-16) . Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing social isolation in elderly individuals with chronic diseases.Results:A total of 1 133 elderly individuals were surveyed, among which 538 had chronic diseases. Among the 538 elderly individuals with chronic diseases, 209 were socially isolated, resulting in a social isolation rate of 38.8%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that living area, fear of falling, depression, social capital, and social support were significant factors influencing social isolation ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The social isolation rate among elderly individuals with chronic diseases is high. Special attention should be given to elderly individuals living in rural areas, those who fear falling, and those experiencing depression. Additionally, improving social capital and social support can help alleviate social isolation in these elderly individuals.

Objective:To address the inefficiency, safety hazards, and resource wastage in traditional medical laboratory management, this study proposes a digital laboratory information management system (LIMS) based on Total Quality Management (TQM) principles. The LIMS has been implemented at the National Center for Geriatric Medicine (Huashan) affiliated with Fudan University.Methods:Centered on the principles of " all-staff participation, whole-process control, and comprehensive management", a multidimensional management framework was developed to integrate personnel, equipment, reagents, and safety protocols. The system incorporated IoT, digital twin, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to achieve end-to-end digital control. A layered architecture (physical layer, data layer, model layer, etc.) was designed to integrate functional modules such as full lifecycle equipment management, dual-authentication for hazardous chemicals, and intelligent resource scheduling. A 3D digital twin model was deployed to visualize real-time laboratory operations.Results:Post-implementation, equipment reservation frequency and usage duration at the National Center increased by 114% and 124%, respectively, with no safety incidents reported. Equipment sharing utilization reached 85%, and reagent expiration waste decreased by 30%.Conclusions:The system transforms laboratory management from experience-driven to data-driven by breaking data silos and optimizing collaboration mechanisms. It provides a replicable technical pathway and practical insights for the healthcare industry′s digital transformation. However, further improvements are needed in mobile support and system scalability.

Colon cancer is a complex disease characterized by the impairment of body,qi and spirit,as well as the establishment of a tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)induced by chronic stress.Chronic stress is classified as a micro-level mental disorder,while TIME serves as the biological foundation for qi disorders.The observable manifestation of colon cancer is the tangible representation of physical disease.The interconnected mechanism of"chronic stress-TIME-colon cancer"aligns with the traditional Chinese medicine's understanding of disease as involving the interplay between the body,qi and spirit.In treatment,we should cooperate to improve the"regulating mind"of chronic stress and reshape the"invigorating qi"of TIME,and finally achieve the purpose of shape treatment to delay the progression of colon cancer.The paper is to provide new insights into the treatment of colon cancer with traditional Chinese medicine.

