BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin injection on the masticatory muscle induces the osteopenic condition on the ipsilateral condyle. Bisphosphonate suppresses bone resorption and is used to treat osteopenic or osteoporotic condition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bisphosphonate administration on prevention of condylar resorption and botulinum toxin A-induced disuse osteopenia in rats. RESULTS: The volume of the condyle and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV, %) showed a strong tendency towards statistical significance (p = 0.052 and 0.058). Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm) and trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm) were significantly smaller in the Botox group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The volume of the condyle and BV/TV in the bisphosphonate 100 and bisphosphonate 200 groups showed similar values when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Bisphosphonate administration after botulinum toxin A injection in the masticatory muscles appears to prevent condyle resorption and botulinum toxin-induced disuse osteopenia in rats.
Animals ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Bone Resorption ; Botulinum Toxins ; Mandibular Condyle ; Masticatory Muscles ; Rats ; Temporomandibular Joint

BACKGROUND: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPDD) is a rare disease in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space. It forms a calcified crystal mass and induces a limitation of joint movement. CASE PRESENTATION: The calcified mass in our case was occupied in the left TMJ area and extended to the infratemporal and middle cranial fossa. For a complete excision of this mass, we performed a vertical ramus osteotomy and resected the mass around the mandibular condyle. The calcified mass in the infratemporal fossa was carefully excised, and the segmented mandible was anatomically repositioned. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis was performed to evaluate the calcified mass. The result of SEM/EDS showed that the crystal mass was completely composed of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. This result strongly suggested that the calcified mass was CPDD in the TMJ area. CONCLUSIONS: CPDD in the TMJ is a rare disease and is difficult to differentially diagnose from other neoplasms. A histological examination and quantitative microanalysis are required to confirm the diagnosis. In our patient, CPDD in the TMJ was successfully removed via the extracorporeal approach. SEM/EDS microanalysis was used for the differential diagnosis.
Calcium Pyrophosphate ; Calcium ; Chondrocalcinosis ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Joints ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Microscopy ; Osteotomy ; Rare Diseases ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temporomandibular Joint

Postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC) is relatively common complication among patients who underwent Caldwell-Luc surgery. Patients with POMC usually have no symptoms, although cyst extension can result in bone destruction or cystic infection with pain. The trigeminal nerve consists of the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve. Among these branches, the maxillary nerve runs to the lateral and frontal sides of the maxillary sinus wall. POMC can rarely lead to trigeminal neuropathy caused by cyst enlargement that compresses some branches of the trigeminal nerve. Recently, we experienced a case with trigeminal neuralgia due to POMC. The patient was successfully treated with inferior meatal antrostomy. We report this rare case with a literature review.
Humans ; Mandibular Nerve ; Maxillary Nerve ; Maxillary Sinus ; Ophthalmic Nerve ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

OBJECTIVEThis study described the clinical, surgical, and radiographic findings of simple bone cysts.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted for patients diagnosed with simple bone cysts in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2005 to March 2015. Clinical, radio-graphic, surgical, and follow-up data were gathered. Results were statistically analyzed by central tendency and dispersionusing SPSS 20.0 software.

RESULTSEleven cases of simple bone cysts were collected, including three male and eight female patients. Ten cases (90.9%) were asymptomatic and one case developed symptoms of swelling. All of the cases had no history of trauma in the affected area, and all were solitary; ten cases (90.9%) were unilocular, and one (9.1%) was multilocular.The shape of each lesion could be assigned to four categories: cone (3 cases), round (2 cases), oval (4 cases), and irregular (2 cases). The treatment in 10 cases consisted of surgery to explore the cavity and curettage of the bone walls. During surgery,the bone cavity in seven cases (70%) was vacant, whereas serous fluid was found in two cases (20%) and serous-bloody fluid in one case (10%). Of the ten cases, three cases exhibited complete bone healing and seven cases showed new bone formation.

CONCLUSIONSimple bone cysts of the jaws are usually asymptomatic and appear incidentally on routine radiographies. The prevalence is higher in the mandible and young people. The patient usually has no history of trauma, and the bone cavity of lesion is mostly vacant. Curettage of the bone walls of the lesion is suggested for simple bone cysts. Systemic clinical and radiologic follow-up are necessary to ensure successful treatment.

