Background: Previous studies on Deva-5 traditional prescription, which has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of influenza, have demonstrated inhibitory activity against influenza A (H3) virus and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Based on this traditional formula, De-Mon syrup was developed through pharmaceutical processing. Experimental studies have shown that this syrup possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, conducting a clinical study to evaluate its therapeutic effect in influenza is warranted. Aim: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of De-Mon syrup, derived from a traditional herbal formulation, in patients with influenza. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel design was conducted among 160 patients diagnosed with influenza (ICD-10: J09–J11) who met the inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. The treatment group received standard influenza therapy with oseltamivir combined with De-Mon syrup, administered four times daily for five days at age-appropriate doses for children and adults. The control group received oseltamivir twice daily for five days. Complete blood count parameters were measured before and after treatment, and the results were statistically analyzed. Result: According to the study results, the adult treatment group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in white blood cell and neutrophil counts compared with the control group (p<0.05). Similarly, when children in the treatment group were compared with those in the control group, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein levels, and neutrophil counts were significantly decreased, indicating statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion De-mon syrup, based on a traditional prescription, significantly reduced white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and neutrophil levels in patients with influenza (p<0.05), indicating a potential anti-inflammatory effect.

Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by the accumulation of surfactant within the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory insufficiency. Although the disease is uncommon, it significantly affects patients’ quality of life and requires specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is considered the standard treatment; however, it has not been widely implemented in Mongolia. We report the first successful case of WLL performed for PAP in Mongolia. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old male presented with dyspnea. Chest computed tomography demonstrated a bilateral “crazy paving” pattern. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was positive for periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining, and anti–GM-CSF antibodies were detected, confirming the diagnosis of PAP. WLL was performed under general anesthesia using a double-lumen endotracheal tube with bronchoscopic guidance. One lung was ventilated with 100% oxygen while the contralateral lung was sequentially lavaged with 800–1000 mL of warm (37°C) saline per cycle until the effluent became clear. A total of approximately 20 liters of saline was used. Result: The procedure was completed successfully without complications. Following treatment, the patient showed marked clinical improvement with reduced dyspnea and increased exercise tolerance. Oxygen saturation improved from 88% to 93%, and spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV₁) demonstrated improvement. Chest imaging revealed a reduction in pulmonary opacities. Conclusion This case demonstrates the successful implementation of whole lung lavage (WLL) in Mongolia and highlights its importance in improving the diagnostic and therapeutic capacity for rare pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The procedure resulted in significant improvement in clinical, functional, and radiological parameters, consistent with findings from international studies. Early diagnosis of PAP and the adoption of standardized protocols in accordance with international guidelines are essential to optimize treatment outcomes and enhance patients’ quality of life.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Advances in molecular oncology have shown that mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene play a crucial role in diagnosis and in guiding targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the detection of EGFR mutations is influenced by specimen type and quality, and differences may exist between bronchoscopic and surgical samples. In Mongolia, studies addressing this issue remain limited. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of detecting EGFR gene mutations in bronchoscopic and surgically obtained tissue samples from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study included 35 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, of which 19 were bronchoscopic and 16 were surgical specimens. Tumor cell content was assessed histologically, and genomic DNA was extracted from each sample. EGFR mutation analysis was performed using the cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 with real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0, and differences between groups were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 64.5±10.5 years; 74% were male and 26% were female. Significant differences in tumor cell content and DNA yield were observed between specimen types. Bronchoscopic samples showed a mean tumor cell content of 34%, with sufficient DNA yield in 73.6% of cases, whereas surgical specimens demonstrated a mean tumor cell content of 93%, with adequate DNA yield in all cases. EGFR mutations were detected in 31.3% of surgical specimens (including exon 19 deletion, L858R, and T790M mutations). In bronchoscopic samples, insufficient DNA yield in some cases precluded PCR analysis, thereby limiting mutation detection. A statistically significant difference in EGFR mutation detection rates was observed between the two groups (p=0.045). Conclusions 1. Bronchoscopic samples demonstrated lower tumor cell content and DNA yield, which may limit their suitability for molecular analysis in some cases. 2. Compared to bronchoscopic samples, surgically obtained specimens provided higher-quality tissue and demonstrated a greater feasibility for EGFR mutation detection.