Colon cancer is a complex disease characterized by the impairment of body,qi and spirit,as well as the establishment of a tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)induced by chronic stress.Chronic stress is classified as a micro-level mental disorder,while TIME serves as the biological foundation for qi disorders.The observable manifestation of colon cancer is the tangible representation of physical disease.The interconnected mechanism of"chronic stress-TIME-colon cancer"aligns with the traditional Chinese medicine's understanding of disease as involving the interplay between the body,qi and spirit.In treatment,we should cooperate to improve the"regulating mind"of chronic stress and reshape the"invigorating qi"of TIME,and finally achieve the purpose of shape treatment to delay the progression of colon cancer.The paper is to provide new insights into the treatment of colon cancer with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on respiratory function,cough ability and swal-lowing function in patients with Parkinson's disease,and to compare the efficacy of different types of exercise in-terventions.Methods After constructing a PICO framework,randomized controlled trials(RCT)investigating the effects of exercise on respiratory function in Parkinson's disease were retrieved from Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP and CBM databases from the establishment of the databases to July 25th,2025.The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 5.1.0 and PEDro scale.RevMan 5.3 was used to create risk of bias graphs,and Stata 17.0 was used for meta-analysis.Results A total of eleven RCT involving 471 patients were included,with PEDro scale score of five to eight.Exercise in-terventions significantly improved forced vital capacity(FVC)(MD=0.42,95%CI 0.27 to 0.58,P<0.001),forced expiratory volume in first second(MD=0.32,95%CI 0.24 to 0.39,P<0.001),slow vital capacity(MD=0.80,95%CI 0.68 to 0.93,P<0.001),maximal inspiratory pressure(MD=11.53,95%CI 7.45 to 15.60,P<0.001),maximal expiratory pressure(MEP)(MD=16.75,95%CI 11.90 to 21.60,P<0.001),and peak expiratory flow(MD=55.77,95%CI 49.87 to 61.66,P<0.001)in patients with Parkinson's disease.Respiratory muscle training(RMT)significantly improved reflex peak cough flow(MD=3.51,95%CI 2.40 to 4.61,P<0.001)and voluntary peak cough flow(MD=3.09,95%CI 2.12 to 4.06,P<0.001).Subgroup analysis revealed that RMT was superior to non-ventilatory specific exercise(NVS)in improving MEP(P<0.05),whereas NVS was superi-or to RMT in improving FVC(P<0.05).Conclusion Exercise interventions can effectively improve respiratory function in patients with Parkinson's disease.NVS shows better efficacy in improving pulmonary function,while RMT can enhance cough ability,with more significant effect on respiratory muscle strength.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and the occurrence of diabetes complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 11 provinces in China.Methods:A total of 4 832 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 60 surveillance sites in 11 provinces where national surveillance for chronic diseases and risk factors was conducted in 2010 were selected as the study participants, and a follow-up survey was conducted in 3 516 persons from 2016 to 2017, finally 3 427 patients were included in the analysis after excluding those data exception and incomplete data. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evalaute the association between HbA1c level and the risk for diabetes complications (macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and diabetic foot), and subgroup analyses were conducted according to the baseline characteristics of the study participants, such as age, gender and smoking status.Results:A total of 3 427 study participants were included in final analysis of the follow up for an average of 6.2 years, in whom 395 suffered from macroangiopathy, 226 suffered from microangiopathy, and 57 suffered from diabetic foot later during the follow-up period. After adjusting for relevant confounders, using the HbA1c <7.0% as a reference, there was no increased risk for macrovascular lesions in the those with HbA1c levels of 7.0%-, 7.5%-, 8.0%-8.4%, and the risk for macrovascular lesions increased by 38% in those with HbA1c ≥8.5% ( HR=1.38,95% CI:1.06-1.80); the risk for microangiopathies increased by 131% ( HR=2.31,95% CI:1.46-3.65), 206%( HR=3.06,95% CI:1.91-4.90) and 208% ( HR=3.08,95% CI:2.20-4.30) in those with HbA1c levels of 7.5%-, 8.0%-, ≥8.5%, respectively; and the risk for diabetic foot increased by 253% ( HR=3.53, 95% CI: 1.89-6.59) in those with HbA1c level ≥8.5%. Subgroup analyses revealed an effect modifying effect of different diabetes diagnosis situations (previously diagnosed and newly diagnosed) on HbA1c level and the risk for microangiopathy. Conclusions:HbA1c level ≥7.5% would increase the risk for microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the higher the level, the higher the risk, and HbA1c level ≥8.5% would increase the risk for macrovascular lesions and diabetic foot. It is necessary to strengthen the health education in diabetic patients to improve their awareness of blood glucose management and the importance of HbA1c level control to effectively reduce or delay the diabetes complications.

In recent years, the reform of the registration, evaluation, and approval system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been promoted at the national level, with establishment of an evaluation evidence system for TCM registration that combines TCM theory, human use experience, and clinical trials(known as the "three-combined" evaluation evidence system). This system, which aligns with the characteristics of TCM clinical practice and the laws of TCM research and development, recognizes the unique value of human use experience in medicine and returns to the essence of medicine as an applied science, thus receiving widespread recognition from both academia and industry. However, it meanwhile poses new and higher challenges. This article delves into the value and challenges faced by the "three-combined" evaluation evidence system from three perspectives: registration management, medical institutions, and the TCM industry. Furthermore, it discusses how the China Association of Chinese Medicine, leveraging its academic platform advantages and leading roles, has made exploratory and practical efforts to facilitate the research and development of new TCM drugs and the implementation of the "three-combined" evaluation evidence system.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; China ; Drug Development