Bone Cysts ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Jaw Cysts ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Diseases ; Radiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Software

Anterior disc displacement is a common subtype seen in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. It may cause mandibular movement disorders, such as clicking of joint, intermittent closed lock, limitation of mouth opening, etc. These disorders may affect the life qualities of patients. Anterior disc displacement may also cause mandibular malformations, especially among adolescents, which may affect the growth of condyle, therefore may have a correlation with mandibular retrusion or mandibular deviation when grown up. This paper going to review the influences of anterior disc displacement on oral mandibular function and morphology and their biological mechanisms.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Mandible ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Mandibular Condyle ; growth & development ; Mandibular Diseases ; etiology ; Movement ; Retrognathia ; etiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology

Humans ; Mandibular Diseases ; prevention & control ; Osteoradionecrosis ; prevention & control ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Tooth Extraction

Garrès osteomyelitis is a specific type of chronic osteomyelitis that most commonly occurs in young patients, secondary to dental infection, and affects the unilateral side of the mandible. Bilateral mandibular Garrè's osteomyelitis is rare. In this article, a case of Garrè's osteomyelitis with bilateral mandible is reported. Its etiology, clinical pathologic features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment methods are discussed by reviewing relevant literature.
Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Diseases ; Osteomyelitis

OBJECTIVETo establish a miniature pig model of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN).

METHODSA single dose of irradiation (IR25 Gy, 28 Gy) was delivered via an electronic linear accelerator to the right mandible of 24 miniature pigs by utilizing three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). The first molar of the mandible was extracted 2 months after radiation. Mandibular ORN was diagnosed through gross observation, X-ray film, CT, and histopathologic examination.

RESULTSAt 3-4 months after radiation, all animals suffered from mandibular ORN after dental extraction. The symptoms of ORN were more severe in the 28 Gy group than in the 25 Gy group.

CONCLUSIONA miniature pig model of mandibular ORN can be established through 25 Gy irradiation + dental extraction.

Animals ; Mandible ; Mandibular Diseases ; pathology ; Molar ; Osteoradionecrosis ; pathology ; Particle Accelerators ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; pathology ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; adverse effects ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tooth Extraction

Deep vein thrombosis is a common complication after orthopedic, gynecological, and obstetric operations. However, instances of this complication after oral and maxillofacial surgeries have been rarely reported. We report a case with odontogenic keratocyst in the jaw that gained left lower extremity venous thrombosis after operation, and discuss the risk factors and prevention of lower extremity venous thrombosis through literature review.
Cysts ; surgery ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Mandibular Diseases ; surgery ; Risk Factors ; Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Facial beauty depends on the form, proportion, and position of various units of the face. In terms of the frontal view and facial profile, the chin is the most prominent aesthetic element of the lower third of the face. Many methods have been implemented to obtain good proportions of the lower face. In this study, we applied the T-shaped genioplasty method to correcting chin deformities. METHODS: All of the procedures in 9 cases were performed under general anesthesia. For genioplasty, a horizontal cutting line and 1 or 2 vertical cutting lines were drawn 5 mm below the mental foramen. Osteotomed bone segments of the chin were used for horizontal widening using bone grafts or for horizontal shortening. Likewise, they were used as bone grafts for vertical lengthening or vertical shortening. The bone segments were approximated in the midline and held in place using miniplates. RESULTS: The postoperative appearance of the 9 cases showed that the lower third of the face had been naturally changed. At the same time, vertical lengthening or shortening, and horizontal widening or shortening could be implemented during the operation. Satisfactory results were obtained based on reviews of the patients' preoperative and postoperative photographs. The patients were also satisfied with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Using T-shaped genioplasty, we efficiently adjusted the shape and position of the chin to obtain good proportions of the lower face and change its contour to obtain an aesthetically appealing oval face in accordance with East Asians' aesthetic preferences.
Anesthesia, General ; Beauty ; Chin ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Osteotomy ; Transplants